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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The ___ ____ test checks to see how much pathogenic material exists in water.
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fecal coliform
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The chemical most often used to disinfect water is...
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chlorine
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The number 1 water pollutant is....
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sediment
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The presence of _____ in water generally makes you very sick.
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coliform bacteria or pathogens
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The top two nutrients in water that cause problems are ....
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nitrates & phosphates
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The loading of water with nutrients leads to a process called...
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eutrophication
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Cultural eutrophication means that the nutrients are from....
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man or anthropogenic sources
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The biological accumulation of chemicals in food as it goes up the food chain is called...
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biomagnification
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Examples of biomagnification include....
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DDT, PCB, methyl mercury
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A eutrophic lake can have an _____ bloom whose subsequent death causing oxygen drop from the abundant decomposition occurring
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algal
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The amount of solids in water that creates so much pollution is about ___% of the total amount of water.
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1
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What is the main thing that secondary (biological) treatment does that is different from primary treatment?
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Aeration
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When water is deficient in dissolved oxygen, then we say it is ____, much like the Mississippi River Delta.
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hypoxic
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Hypoxic waters are also eutrophic, caused by the nitrogen in ______ from upstream.
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fertilizers (nitrates & phosphates from farms)
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Surface water that has an overload of nutrients and has algal growth is said to be...
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eutrophic
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Pollutants that come from a definite output, such as a pipe or a leaky tank are called ___ ___
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Point Sources
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Pollutants that DON'T have a definite output location are __ ____, such as water running off a farm into a stream.
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Non-point Sources
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All the things in water, both biological & chemical, that consume oxygen, contribute to the __ ___ ____.
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Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
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The optimum DO of healthy water is....
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about 7.5 mg/L or ppm
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When BOD level rises, the DO level typically....
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drops.
The two are inversely related. |
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The main water borne disease is
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cholera
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When the DO of water is very low, the water has gone a______.
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anaerobic
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Anaerobic products from nutrient-filled water include gases such as....
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hydrogen sulfide and methane and it smells horrible
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Pre-treatment of waste water at the WWTP involves removal of ______ and are merely sent to a dumpster that is taken to the landfill.
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large objects that get stuck in a bar screen.
(clothes, sticks, trash, etc.) |
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In a settling basin at the WWTP, _____ is removed from the top and ___ is removed from the bottom, as the scraper slowly turns.
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oily, low-density stuff
sludge (mostly fecal solids) |
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During aeration at the WWTP, the nitrates are turned into ___, the suspended solids are turned into ___ & ___.
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Nitrogen (N2)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O) |
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During aeration at the WWTP, ____ eat the suspended solids and convert them into harmless products.
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microorganisms
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Before cleaned water from the WWTP can be put back into the local stream, it must be ____ so it will be free of pathogens.
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disinfected
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One means of disinfection of water at a WWTP is to expose the water to ___ ___, but this requires that the water is filtered so that it will be clear enough for this to work.
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Ultraviolet (UV) light
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UV light is a good, but energy expensive disinfectant, and leaves no by-products such as _____ that chlorine would leave.
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THM's (trihalomethanes)
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Water that is fit for human consumption is said to be ____
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potable
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Water coming INTO a WWTP is called ....
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influent
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Water EXITing a WWTP is called ...
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effluent
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The reason that we treat our waste water is so we can comply with the ___ ____ ____
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Clean Water Act (CWA)
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The sludge or solids from the WWTP can go to the ___ ____ where they can be broken down into methane & other products in an oxygen-free environment.
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Anaerobic digester
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_____ gas from an anaerobic digester can be used to run engines that are connected to generators that can make ___ for us.
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Methane
electricity |
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Waste solids from the WWTP can be _______ by sending it through a belt press, which squeezes water out of it.
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de-watered
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De-watered waste sludge can be put on ___-food crops or in tree plantation forest or more often is just sent to the ____.
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non
landfill |
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Why can't waste sludge be put on food crops?
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It may contain heavy metals or other toxins that can get into the plants.
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Some examples of toxic metals in sludge include...
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lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, nickel
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Eutrophic lakes can have a layer of floating vegetation so thick that ____ can't penetrate thus preventing phytoplankton from making oxygen.
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light
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If floating vegetation on a eutrophic lake gets thick, it can kill the ___ ___ ___ on the bottom of a lake.
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SAV, submerged aquatic vegetation
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When vegetation in a lake dies, ______ decomposition takes over, which greatly reduces the ____ ____ in the water, making it go anaerobic.
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bacterial
dissolved oxygen (DO) |
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A big problem with abandoned mines, is that there is a lot of ___ flowing from them from pyrite rocks reacting with air & water.
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acid
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