Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
WATER EFFICIENCY PROMOTES WHICH 4 MEASURES?
|
1. Indoor Water Use Reduction
2. Water Efficient Landscaping 3. Innovative Wastewater Technologies 4. Process Water Use Reduction |
|
|
WHAT ARE THE 3 COMPONENTS OF WATER EFFICIENCY IN GREEN BUILDINGS?
|
1. Indoor water use (e.g. toilets, showers, sinks etc.)
2. Outdoor water use (e.g. irrigation) 3. Process water (e.g. building systems such as AC, boilers, cooling towers, flushing toilets, cleaning etc.) |
|
|
STRATEGIES:
INDOOR WATER USE |
1. Efficient plumbing fixtures
2. Use non-potable water 3. Submeters |
|
|
EXPLAIN:
"EFFICIENT PLUMBING FIXTURES" |
a. low-flow toilets, showerheads and faucets.
b. waterless fixtures (e.g. toilets and urinals). c. automatic faucet sensors and metering controls. If existing fixtures cannot be replaced --> flow restrictors and sensors on flow fixtures |
|
|
EXPLAIN:
"USE NON-POTABLE WATER" |
Non-potable water for flush flush functions (toils and urinals)
a. collected rainwater AND stormwater b. graywater c. municipal reclaimed/non-potable water/recycled water = treated wastewater/sewage. solids and certain impurities are removed BUT is not drinkable. |
|
|
EXPLAIN:
"INSTALL SUBMETERS" |
a. track consumption
b. monitor leakage |
|
|
STRATEGIES:
OUTDOOR WATER USE |
1. Native & adaptive plants
2. Xeriscaping 3. Efficient irrigation systems 4. Mulching 5. Turf grass 6. Use of non-potable water 7. Submeters |
|
|
EXPLAIN:
"NATIVE & ADAPTIVE PLANTS" |
a. require little or no maintenance.
b. drought-resistant plants are best option |
|
|
DEFINITION:
"XERISCAPING" |
= dry landscaping
Combines native planting with soil improvements and efficient irrigation systems. A landscaping method designed for water conservation so that routine irrigation is not necessary. It includes: 1. drought-adaptable and low-water plants 2. Soil amendments (e.g. compost to conserve moisture, mulches to reduce evaporation) |
|
|
EXPLAIN:
"EFFICIENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS" |
1. surface drip & bubbler irrigation system (provides more water to the root system and less surface water --> less evaporation or runoff).
2. weather based controllers 3. properly scheduled irrigation times |
|
|
EXPLAIN:
"USE NON-POTABLE WATER FOR IRRIGATION" |
1. rainwater
2. municipal claimed wastewater 3. graywater |
|
|
EXPLAIN:
"MULCHING" "TURF GRASS" |
MULCHING retains moisture and helps prevent evaporation.
TURF GRASS should be reduced or eliminated because it requires large amounts of water. |
|
|
EXPLAIN:
"INSTALLATION OF SUBMETERS" |
METER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS track consumption and monitor local leakage.
|
|
|
STRATEGIES:
PROCESS WATER |
1. Efficient equipment & appliances
2. Use of non-potable water 3. Submeters |
|
|
WATER USE REDUCTION:
Baseline building vs. design building |
1. LEED building MUST use 20% (prerequisite) less water than a conventional building.
Baseline building = 1.6 Gallons/flush (federal law) LEED building = 1.0 Gallons/flush |
|
|
1. WHAT IS THE STANDARD FOR ALL WATER EFFICIENCY PREREQUISITES AND CREDITS?
2. WHAT ARE RELATED CODES? |
1. STANDARD:
Energy Policy Act 1992 --> (EPAct 1992) = Federal Law on energy & water policy 2. CODES: a. UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE 206 (defines water conserving fixtures & fittings for wc, urinal & faucets) b. INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE 2006 (water distribution systems - defines max. flow rates & consumption for plumbing fixtures and fittings) |
|
|
EXAMPLES:
"FLUSH FIXTURES" "FLOW FIXTURES" HOW ARE THEY MEASURED? |
FLUSH FIXTURES:
1. toilets (water closet) 2. urinals --> gallons per flush/gpf FLOW FIXTURES: 1. faucets 2. showerheads 3. aerators 4. sprinkler heads --> gallons per minute/gpm |
|
|
WHAT IS WATER CONSUMPTION ASSUMPTION ACCORDING TO EPAct 1992?
FIXTURE TYPE: a. Conventional Water Closet vs design b. Conventional Urinal vs design |
Conventional water closet = 1.6 gallons/flush
Low-flow water closet = 1.1 gallons/flush Ultra-low water closet = 0.8 gallons/flush Composting toilet = 0.0 gallons/flush Conventional urinal = 1.0 gallons/flush Waterless urinal = 0.0 gallons/flush |
|
|
1. Conventional toilets: ... gpf
2. Conventional lavatory (bathroom) faucets: ... gpm 3. Conventional kitchen faucets: ... gpm 4. Conventional showerheads: ... gpm |
1. ... 1.6 gpf
2. ... 2.2 gpm 3. ... 2.2 gpm 4. ... 2.5 gpm |
|
|
DEFINITION:
"GRAYWATER" |
water from wash hand basins, showers and baths.
--> can be recycled on-site for uses such as WC flushing, landscape irrigation. EXCLUDES water from laundry, dishwashers and kitchen sinks. |
|
|
DEFINITION:
"BLACKWATER" |
waste water = contains human waste
water from toilet (water closet & urinals) in NYC kitchen-water is considered blackwater (e.g. water from laundry, dishwashers and kitchen sinks) |
|
|
DEFINITION:
"POTABLE WATER" |
drinking water.
|
|
|
DEFINITION:
"NON - POTABLE WATER" |
rainwater and graywater.
|
|
|
DEFINITION:
"FTE" |
--> Full-time Equivalent (estimation of actual building occupancy per day/week, determines number of occupants that will use the fixtures)
CALCULATION: 100 occupants (50 full-time and 50 part-time) 50x40h/week + 50x20h/week -------------------------------------- = 75 FTE 40h/week hours per day = 8h hours per week = 40h a. full-time occupants (8h/day or 40h/week) b. part-time occupants (4h/day or 20h/week) c. transient occupants |
|
|
A LOW-FLOW WATER CLOSET USES _______% LESS WATER THAN A CONVENTIONAL WATER CLOSET.
|
30% LESS
|
