Water Transportation In Plants (Z)

Front 1

Describe the journey of water from the soil into the roots

Back 1

Root hair cells

Root cortex

Endodermis

Xylem

Front 2

Through which process does water enter into the roots from the soil?

Back 2

Osmosis

Front 3

Describe how the water moves into the roots in terms of water potential

Back 3

Mineral ions are actively transported into the root hair cells. This lower the wp inside the cells. Water from the cell then moves down the wp gradient into the root hair cell via osmosis

Front 4

What is the water potential of the leaves

Back 4

Low, because water constantly evaporates from them. This creates a constant water potential gradient which keeps moving the water from the roots (high) to the leaves (low)

Front 5

How does the water moves through the cortex? Name two ways

Back 5

The simplest pathway

The apoplast pathway

Front 6

What happens in the symplast pathway? What process does this happen through?

Back 6

Water goes through the cytoplasm (living part). The cytoplasm of the neighbouring cells connects through plasmodesmata.

This all occurs through osmosis

Front 7

What happens in the apoplast pathway?

Back 7

Water goes through the cell walls (non living) . Diffuses across and passes through the spaces between them.

Front 8

What pressure is behind the movement of water down the apoplast pathway?

Back 8

Water travels from a region of High hydrostatic pressure to low hydrostatic pressure, along the pressure gradient.

This is an eg. of mass flow

Front 9

What does the water in the apoplast pathway encounter? How does it overcome it?

Back 9

It gets to the endodermis cells in the roots and the waxy strip called the Casparian strip blocks it's path. The water then takes the symplast path.

Front 10

Why is water passing through the symplast pathway more useful for the plant?

Back 10

Because the water has to pass through a cell membrane; since they are semi permeable, the plant is able to control what substances enter it.

Front 11

Which pathway is more used by the plant and why?

Back 11

The apoplast pathway is used more because it offers less resistance

Front 12

Which colour represents which pathway?

Back 12

Blue: apoplast pathway

Red: symplast pathway

Front 13

What happens next in water transportation once the water has reached the xylem?

Back 13

Water moves up the xylem and out of the leaves

Front 14

Describe what happens once the water gets to the xylem:

Back 14

*Xylem vessels transport water all around the plant

*at the leaves, water leaves the xylem into the cells via apoplast path

*water evaporates from the cell walls into the spaces between cells in leaf

*Water vapour then diffuses about of the stomata down a water potential gradient into the air

Front 15

Why does water moves up a plant?

Back 15

Becaue of:

Cohesion

Tension

Adhesion

Front 16

Tension

Back 16

When water evaporates from the leaves (transpiration), tension (suction) is created in the xylem. This pulls more water into and up the leaf.

Front 17

Cohesion

Back 17

Water molcules are attracted to each other due to their polarity and form hydrogen bonds. They form a column/ chain of water

Front 18

Against what force does cohesion and tension help water move against?

Back 18

Gravity

Front 19

Adhesion

Back 19

Water molecules are attracted to each other and the xylem walls. This helps the water rise up through the xylem.

Front 20

What causes water to move into the Xylem?

Back 20

The wp gradient

Front 21

What do the phloemn and xylem form together in a plant? Describe its structure

Back 21

A vascular bundle;

Xylem towards the middle

Then vascular cambium

Then phloemn