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184 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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WATER VAPOR
invisible |
INVISIBLE GAS
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CONDENSATION
steam |
CHANGE FROM WATER VAPOR TO LIQUID WATER
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SPECIFIC HUMIDITY
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ACTUAL AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR IN THE AIR @ GIVEN TIME
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SATURATED HUMIDITY
rate |
WATER VAPOR = RATE OF EVAPORATION
SATURATED HUMIDITY rate of evaporation |
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RELATIVE HUMIDITY
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HOW NEAR AIR IS TO ITS MAXIMIM CAPACITY FOR HOLDING WATER VAPOR
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PSYCHROMETER
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INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE HUMIDITY
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EXAMPLE OF CONDENSATION
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IF THE AIR CONTINUES TO COOL PAST THE POINT OF SATURATION CONDENSATION OCCURS
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EXAMPLE OF WATER VAPOR
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WATER VAPOR MAY CONDENSE INTO DROPLETS FORMING A CLOUD -OR-FOG
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DEW POINT
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TEMPERATURE @ WHICH SATURATION OCCURS & CONDENSATION BEGINS
condense into water, called dew. |
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HOW DOES 'DEW' FORM
droplets |
FROM DROPLETS OF CONDENSED WATER VAPOR
dew droplets water vapor |
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2 CONDITIONS ARE NECESSARY FOR WATER VAPOR TO CONDENSE
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1.) AIR MUST BE MATERIAL FOR WATER VAPOR TO CONDENSE ONTO
2.) AIR MUST BE CLOSE TO -OR- BELOW ITS DEW POINT |
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CONDENSATION NUCLEI
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WHEN FOG -OR- CLOUDS FORM, THE WATER VAPOR IS CONDENSING ON TINY PARTICLES
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SUPERSATURATED
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AIR COOLED BELOW ITS DEW POINT
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NAME 3 WAYS THAT AIR MAY COOL -OR- LOSE HEAT
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-CONTACT W/COLDER SURFACE
-RADIATION OF HEAT -MIXING W/ COLDER AIR -EXPANSION AS IT RISES |
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WHY DURING THE NIGHT, DO SURFACES BECOME COOLER THAN THE AIR
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THEY LOSE HEAT MORE RAPIDLY THAN AIR DOES
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HOW DOES FOG FORM
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AS WATER VAPOR CONDENSES IN THE AIR, TINY DROPLETS FILL THE AIR
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WHEN DOES FOG FORM
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COLD SURFACE COOLS THE WARM MOIST AIR ABOVE IT
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HOW DOES RADIATION FOG FORM
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NIGHT SKY IS CLEAR;THE GROUND LOSES HEAT RAPIDLY THROUGH RADIATION
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COMMON IN RIVER VALLEYS AND NEAR LAKES
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HOW DOES AVECTION FOG FORM
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WHEN ITS WARM & MOIST; WIND BLOWS OVER SNOW-COVERED GROUND
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HOW DO CLOUDS FORM
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WHNE AIR COOLS TO ITS DEW POINT
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FORM @ ANY ALTITUDE
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WHAt ARE CLOUDS MADE OF
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WATER DROPLETS
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WHAT ARE THE 3 BASIC 'FORMS' OF CLOUDS
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-CUMULOUS
-STRATUS -CIRRUS |
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HOW DOES THE SHAPE OF THE CLOUD SHOW
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HOW AIR IS MOVING THROUGH IT
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HOW ARE CLOUDS 'CLASSIFIED'
height shape |
-HEIGHT//ALTITUDE((LOW,MIDDLE,
HIGH..) -THEIR SHAPE |
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WHAT ARE THE 4 'TYPES' OF CLOUDS
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-LOW
-MIDDLE -HIGH -CLOUDS OF VERTICAL |
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WHAT CLOUD IS FORMED BY HORIZONTAL AIR MOVEMENTS
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STRATIFORM CLOUDS
()LAYERED CLOUDS)) |
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WHAT CLOUD IS FORMED BY VERTICAL AIR MOVEMENTS
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CUMULIFORM
((GROW UPWARDS IN GREAT PUFFS)) |
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WHERE DO CLOUDS HAVE HIGH ALTITUDES
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ALONG THE EQUATOR & LOWER IN THE POLAR REGIONS
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DESCRIBE 'CUMULUS' CLOUDS
cool whip |
FLUFFY CLOUDS W/FLAT BASES
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DESCRIBE 'STARTUS' CLOUDS
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CLOUDS THAT FORM IN LAYERS
((LAYERED, LOW CLOUDS)) Flat and straight = stratus |
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DESCRIBE 'CIRRUS' CLOUDS
circus bomb |
HIGH FEATHERY ICE CLOUDS
((THIN W/ FKAT FLUFF ENDS)) |
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CONDENSATION LEVEL
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ATMOSPHEREIC LEVEL WHICH CONDENSATION OCCURS
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DRY-ADIABATIC LEVEL
(rate air) |
RATE @ WHICH AIR COOLS AS IT RISES
DRY-ADIABATIC LEVEL (rate air)(cools) |
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'MOIST'-ADIBIATIC LEVEL
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RATE @ WHICH 'SATURATED' AIR COOLS AS IT RISES
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HOW DO CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS FORM
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MOIST AIR RISES & COOLS TO ITS DEW POINT
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HOW DO LAYERED CLOUDS FORM
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STABLE AIR; AIR CANT MOVE UP OR DOWN SO IT SPREADS OUT HORIZONTALLY
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AS WARM AIR RISES....
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IT EXPANDS & ITS TEMPERATURE & DEW POINT DECREASE
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PRECIPITATION
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ANY FORM OF WATER THAT FALLS FROM A CLOUD
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SLEET
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FROZEN RAIN DROPS
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FREEZING RAIN
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SUPER-COOLED RAINDROPS
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HAIL
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IRREGULAR CLUMPS OF ICE
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NAME 5 TYPES OF PRECIPITATION
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-HAIL
-SLEET -SNOW -RAIN -FREEZING RAIN |
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GLACIER
compacted |
LARGE MASS OF COMPACTED SNOW & ICE
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SNOW LINE
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LOWEST ELEVATION
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FIRN
ice material |
BURIED SNOW; COMPACTED;COMPRESSED & RECYSTALIZES ICE MATERIAL
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CONTINENTIAL GLACIER
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GLACIER THAT MOVES W/ IN VALLEY WALLS
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ICE CAP
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GLACIER IS LESS THAN 50,00 SQUARE KILOMETERS IN AREA
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CREVASSE
steep |
CREVASSE
=steep downwards slope STEEP DOWNWARDS SLOPE; GREAT FISSURES CARACKS |
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ICE FRONT
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GLACIERS THAT LOSE ICE THROUGH MELTING
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CALVING
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GREAT BLOBKS BREAK OFF TO BECOME ICEBERG
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TILL
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MATERIAL DEPOSITED BY GLACIAL ICE
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MORAINE
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total OF GLACIAL TILL
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STRATIONS
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SAND PEBBLES AND SHARP BOULDERS LEAVE LONG PARALELL
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GLACIAL VALLEY
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U SHAPED VALLEY
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CIRQUE
cirrular |
CIRQUE
STEMI-cirrular BASIN |
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ERRATIC
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LARGE BOULDERS TRANSPORTED BY GLACIERS
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OUTWASH
wash=water |
wash=water
MATERIAL DEPOSITED BY GLACIAL MELTWATER |
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DRUMLIN
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GROUP OF HILLS;LONG SMOOTH CANOE SHAPED
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ESKER
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WINDING RIDGES; FORM WHEN A GLACIER MELTS
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OUTWASH PLAIN
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FRONT OF GLACIERS ;OVERLAP;FORM FLAT AREA
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KAME
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SMALL CONE-SHAPED HILLS OF SAND & GRAVEL
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KETTLE
kelloggs cereal |
BOWL-SHAPED HALLOWS FOUND IN MORAINS 7 OUTWASH PLAINS
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BEACH
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AREA OF SHORE BETWEEN THE HIGH-TIDE LEVEL & LOW-TIDE LEVEL
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DEFLATION
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REMOVAL OF LOOSE ROCK PARTICLES BY THE WIND
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DESERT PAVEMENT
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REMAING SURFACE; AFTER DESERT SANDS ARE BLOWN AWAY
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DUST STORM
sand |
STRONG STEADY WINDS;LIFT SILT & CLAY FROM TOPSOIL
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FETCH
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LENGTH OF OPEN WATER OVER WHCICH WIND BLOWS
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FJORD
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STEEP-SIDED BAYS
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LOESS
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WHEN ERODED;CLIFF-LIKE SLOPES
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PERIOD
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TIME IT TAKES ONE WAVELENGTH TO PASS A CERTAIN POINT
SPEED=WAVELENGTH/ PERIOD |
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REFRACTION
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WAVE REACHES SHALLOW WATER;SWING UNTIL IT APPROACHES THE SHORELINE
((SWINGING -OR- BENDING |
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SANDBAR
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CURRENT CARRIES ENOUGH SAND AND FORMS SANDBAR
SEDIMENTS CARRIED INLAND |
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SAND DUNE
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HILLS OF SAND DEPOSITED BY WINDS
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VENTIFACT
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SMALL ROCKS INTO SHAPES
BLASTS OF DESERT SAND GRIND BOULDERS AND SMALL ROCKS INTO SHAPES |
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WAVE HEIGHT
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN;WAVES HEIGHT POINT & LOW POINT
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WAVELENGTH
distance |
DISTANCE FROM ONE CREST TO THE NEXT
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AIR POLLUTANT
particle |
ANY AIRBORNE GAS OR-PARTICLE;HARMS HUMANS -OR-ENVIRONMENT
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AIR POLLUTANT
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CONDUCTION
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TRANSFER OF HEAT ENERGY THROUGH COLLISIONS OF ATOMS -OR- MOLECULES
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HEAT
energy |
TOTAL KINETIC ENERGY OF ALL PARTICLES OF THE SUBSTANCE
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INSOLATION
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INCOMING----SOLAR---- -RADIATION
IN(coming)-(solar)-(radia)TION |
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IONOSPHERE
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-1ST LAYER;ON TOP;
-LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION;REFLECTS RADIO WAVES BACK TO EARTH -AURORAS -IONIZED TEMPERATURE GETS HOTTER **FILLED W/ CHARGED PARTICLES** |
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ISOTHERM
temperature |
ISOTHERM
TEMPERATURE OZONES ON THE MAP LINES SEPERArating LINES CONNECT PLACES W/ THE SAME TEMP. |
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MESOSPHERE
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IS ON TOP OF THE STRATOSPHERE;
***METEORS BURN UP WHILE ENTERING EARTHS ATMOSPHERE*** |
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OZONEV
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ABSORBS ULTAVIOLET RAYS FROM THE SUN;& RELEASES SOME ENERGY IN FORM OF HEAT
1 THERMOSPHERE 2 MESOSPHERE 3 STRATOSPHERE 4 TROPOSPHERE |
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RADIATION
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TRANSFER OF ENERGY; THROUGH SPACE IN THE FORM OF VISIBLE LIGHT
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STRATOSPHERE
top s comes before t in alphabet |
LOCATED ABOVE THE TOP OF THE TROPOSPHERE
DRY LAYER |
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TEMPERATURE
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MEASURE OF THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE ATOMS -OR- MOLECULES IN THAT SUBSTANCE
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TEMPERATURE INVERSION
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-AIR @ EARTHS SURFACE IS COLDER THAN AIR ABOVE,
-SO CONNECTION DOESNT OCCUR |
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THERMOSPHERE
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4TH LAYER;LOCATED ABLOVE MESOSPHERE
BLOCK OUT RADIATION TRAVEL UP GETS COLDER BEACUSE OF THIN AIR |
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TROPOSPHERE
weather occurs |
THE LOWEST LAYER IN THE EARTHS ATMOSPHERE
******WEATHER OCCURS**** |
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AIR PRESSURE
air pushes |
ATMOSPHERE PUSHES DOWN ON EARTH'S SURFACE
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CORIOLIS EFFECT
curving |
OBJECT;FREELY OVER EARTH SUR; CURVING AWAY FROM ITS OWN PATH
GREATEST NEAR POLES & LEAST NEAR EQUATOR |
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HIGH-PESSURE AREA
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ISOBARS-AIR INCREASE TOWARDS CENTER
isobars line that joins points having =air pressure |
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INTERTROPICAL CONVERSENIC ZONE
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WARM RISING AIR CREATES LOW-PRESSURE ZONE @ SURFACE
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ISOBARS
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LINE THAT JOINS POINTS HAVING = AIR PRESSURE
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ISOBARS
(bar graph) |
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JET STREAM
fast |
PACKS OF SWIFLY MOVING WINDS
jet stream jet ski fast winds |
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LOW PRESSURE AREA
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ISOBARS-AIR DECREASES TOWARDS CENTER
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MIDDLE LATITUDE
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30-60 DEG.
***united states SURFACE WINDS CHANGE*** |
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MONSOON
seasonally |
WINDS THAT CHANGE DIRECTION SEASONALLY
WINTER;COLD & DRY SUMMER:WARM & MOIST |
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POLAR FRONT
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POLAR FRONT
cold fronts warm air AIR FLOWING AWAY FROM THE POLAR REGION COLLIDES W/ WARMER AIR MOVING UP FROM THE LOWER LATITUDES |
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PRESSURE GRADIENT
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PRESSURE CHANGE DIVIDED BY DISTANCE OVER WHICH PRESSURE CHANGES YIELDS
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PREVAILLING WINDS
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WINDS THAT BLOW FROM THE SAME DIRECTION
EX//TRADE WINDS |
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TRADE WINDS
settle |
WARM & STEADY
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SEA BREEZES
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WINDS THAT BLOW ALONG THE OCEAN ONTO LAND
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AIR MASS
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LARGE BODY OF AIR;
LOWER TROPOSPHERE |
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BLIZZARD
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HEAVY/BLOWING SNOW
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WINTER STORM
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COLD FRONT
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BOUNDARY BETWEEN;
-COLD AIR MASS & -WARMER MASS DISPLACING |
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FRONT
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BOUNDARY THAT SEPERATES OPPOSING AIR MASSES
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HURRICANE
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LARGE;ROTATING STORM
-TROPICAL ORGIN |
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LIGHTNING
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ELECTRIC DISCHARGE
EX// THUNDERCLOUD TO THE GROUND |
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METEROLOGY
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-STUDY OF EARTHS ATMOSPHERE
-WEATHER PREDICTIONS |
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OCCLUDED FRONT
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COLD FRONT 'CATCHES UP' TO WARM FRONT
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SUFFIR-SIMPSON SCALE
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SCALE;MEASURE HURRICANE STRENGTH
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EQUAL LINE
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FRONTAL THUNDERSTORMS
-OCCUR IN LINES AHEAD OF THE FRONT |
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SATATIONARY MODEL
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-DATA ON MAP
-METEROLOGISTS CREATE WEATHER MAPS |
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STATIONARY FRONT
non |
A FRONT THATS NOT MOVING FORWARD
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STORM SURGE
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STRONG WINDS
-BLOW WATER INTO BROAD DOME |
CAN RISE SEA-LEVEL METERS HIGHER |
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SUPER CELL
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LARGE SINGLE-CELLED THUNDERSTORM
-STRONG UPDRAFTS |
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THUNDERSTORM
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-STORMS W/ LIGHTNING
-THUNDER -RAIN ****CUMUL. CLOUDS*** |
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TORNADO
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ROTATING SOLUMN OF AIR
-USUALLY TOUCHES GROUND -moving wind cirrular |
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WARM FRONT
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BOUNDARY BETWEEN AIR MASSES
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WARM AIR DISPLACES COLD AIR
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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
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ENERGY THAT TRAVEL IN WAVES
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ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION CONTIMUUM
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LONGEST WAVELENGTH ON ONE END & SHORT ON THE OTHER
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CONTINOUS SPECTRUM
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UNBROKEN BAND OF COLORS
LIGHT OF ALL VISIBLE WAVELENGTHS |
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EMISSION SPECTRUM
uneven |
LIGHT OF ONLY CERTAIN WAVELENGTHSS
UNEVENLY SPACES LINES; DIFFERENT COLOR & BRIGHTNESS |
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ABSORPTION SPECTRUM
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CONTINUOS SPECTRUM CROSSED BY DARK LINES
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DROPPLER EFFECT
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-STARS ARE MADE OF
-HOW THEY ARE MOVING IN RELATION TO EARTH |
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CONSELLATION
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GROUPS OF STARS
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APPARENT MAGNITUDE
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MEASURE/STARS BIGHTNESS
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ASTRONOMICAL UNIT
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150 MILLION KILOMETERS
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DISTANCE;EARTH TO SUN
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LIGHT-YEAR
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DIST. RAY OF LIGHT TRAVELS IN 1 YEAR
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PARSEC
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=3.258 LIGHT YEARS
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LUMINOSITY
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ACTUAL BRIGHTNESS OF A STAR
SIZE & TEMPERATure |
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ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE
actual |
actual BRIGHTNESS/STAR @ 10 PARSECS FROM EARTH
BRIGHTNESS WOULD BE IF ALL STARS WERE @ SAME DISTANCE |
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CEPHELD VARIABLES
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PULSATING STAR
SUPERGIANT CYLES OF BRIGHTNESS |
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MAIN SEQUENCE
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DIAGRAM
LUMINOSITY |
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GIANT STAR
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DIAMETER=10x SUN
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SUPERGIANTS
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=MORE THAN 100 X SUN
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WHITE DWARF
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STARS NEAR END OF LIFE
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NUBULA
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CLOUD OF GAS & DUST
STAR IS BORN |
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PLANETARY NEBULA
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HALO OF GASES
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SUPERNOVA
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BURST OF LIGHT
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NEUTRON STAR
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SUPERNOVA CORE LEFTOVERS
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PULSAR
pulse star 'up beat' |
SPINNING NEUTRON STAR
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BLACK HOLE
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REMNANT OF A STAR
=15X SUN |
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GALAXIES
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MILLIONS/BILLIONS GROUP/STARS
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QUASAR
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DISTANT OBJECTS
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BIG BANG MODEL
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HOW UNIVERSE WAS CREATED
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PALEONTOLOGY
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STUDY/PREHISTORIC TIMES
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MOLD
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HOLLOW DEPRESSION LEFT IN ROCK
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CAST
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MINERALS FILL THE MOLD
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TRACE FOSSIL
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IMPRESSIONS LEFT IN ROCK
EX// TRAILS FOOTPRINTS BITEMARKS |
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RELEATIVE DATING
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NOT ACTUAL DATES
RELEATIVE TIME |
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STRATA
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SEDIMENTARY ROCK-OVER TIME COMPRESSED INTO LAYERS
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UNCONFORMITY
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LAYERS OF ROCK ARE MISSING IN STRATA SEQUENCE
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CORRELATION
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MATCHING LAYERS OF ROCK
CORRELATION (layers of rock) |
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INDEX FOSSILS
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REMAINS OF ORGANISMS
PARTICULAR TIME SEGMENT OF EARTHS HISTORY |
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KEY BED
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SINGLE ROCK LAYER
-UNIQUE,WIDESPREAD --LIKE INDEX FOSSIL |
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ABSOLUTE TIME
actual |
ACTUAL DATES OF EVENTS
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VARVE
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ANY SEDIMENT; DEPOSITED ON YEARLY CYCLE
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RADIOACTIVE DECAY
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PROCESS;RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES CAPTURE TINY PARTICLES
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PARENT ISOTOPE
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ORIGINAL ELEMENT
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DAUGHTER ISOTOPE
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PRODUCT OF DECAY
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HALF-LIFE
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TIME;HALF ATOMS TO DECAY TO A STABLE PORDUCT
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RADIOMETRIC DATING
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RADIOACTIVITY & HALF-LIVES OF ELEMENTS TO MEASURE TIME
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GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE
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MAJOR EVENTS
EARTH PAST ROCK RECORDS |
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EON
longest |
LONGEST SEGMENT OF GEOLOGICAL TIME
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ERA
|
-PALEOZOIC-ROCKS FORM
-MESOZONIC-DINOSAURS -CENOZOIC-ICE AGE |
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PERIOD
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EARS ASRE DIVIDED INTO
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EPOCH
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GEOLOGICAL PERIODS DIVIDED
BRIEF |
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EVOLUTION
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PROCESS;
CHANGE; NEW LIFE FORMS |
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NATURAL SELECTION
|
DARWIN;THEORY
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PRECAMBRIAN
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BEFORE PALEZOIC ERA
4 BILLION YEARS before dinosaurs |
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SHIELD
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EXPOSED AREA OF CRATON
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STROMATOLITES
(TRAPPED) |
TRAPPED SEDIMENTS FORM LAYERED DOMES
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TRILOBITE
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PRESERVED CAMBRIAN ANIMAL
CRAB-LIKE |
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GRAPTOLITE
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GROUPS OF ANIMALS THROUGHOUT WORLDS OCEANS
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EURYPTERID
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SEA SCORPION
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CRINOID
animal |
INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS
RELATED TO SEA STARS |
LOOK LIKE PLANTS
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FORMINIFERA
|
1 CELLED ORGANISMS W/TINY CALCITE SHELLS
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DINOSAUR
|
ERA
EXTINCT GROUP OF ANIMALS |
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AMMONITE
animal |
CEPHALOPODS
RELEATIVES OF SQUID |
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HOMINID
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MODERN HUMAN
HUMAN-LIKE ANCESTOR |
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BI-PEDAL
two |
WALK UPRIGHT W/ 2 LEGS
HUMANS |
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