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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Industry water conservation strategies? |
pollution prevention cost |
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What are agriculture water conservation strategies? |
conservation (drip irrigation) no/limited till agriculture |
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What are individual water conservation strategies? |
pricing conservation |
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What are the 3 places water pollution occurs in freshwater? 3 places in marine/coastal waters? |
Freshwater -groundwater -surface waters -wetlands Marine -estuaries -wetlands -open oceans |
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Metals that are water pollutants? |
arsenic Hg, Pb, Cd (mercury, lead, cadmium) non-degradable |
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VOCs that are water pollutants? |
trichloroethylene vinyl chloride carbon tetrachloride |
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Pesticides that are water pollutants? |
chlorinated hydrocarbons organo-phosphates |
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What are emerging contaminants? |
endocrine disrupting chemicals |
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How does Thermal Energy pollute waters? |
degrades water quality by changing water temperature. using water as a coolant by power plants returns the water to natural environments at a higher temperature. hotter water = less oxygen urban run-off storm water discharge |
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Groundwater supplies drinking water for how much of the US population? Irrigation? What does it source? |
51% of the total US population 99% of the rural population 64% of groundwater is used for irrigation to grow crops Source of recharge for lakes, rivers, wetlands. The largest source of usable freshwater in the world. |
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What does groundwater discharge depend on? |
topography hydrogeology sources of groundwater recharge amount of ground water pumped in wells |
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What is the best indicator of water quality?
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Macro-invertebrates (indices)
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What does the safe drinking water act focus on? |
water systems ground water ground water used as drinking water |
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What does the clean water act focus on? |
wastewater treatment plants surface water for industrial, recreation, wildlife wastewater discharges |
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Where do the SDWA and CWA acts overlap? |
When specific/surface water is used as a source for drinking water |
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3 types of sludge treatments: |
thickening - increases the solids content of sludge by removing a portion of the liquid fraction. Anaerobic digestion - organics are converted into carbon dioxide and methane gas by bacteria. Sludge dewatering |
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What is the CWA framework for restoring polluted waters? |
Problem ID : set water quality standards monitor and assess list impaired waters Problem solving: develop TMDL point source permits nonpoint source grants |
