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344 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN APPARATUS DRIVER/ OPERATOR
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1.SAFELY TRANSPORTING FIREFIGHTERS, APPARATUS, AND EQUIPMENT TO AND FROM THE SCENE OF AN EMERGENCY OR OTHER CALL FOR SERVICE.
2.VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY CHECKS |
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SECOND LEADING OCCURRENCE OF FIREFIGHTER FATALITIES
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RESPONDING TO OR RETURNING FROM EMERGENCIES.
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WHICH NFPA STANDARD SETS THE MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR DRIVER/ OPERATORS
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NFPA 1002
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NFPA STANDARD FOR FIREFIGHTER PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
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NFPA 1001
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NFPA 1582
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STANDARD ON COMPREHENSIVE OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL PROGRAM FOR FIRE DEPARTMENTS
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20/40 VISION
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REQUIREMENTS PER NFPA 1582 FOR FIREFIGHTERS TO A HAVE A CORRECTED FAR VISUAL ACUITY
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HEARING REQUIREMENTS OF NFPA 1582
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RECOMMENDS THE REJECTION OF ANY FIREFIGHTER WHO 1.HAS A HEARING LOSS OF 40 DECIBELS OR MORE AT FREQUENCIES OF 500-1000-2000 HZ IN THE UNAIDED EAR.
2. HEARING LOSS GREATER THAN 40 DECIBELS IN ANY ONE OF FOUR FREQUENCIES (500-1000-2000-3000 HZ) IN EITHER EAR |
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COMPONENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM
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1.APPROPIATE CLASSROOM
2.PRACTICAL TRAINING IN THE FIELD 3.TESTING |
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MOST LAWS AND STATUTES CONCERINING MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATION ARE MAINTAINED AT WHAT LEVEL
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STATE OR PROVINCIAL
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DRIVING REGULATIONS PERTAIN TO WHAT ROAD CONDITIONS
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DRY AND CLEAR ROADS
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A FLASHING RED SIGNAL ON A SCHOOL BUS INDICATES
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CHILDREN ARE BEING UNLOADED OR LOADED AND THAT ALL VEHICLES, INCLUDING EMERGENCY VEHICLES, SHOULD STOP
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IF A DRIVER OPERATOR IS FOUND NEGLIGENT IN THE OPERATION OF AN EMERGENCY VEHICLE AND BECOMES INVOLVED IN AN ACCIDENT, WHO IS HELD LIABLE?
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BOTH THE DRIVER AND THE FIRE DEPARTMENT
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CRIMINAL OR CIVIL PROSECUTION CAN OCCUR IF THE DRIVER OPERATOR IS INVOLVED IN AN ACCIDENT
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WHEN HE DOES NOT OBEY STATE, LOCAL OR DEPARTMENTAL DRIVING REGULATIONS
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THE FEDERAL DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ESTABLISHES THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR WHAT?
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THE LISCENSING OF DRIVERS
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WHO HAS THE AUTHORITY TO ALTER NATIONAL DRIVERS GUIDELINES
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STATE OR PROVINCE
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WHAT ARE FIRE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO?
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THE FUNCTIONS WHICH THEY ARE DESIGNED
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MAIN PURPOSE OF A FIRE DEPARTMENT PUMPER
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PROVIDE WATER AT AN ADEQUATE PRESSURE FOR FIRE STREAMS
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NFPA 1901
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STANDARD FOR AUTOMOTIVE FIRE APPARATUS
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MINIMUM PUMP CAPACITY FOR A FIRE ENGINE
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750 GPM
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WHAT NFPA REGULATION SPECIFIES THE MINIMUM PORTABLE EQUIPMENT THAT MUST BE CARRIED ON ALL FIRE DEPARTMENT PUMPERS
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NFPA 1901
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RESCUE PUMPER
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FIRE ENGINES THAT ALSO CARRY RESCUE AND EXTRICATION EQUIPMENT
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TYPES OF FOAM PUMPERS PROPORTIONING SYSTEMS
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1.AROUND THE PUMP
2.DIRECT INJECTION 3.BALANCED PRESSURE FOAM PROPORTIONING SYSTEMS 4.COMPRESSED AIR FOAM SYSTEM (CAFS) |
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MINI PUMPER
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SMALLER, QUICK ATTACK PUMPER THAT DO NOT REQUIRE THE CAPACITY OR PERSONNEL NEEDED FOR A FULL SIZE PUMPER
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COMMON PUMP CAPACITIES OF A MINIPUMPER
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MOST HAVE A PUMP RATED AT 500GPM OR LESS, SOME MAY BE RATED UP TO 1000GPM
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MIDIPUMPERS ARE ALSO KNOW AS
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INTERFACE ENGINES
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MIDIPUMPER
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SMALLER THAN A FULL SIZE PUMPER, BUT LARGER THAN A MINIPUMPER.
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MAIN DIFFERENCES IN A MINIPUMPER VS MIDIPUMPER
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SIZE, PUMP CAPACTIY, AND AMOUNT OF EQUIPMENT CARRIED
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MOBILE WATER SUPPLY APPARATUS
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USED TO TRANSPORT WATER TO AREAS BEYOND A WATER SYSTEM OR WHERE WATER SYSTEMS ARE INADEQUATE
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MINIMUM AMOUNT OF WATER A MOBILE WATER SUPPLY APPARATUS MUST CARRY
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1000 GALLONS
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WHAT CAPACITY ARE SINGLE REAR AXLE VEHICLES GENERALLY LIMITED TO
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1500 GALLONS
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TWO BASIC METHODS A WATER TENDER CAN BE UTULIZED
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1.NURSE TENDER; TENDER IS PARKED AND PUMPERS TAKE WATER FROM IT
2. SHUTTLE OPERATION; THE TENDER DUMPS WATER TO A PORTABLE TANK OR NURSE TENDER, THEN TRAVELS TO REFILL AND REPEAT |
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TACTICAL TENDER/ ATTACK TANKER
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A WATER TENDER EQUIPPED WITH A PUMP CAPABLE OF PERFORMING PUMPER OPERATIONS AND MOBILE WATER SUPPLY
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COMMON WATER TANK SIZE FOR A WILDLAND APPARATUS
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500 GAL
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WILDLAND APPARATUS SYNONYMS
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BRUSH TRUCKS, BRUSH BREAKER, BOOSTER APPARATUS
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ABILITY TO PUMP AND ROLL ALLOWS THIS TATIC
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MOBILE ATTACK
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PTO ON APPARATUS CAPABLE OF PUMP AND ROLLING
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UTILIZES A SEPERATE MOTOR OR POWER TAKE OFF
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MOBILE ATTACK
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APPARATUS IS DRIVEN AND DISCHARGES WATER AT THE SAME TIME
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2 PROPER METHODS OF MOBILE ATTACK
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1.FIREFIGHTERS REMAIN IN THE BLACK WITH HOSE LINES, WALK ALONG SIDE THE PUMPER AND EXTINGUISH FIRES
2.REMOTELY CONTROLLED NOZZLE (FROM INSIDE THE CAB) |
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NFPA 1500 AND OSHA PROHIBIT THIS TYPE OF MOBILE ATTACK
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FIREFIGHTERS RIDING ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE APPARATUS
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GROUND SWEEP NOZZLE
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NOZZLES USED TO PROTECT THE APPARATUS AND EXTINGUISH SMALL VEGETATION FIRES. LOCATED UNDER THE VEHICLE
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AUXILIARY ENGINE DRIVEN PUMP
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TYPE OF PUMP THAT GETS POWER FROM A SOURCE OTHER THAN THE FIRE ENGINE'S ENGINE
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APPARATUS TYPING
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CATEGORIZING OF FIRE APPARATUS BY CAPABILITY IN THE ICS SYSTEM
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QUINT
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APPARATUS EQUIPPED WITH AN AERIAL DEVICE, GROUND LADDERS, FIRE PUMP, WATER TANK AND FIRE HOSE
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A TRUE QUINT'S PUMP RATING
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750 GPM
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NFPA 1901 MINIMUM PUMP CAPACITY ON AN AERIAL APPARATUS
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250 GPM
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LADDER TENDER
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1.SMALLER THAN A TRUE AERIAL
2.MAY HAVE A SMALL PUMP/ WATER TANK (300GPM/ 300 GALLONS) 3.USED TO EXTEND THE WORKING LIFE OF THE AERIAL TRUCK |
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ENGINE TENDER
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RESCUE VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH A SMALL WATER TANK AND PUMP (500GPM OR LESS/ 500 GALLONS OR LESS)
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INVERTER
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STEP UP TRANSFORMER THAT CONVERTS THE VEHICLES 12 OR 24 VOLTS DC INTO110 OR 220 AC. USUALLY CAPABLE OF PROVIDING 1500 WATTS
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MOST COMMON POWER SOURCE USED FOR EMERGENCY SERVICES
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GENERATOR
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LARGEST CAPABILITY OF A PORTABLE GENERATOR
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5000 WATTS
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VEHICLE MOUNTED GENERATOR COMMON CAPACITY
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12000 WATTS
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TWO CATEGORIES OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT
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1. PORTABLE
2. FIXED |
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MAIN FUNCTION FOR FIXED LIGHTING
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OVERALL LIGHTING OF THE EMERGENCY SCENE
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PORTABLE LIGHTS GENERAL RANGE
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300 TO 1000 WATTS
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COMMON SIZE ELECTRIC CORD USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH POWER UNITS
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12 GUAGE 3 WIRE
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TWIST LOCK
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RECEPTACLE END THAT PROVIDES A SAFE AND SECURE CONNECTION
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ALLOWS MULTIPLE ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
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JUNCTION BOX
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OVERTAXING A GENERATOR WILL
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1. GIVE POOR LIGHTING
2.DAMAGE THE UNIT 3.RESTRICT THE OPERATION OF POWER TOOLS |
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LIGHT ON TOP OF JUNCTION BOX
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MAKES FOR EASIER CONNECTIONS IN THE DARK
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ADAPTERS
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ALLOWS EQUIPMENT TO BE PLUGGED INTO STANDARD OUTLETS AND WITH OTHER DEPARTMENTS EQUIPMENT
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MOST COMMONLY USED POWER TOOLS
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HYDRAULIC EXTRICATION TOOLS
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4 BASIC TYPES OF OF POWERED HYDRAULIC EXTRICATION TOOLS
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1. SPREADERS
2. SHEARS 3. COMBINATION SPREADERS AND SHEARS 4. EXTENSION RAMS |
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HYDRAULICS POWER UNITS AND HOSE LENGTH LIMITATIONS
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MOST CAN NOT POWER HOSE LENGTHS GREATER THAN 100 FEET BETWEEN THE TOOL AND POWER UNIT
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MAINTENANCE VS REPAIR
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MAINTENANCE= KEEPING APPARATUS IN A STATE OF USEFULNESS OR READINESS.
REPAIR= RESTORE OR REPLACE THAT WHICH HAS BECOME INOPERABLE |
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WHO IS RESPONSIBLE TO MAKE APPARATUS REPAIRS
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CERTIFIED MECHANIC
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION RECORDS
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1. MAKING WARRANTY CLAIMS
2. EVIDENCE IN ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS 3. AID IN DECISION MAKING OF PURCHASING AN APPARATUS OR CONTINUING TO REPAIR AN OLDER ONE |
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WHAT DOES A CLEAN ENGINE AND CLEAN FUNCTIONAL PARTS PERMIT?
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PROPER INSPECTION
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WHATS DOES KEEPING AN APPARATUS'S BODY CLEAN HELPS PROMOTE ?
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LONGER VEHICLE LIFE
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PROBLEMS OF OVER CLEANING
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REMOVAL OF LUBRICATION FROM THE ENGINE, CHASSIS, PUMP AND OTHER COMPONENTS
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AFTER A HEAVY CLEANING IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO DO WHAT?
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ROUTINE LUBRICATION
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WHY SHOULD AN APPARATUS BE WASHED FREQUENTLY WITH COLD WATER DURING ITS FIRST 6 MONTHS?
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HARDENS THE PAINT AND KEEPS IT FROM SPOTTING
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HOW LONG SHOULD YOU WAIT TO WAX OR POLISH A NEW APPARATUS?
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6 MONTHS
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CIRCLE OR WALK AROUND METHOD OF INSPECTION
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START AT THE DRIVER DOOR CAB AND WORK AROUND IN A CLOCKWISE PATTERN.
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LOCATION THE APPARATUS CHECK OUT SHOULD TAKE PLACE
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OUTSIDE, OR IN A WELL VENTED AREA INDOORS
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WHAT SHOULD THE SPEEDOMETER READ WHILE A VEHICLE IS PARKED BUT ON?
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ZERO OR NEAR ZERO
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WHAT DOES IT INDICATE IF A VEHICLE THAT IS PARKED HAS A SPEEDOMETER READING GREATER THAN ZERO
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1. DEFECTIVE GAUGE
2. THE VEHICLE IS IN PUMP GEAR |
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RULE OF THUMB FOR APPARATUS FUEL LEVEL
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KEEP FUEL LEVEL AT 3/4 AT ALL TIMES
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HEARING PROTECTION
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REQUIRED GREATER THAN 90 DECIBELS
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LOAD SEQUENCER
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TURNS VARIOUS LIGHTS ON AT SPECIFIED INTERVALS SO THAT THE START UP ELECTRICAL LOAD DOES NOT OCCUR AT THE SAME TIME
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LOAD MONITOR
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WATCHES THE SYSTEM FOR ADDED ELECTRICAL LOADS THAT THREATEN TO OVERLOAD THE SYSTEM
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LOAD SHEDDING
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PROCESS WHERE THE LOAD MONITOR SHUTS DOWN LESS IMPORTANT ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT TO PREVENT OVERLOAD
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STEERING WHEEL PLAY
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NO MORE THAN 10 DEGREES IN EITHER DIRECTION
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WHAT DO ANTILOCK BRAKES REDUCE THE CHANCE OF?
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PREVENT THE APPARATUS BEING THROWN INTO A SKID
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NFPA 1901 BRAKING REQUIREMENT
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1.COMPLETE STOP FROM A SPEED OF 20 MPH IN A DISTANCE NOT TO EXCEED 35 FEET
2. PARKING BRAKE MUST HOLD AN APPARATUS ON A 20 PERCENT GRADE |
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AIR TANK FILL TIME PER IFSTA
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60 SECONDS
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AIR HORN WILL NOT OPERATE UNDER WHAT PSI?
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80
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ROAD BRAKE TEST =ALLOW THE APPARATUS TO MOVE FORWARD AT 5MPH THEN PUSH DOWN ON THE PEDAL, WHAT CONSTITUTES A PROBLEM?
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1.VEHICLE PULLS TO ONE SIDE
2. BRAKE PEDAL FEELS MUSHY 3. VEHCILE DOES NOT STOP WITHIN 20 FEET |
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SEALED BATTERY
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REQUIRES NO INTERNAL INSPECTION
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UNSEALED BATTERY
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REQUIRES THE CAPS TO BE REMOVED AND THE ELECTROLYTES BE TESTED
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WHAT TYPE OF WATER IS ADDED TO AN UNSEALED BATTERY?
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DISTILLED
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SAE INDICATES WHAT CHARACTERISTIC OF MOTOR OIL?
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VISCOSITY
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THE FIRST GOAL OF AN APPARATUS OPERATOR
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GET THE APPARATUS AND ITS CREW TO THE SCENE IN AN EXPEDIENT, YET SAFE MANNER
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PERCENTAGE OF FIREFIGHTER DEATHS AND INJURIES ARE CAUSED BY VEHICLE COLLISIONS?
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20 TO 25 PERCENT
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CONDITIONS AND TIME WHEN MOST ACCIDENTS OCCUR?
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DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS ON DRY ROADS
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5 BASIC CAUSES OF APPARATUS ACCIDENTS
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1. IMPROPER BACKING
2. RECKLESS DRIVING BY THE PUBLIC 3. EXCESSIVE SPEED 4. LACK OF SKILL BY THE DRIVER/OPERATOR 5. POOR APPARATUS DESIGN |
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EXAMPLES OF RECKLESS DRIVING
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1. FAILURE TO OBEY POSTED TRAFFIC REG
2. FAILURE TO YIELD TO EMERGENCY VEHICLES 3.EXCESSIVE SPEED 4. UNPREDICTABLE BEHAVIOR BY PANICKED DRIVERS 5. INATTENTIVENESS |
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EXCESSIVE APPARATUS SPEED CAN LEAD TO THE FOLLOWING
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1. CONTROL OF THE APPARATUS IS LOST ON A CURVE OR ADVERSE ROAD CONDITION
2. THE DRIVER/ OPERATOR IS UNABLE TO STOP IN TIME |
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WHY ARE FIRE APPARATUS MORE VULNERABLE TO ROLL OVER ACCIDENTS?
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TOP HEAVY
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FACTORS THAT LEAD TO GREATER BRAKING DISTANCES OF FIRE APPARATUS
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1. WEIGHT(HEAVIER THAN A CAR)
2. AIR BRAKES CAN LAG AS OPPOSED TO HYDRAULIC BRAKES |
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FACTORS OF LACK OF KNOWLEDGE/ SKILL THAT LEAD TO APPARATUS ACCIDENTS
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1. OVERCONFIDENCE
2. INABILITY TO RECOGNIZE A DANGEROUS SITUATION 3. FALSE SENSE OF SECURITY / GOOD DRIVING RECORD 4. MISUNDERSTANDING APPARATUS CAPABILITIES 5.LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ON VEHICLE OPERATION |
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POOR VEHICLE DESIGN ARE GENERALLY WHAT TYPE OF APPARATUS
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"HOME BUILT" OUT OF SURPLUS MILITARY VEHICLES
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YOU SHOULD NOT PASS A VEHICLE ON THIS SIDE
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THE RIGHT
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THE VEHICLE MUST NOT MOVE BEFORE
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ALL PERSONNEL ARE SEATED AND SEATBELTED
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OIL PRESSURE GAUGE AFTER START UP
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SHOULD SHOW A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF PRESSURE WITHIN 5 TO 10 SECONDS AFTER START UP
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ON VEHICLES WITH AUTO TRANSMISSIONS, THE PRESSURE PLACED ON THE ACCELERATOR MAY INFLUENCE
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AUTOMATIC SHIFTING
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LUGGING
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OCCURS WHEN THE THROTTLE IS APPLIED WHILE THE TRANSMISSION IS IN TOO HIGH A GEAR FOR A GIVEN SET OF CONDITIONS
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OVER THROTTLING WITH A DIESEL ENGINE CAUSES FUEL TO
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BE INJECTED AT A RATE FASTER THAN IT CAN BE BURNED
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THE 3 EXCEPTIONS THAT OSHA DOES NOT REQUIRE A SEAT BELT TO BE WORN
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1. WHEN PROVIDING PATIENT CARE IN THE BACK OF AN AMBULANCE
2. LOADING HOSE BACK ONTO A FIRE APPARATUS 3. TRAINING PERSONNEL IN THE TILLER POSITION |
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PLACE WHERE MOST ACCIDENTS OCCUR
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AT INTERSECTIONS
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COMMON VISUAL LEAD TIMES
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12 SECONDS ON CITY STREETS AND 20 SECONDS ON HIGHWAYS
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TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCE
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SUM OF THE DRIVER/ OPERATOR'S REACTION DISTANCE AND THE VEHICLES BRAKING DISTANCE
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REACTION DISTANCE
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DISTANCE THE VEHICLE TRAVELS WHILE A DRIVER TRANSFERRING THE FOOT FROM THE ACCELERATOR TO THE BRAKE PEDAL AFTER PERCEIVING THE NEED TO STOP
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BRAKING DISTANCE
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THE DISTANCE THE VEHICLE TRAVELS FROM THE TIME THE BRAKES ARE APPLIED UNTIL THE APPARATUS COMES TO A COMPLETE STOP
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LAW OF INERTIA
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OBJECTS IN MOTION TEND TO REMAIN IN MOTION, OBJECTS AT REST TEND TO REMAIN AT REST UNLESS ACTED UPON BY AN OUTSIDE FORCE
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WHEN DOES WEIGHT TRANSFER TAKE PLACE
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WHENEVER A VEHICLE UNDERGOES A CHANGE OF SPEED OR DIRECTION
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MOST COMMON CAUSES OF SKIDS
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1. DRIVING TOO FAST FOR ROAD CONDITIONS
2. FAILURE TO APPRECIATE WEIGHT SHIFTS 3. FAILURE TO ANTICIPATE OBSTACLES 4. IMPROPER USE OF AUXILIARY BRAKES 5. IMPROPER MAINTENANCE OF TIRE TREAD DEPTH AND PRESSURE |
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THESE TYPES OF TIRES ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO SKIDS
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OVER INFLATED OR LACKING ADEQUATE TREAD DEPTH
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ANTI LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM (ABS)
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DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN AN ON BOARD COMPUTER MONITORS EACH WHEEL AND CONTROLS PRESSURE TO THE BRAKES.
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WHAT DOES THE ABS DO TO A WHEEL THAT HAS LOCKED UP
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SENSOR RELAYS TO THE COMPUTER THAT A WHEEL IS NOT TURNING (LOCKED UP) AND THE BRAKE PRESSURE IS RELEASED TO ALLOW THE WHEEL TO TURN. ONCE TURNING THE BRAKE REAPPLIES
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PROPER WAY TO APPLY BRAKES IN VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH ABS
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MAINTAIN A STEADY PRESSURE ( DO NOT PUMP)
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AIR BRAKE DELAY
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0.4 SECONDS
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HOW TO DRIVE WHEN A VEHICLE WITHOUT ABS SKIDS
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1. RELEASE THE BRAKES
2.ALLOW THE WHEELS TO ROTATE FREELY 3. TURN SO THAT THE FRONT WHEELS FACE IN THE DIRECTION OF THE SKID 4.ONCE OUT OF THE SKID, GRADUALLY APPLY POWER TO GAIN TRACTION |
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AVOID PASSING VEHICLE ON THIS SIDE
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RIGHT SIDE
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TRAVEL IN THIS LANE ON A MULTILANE ROAD
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INNERMOST, ALLOWS VEHICLES TO MOVE TO THE RIGHT
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THESE AREAS BECOME SLIPPERY FIRST IN ADVERSE WEATHER
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BRIDGES, NORTHERN SLOPE HILLS, SHADED SPOTS
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STOPPING DISTANCE ON SNOW AND ICE
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3 TO 15 TIMES MORE THAN DRY CONCRETE
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SOUNDS THAT ARE MORE LIKELY TO GET THE ATTENTION OF CIVILIAN DRIVERS
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SOUNDS THAT FREQUENTLY CHANGE PITCH, SUCH AS SHORT BURST OF THE AIR HORN AND UP/DOWN OSCILLATION OF THE SIREN.
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AT WHAT SPEED DOES A EMERGENCY VEHICLE OUT RUN ITS EFFECTIVE RANGE
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50 MPH
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SPACING BETWEEN EMERGENCY VEHICLES WHILE RESPONDING CODE 3 ON THE SAME ROUTE
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300 TO 500 FEET
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WHAT EFFECT CAN WARNING LIGHTS AND FLOOD LIGHTS HAVE ON FIREFIGHTER PPE
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REDUCES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REFLECTIVE TRIM ON CLOTHING
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NFPA 1451
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STANDARD FOR A FIRE SERVICE VEHICLE OPERATIONS TRAINING PROGRAM
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PRIMARY FUNCTION OF A FIRE PUMPER ON THE FIRE-GROUND
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PROVIDE WATER FOR FIREFIGHTING OPERATIONS
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BEST LOCATION FOR FIRST ARRIVING APPARATUS WITHOUT EVIDENT FIRE CONDITIONS (INVESTIGATION MODE)
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STOP AT THE BEST ACCESS POINT, USUALLY THE FRONT ENTRANCE. THIS ALLOWS FOR PERSONNEL TO ENTER AND INVESTIGATE.
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WHERE SHOULD THE DRIVER OPERATOR REMAIN DURING INVESTIGATION MODE
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WITH THE APPARATUS, IN STATE OF READINESS TO PULL HOSE OR MAKE CONNECTIONS
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FIRST TACTICAL PRIORITY AT ANY FIRE INCIDENT
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LIFE SAFETY
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CONSIDERATIONS FOR APPARATUS LOCATION WITH EVIDENT FIRE CONDITIONS
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1. DEPARTMENT SOPS
2. RESCUE 3. WATER SUPPLY NEEDS 4. METHOD OF ATTACK. 5. EXPOSURES 6. WIND DIRECTION 7. TERRAIN 8. RELOCATION POTENTIAL |
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WIND DIRECTION AND APPARATUS PLACEMENT
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TRY TO PARK UPWIND TO INCIDENT
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WHY IS A PAVED SURFACE PREFERABLE TO AN UNPAVED SURFACE
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UNPAVED SURFACES CAN CAUSE THE APPARATUS TO BECOME STUCK IF THE GROUND BECOMES WET
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BENEFITS OF PARKING UPHILL FROM AN INCIDENT
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1. LESS STRAIN ON THE PUMP
2. ELIMINATES HAZARDOUS RUN OFF TOWARDS THE VEHICLE |
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INCIDENTS WHICH YOU DO NOT WANT TO PARK UPHILL FROM THE INCIDENT
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WILDLAND FIRES
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WHY SHOULD SUPPLY HOSE BE LAID TO THE SIDE OF THE STREET
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1. ONCE CHARGED IT IS HEAVY AND HARD TO MOVE
2. PREVENTS APPARATUS FROM RUNNING OVER IT |
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COLLAPSE ZONE
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1 AND 1/2 THE BUILDING HEIGHT
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BENEFITS OF PLACING THE APPARATUS AT A BUILDING CORNER
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1. SAFEST POSITION IN THE EVENT OF A BUILDING COLLAPSE
2. OPTIMAL PLACEMENT FOR AERIAL |
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SIGNS OF BUIDLING COLLAPSE
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1. BULGING WALLS
2. LARGE EXTERIOR CRACKS 3. FALLING BRICKS 4. INTERIOR COLLAPSE |
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WHY SHOULD PREFERENTIAL APPARATUS PLACEMENT BE GIVEN TO THE TRUCK
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THE TRUCK AERIAL HAS A FIXED REACH, BUT AN ENGINE WILL HAVE THE ABILITY TO PULL MORE HOSE TO GAIN POSITION
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APPARATUS PLACEMENT IN LOW RISE BUILDINGS
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ENGINE INSIDE (CLOSEST TO BUILDING), TRUCK OUTSIDE
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APPARATUS PLACEMENT IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
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TRUCK ON THE INSIDE (CLOSEST TO THE BUILDING), ENGINE ON THE OUTSIDE
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COMMON PLACEMENT FOR FDC
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NEAR FIRE HYDRANT
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STEAMER OR INTAKE HEADER CONNECTION
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LARGE DIAMETER CONNECTION OF A FIRE HYDRANT
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GOOD WAY TO PREVENT KINKS IN LDH
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2 FULL TWISTS BEFORE CONNECTING TO HYDRANTS
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TANDEM PUMPING
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SHORT FORM OF RELAY PUMPING. PUMPERS ARE POSITIONED CLOSE TO EACH OTHER TO INCREASE PRESSURE
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NFPA 1962
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STANDARD FOR INSPECTION, CARE AND USE OF FIRE HOSE, COUPLINGS, AND NOZZLES AND THE SERVICE TESTING OF HOSE
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DUAL UMPING VS TANDEM PUMPING
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DUAL = PUMPERS ARE CONNECTED INTAKE TO INTAKE
TANDEM = PUMPER CONNECTED TO SUPPLY PUMPS THROUGH A DISCHARGE TO THE OTHER |
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DUAL PUMPING
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ONE STRONG HYDRANT SUPPLIES 2 PUMPERS
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WILDLAND/ URBAN INTERFACE
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THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE WILDLAND AND STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT
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CONSIDERATIONS FOR APPARATUS PLACEMENT DOING STRUCTURE PROTECTION DURING A WILDLAND FIRE
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1. POSITION OFF THE ROADWAY TO AVOID BLOCKAGE
2. SCRAPE AWAY FUEL 3. POSITION ON THE LEE SIDE TO MINIMIZE SMOKE AND HEAT EXSPOSURE 4. KEEP CLOSE, BUT NOT TOO CLOSE TO THE STRUCTURE 5.KEEPS DOORS AND WINDOWS CLOSED 6.PUT THE AC IN RECIRCULATING MODE 7. DO NOT PARK NEAR POWER LINES, TREES, LPG TANKS OR STRUCTURES THAT MAY BURN |
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ANCHOR POINT
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A NATURAL OR MAN MADE BARRIER THAT WILL PREVENT FIRE FROM ENCIRCLING THE ENGINE AND CREW
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SPOTTERS
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USED IN CONDITIONS OF LOW VISIBILITY, THEY WALK AHEAD OF THE ENGINE TO LOCATE AND AVOID OBSTACLES
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CONSIDERATIONS FOR APPARATUS OPERATED AT STATIONARY OPERATIONS DURING WILDLAND FIREFIGHTING
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1. PARK FOR MAX PROTECTION FROM FLAME/ HEAT
2. LOOK FOR NATURAL OR MAN MADE BREAKS SUCH AS STREAMS OR ROADS FOR PARKING SPOTS 3. CONSIDER POTENTIAL HAZARDS SUCH AS TREES/ ROCKS 4. UTILIZE A SHORT CHARGED1 1/2 OR 1 3/4 LINE FOR PROTECTION 5. POSITION APPARATUS TO FACE THE EXIT 6. CHOCK THE TIRES |
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DRIVING APPARATUS ACROSS BRIDGES
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DO NOT CROSS UNLESS IT IS KNOWN THAT THE BRIDGE IS STRONG ENOUGH TO SUPPORT THE VEHICLES WEIGHT
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WILDLAND APPARATUS ARE BACKED IN
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TO FACILITATE A RAPID EXIT
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HOSELINES UTLIZED IN A PUMP AND ROLL
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SHOULD BE KEPT AS SHORT AS POSSIBLE
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WATER TANK DURING PUMP AND ROLL
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A SMALL PORTION SHOULD BE RESERVED FOR CREW SAFETY
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FIRE THAT SPREAD RAPIDLY UPHILL
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SHOULD NOT BE ATTACKED FROM THE FRONT, ONLY FROM THE FLANKS
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WINDOWS DURING WILDLAND OPERATIONS
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SHOULD BE ROLLED UP TO PREVENT EMBERS FROM ENTERING THE CAB
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DRIVING INTO UNBURNED FUELS
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DO NOT DRIVE INTO AREAS WITH FUEL LENGTH HIGHER THAN THE BUMPER OR RUNNING BOARDS WITHOUT USING A SPOTTER
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SAFEST AREA OF OPERATION IN A WILDLAND SITUATION
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IN THE BLACK
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DRIVING THROUGH SMOKE
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SHOULD BE AVOIDED, IF UNAVOIDABLE DRIVE SLOWLY AND USE HORN/ SIRENS INTERMITTENTLY, USE HEADLIGHTS/ WARNING LIGHTS
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LEVEL I STAGING
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INITIAL RESPONSE STAGING WHEN MORE THAN ONE COMPANY IS UTILIZED.
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LEVEL II STAGING
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IS USED WHEN A LARGE NUMBER OF EMERGENCY VEHICLES ARE RESPONDING IN THE SAME INCIDENT.
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WHO REQUESTS LEVEL II STAGING
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OPS SECTION CHIEF OR THE IC
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STAGING MANAGER
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1. USED IN LEVEL II
2. USUALLY THE FIRST ARRIVING OFFICER TO THE STAGING AREA 3. COMMUNICATES RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND NEEDS TO THE IC OR PLANNING SECTION 4. HIS VEHICLE SHOULD BE CLEARLY MARKED AND POSITION NEAR THE ENTRANCE |
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TIME ALLOTTED TO RESPOND TO THE EMERGENCY FROM LEVEL II STAGING
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3 MINS
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USING LIGHTS/ SIRENS ON THE HIGHWAY
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1. SHOULD NOT BE USED EXCEPT TO CLEAR SLOW MOVING TRAFFIC
2. ON SCENE USE A MINIMUM OF WARNING LIGHT TO PREVENT THE DISTRACTION OF DRIVERS |
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APPARATUS PLACEMENT ON THE HIGHWAY
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1. APPARATUS SHOULD BE PLACED BETWEEN THE FLOW OF TRAFFIC AND THE FF'S WORKING (SHIELD)
2.POSITION AT AN ANGLE SO THE OPERATOR IS PROTECTED BY THE TAILBOARD 3.TURN WHEELS AWAY FROM THE FF'S WORKING 4. CONSIDER AN ADDITIONAL UNIT 150 TO 200 FEET BEHIND THE SHIELDING APPARATUS AS ADDITIONAL PROTECTION FOR FF'S |
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FIRST ARRIVING APPARATUS AT A HAZMAT
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1.SHOULD NEVER BE DRIVEN DIRECTLY INTO THE SCENE WITHOUT IDENTIFYING THE MATERIAL
2. STOP WELL SHORT OF THE INCIDENT 3. DO NOT STOP OVER MANHOLE COVERS 4. APPROACH UPHILL AND UPWIND |
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HOT ZONE
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1. AREA CLOSEST TO THE RELEASE OF CONTAMINANTS
2.ZONE EXTENDS FAR ENOUGH TO PREVENT PEOPLE FROM SUFFERING THE ILL EFFECTS/ HARM FROM THE MATERIALS BEING RELEASE 3.AKA: RED ZONE, EXCLUSION ZONE, RESTRICTED ZONE |
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WARM ZONE
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1.IN BETWEEN THE HOT AND COLD ZONES
2. CONSIDERED SAFE FOR WORKER TO BRIEFLY ENTER WITHOUT SPECIAL PPE 3.USED TO SUPPORT AND DECON WORKERS IN THE RED ZONE 4. AKA; CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE, LIMITED ACCESS ZONE, YELLOW ZONE |
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COLD ZONE
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1. USED TO CARRY OUT ALL OTHER SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
2. NO SPECIAL PPE REQUIRED 3. THE IC, STAGING MANAGER, TRIAGE/ TX ARE USUALLY LOCATED HERE 4. AKA: SUPPORT ZONE, GREEN ZONE |
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WHEN RESPONDING TO REPEATED BOMB THREATS
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AVOID STAGING IN THE SAME PLACE
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AMBULANCE AND APPARATUS POSITIONING
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1.ALLOW THE AMBULANCE THE BEST POSITION FOR PATIENT LOADING
2. POSITION THE APPARATUS TO BLOCK FOR THE AMBULANCE |
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POSITION OF APPARATUS IN REGARD TO STRATEGY
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OTHER ON SCENE APPARATUS SHOULD BE POSITIONED TO SUPPORT THE EFFORTS OF THOSE MOST DIRECTLY INVOLVED
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WATER'S WEIGHT PER UNIT OF VOLUME
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DENSITY
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UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR THE DENSITY OF WATER
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POUNDS PER CUBIC FOOT
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WATER AT ITS HEAVIEST
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1. APPROX 62.4LB/ FT3
2. CLOSE TO ITS FREEZING POINT |
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WATER AT ITS LIGHTEST
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1. APPROX 60LB/ FT3
2. CLOSE TO ITS BOILING POINT |
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GENERAL WEIGHT OF WATER ( FOR FD PURPOSES)
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1. 62.5LB/FT3
2. 8.33 LBS PER GALLON |
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PRIMARY METHODS IN WHICH WATER EXTINGUISHES FIRE
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COOLING OR ABSORBING HEAT. WATER ALSO SMOTHERS OR EXCLUDES OXYGEN
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TYPE OF COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS IN WHICH WATER CAN BE USED AS A SMOTHERING AGENT
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COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS WITH A SPECIFIC GRAVITY HIGHER THAN 1
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SPECIFIC HEAT
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MEASURE OF THE HEAT ABSORBING CAPACITY OF A SUBSTANCE
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1BTU = ? KJ
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1.005 KJ
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1 CALORIE= ? JOULES
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4.19 JOULES
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SPECIFIC HEAT OF ANY SUBSTANCE
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RATIO BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF HEAT NEEDED TO RAISE THE TEMP OF A SPECIFIC QUANTITY OF A MATERIAL AND THE AMOUNT OF HEAT NEEDED TO RAISE THE TMP OF AN IDENTICAL QUANTITY BY THE SAME NUMBER OF DEGREES
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LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
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QUANTITY OF HEAT ABSORBED BY A SUBSTANCE WHEN IT CHANGES FROM A LIQUID TO A VAPOR
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NUMBER OF BTU'S TO CONVERT WATER INTO STEAM COMPLETELY
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970 BTU
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AMOUNT OF BTU'S ABSORBED PER GALLON OF WATER GETTING TO ITS BOILING POINT
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1266 BTU
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AMOUNT OF BTU'S ABSORBED PER GALLON IF ALL WATER CONVERTS TO STEAM
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9346 BTU
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THE SPEED AT WHICH WATER ABSORBS HEAT IS IN PROPORTION TO
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WATER SURFACE AREA EXPOSED TO HEAT
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AT 212 DEGREES F WATER EXPANSION
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1700 TIMES ITS ORIGINAL VOLUME
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VISCOSITY
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THE TENDENCY OF A LIQUID TO POSSES INTERNAL RESISTANCE TO FLOW
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SPECIFIC GRAVITY
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DENSITY OF LIQUID IN RELATION TO WATER
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WATER'S SPECIFIC GRAVITY
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1
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LIQUIDS' SPECIFIC GRAVITY IN RELATION TO WATER
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1. LESS THAN 1 = FLOATS
2. GREATER THAN 1 = SINKS 3. EQUALS 1 = MIX EVENLY WITH WATER |
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ADVANTAGES OF WATER AS AN EXTINGUISHING AGENT
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1. GREATER HEAT ABSORBING CAPACITY
2. ABSORBS A LARGE AMOUNT OF HEAT DUE TO AMOUNT OF HEAT TO CONVERT LIQUID TO STEAM 3.WATER SURFACE AREA CAN BE EXPANDED BY A FOG 4. STEAM OCCUPIES 1700 TIMES ITS ORIGINAL VOLUME 5. WATER IS PLENTIFUL AND INEXPSENSIVE |
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DISADVANTAGES OF WATER AS AN EXTINGUISHING AGENT
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1. HIGH SURFACE TENSION (DOES NOT SOAK WELL)
2. WATER CAN REACT WITH CERTAIN METALS 3. LOW LEVELS OF OPACITY AND REFLECTIVITY (ALLOWS RADIANT HEAT TO PASS THROUGH IT) 4. FREEZES AT 32 DEGREES F 5. CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY |
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PRESSURE
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FORCE PER UNIT AREA EXPRESSED BY PSI, POUNDS PER FOOT OR KILOPASCALS
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FORCE
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SIMPLE MEASURE OF WEIGHT. EXPRESSED IN POUNDS OR KILOGRAMS
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WEIGHT OF 1 CUBIC FOOT OF WATER
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62.5 POUNDS
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WEIGHT AND PRESSURE OF WATER IN A 1 SQ INCH COLUMN 1 FT HIGH
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1. 0.434 POUNDS
2. 0.434 PSI |
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VELOCITY
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THE SPEED AT WHICH FLUID TRAVELS THROUGH PIPE OR HOSE
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SIX PRINCIPLE OF PRESSURE
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1. FLUID PRESSURE IS PERPENDICULAR TO ANY SURFACE ON WHICH IT ACTS
2. FLUID PRESSURE AT REST HAS NO DIRECTION 3. PRESSURE APPLIED TO A CONFINED FLUID FROM WITHOUT IS TRANSMITTED EQUALLY IN ALL DIRECTIONS 4. PRESSURE IN AN OPEN VESSEL IS PROPORTIONAL TO ITS DEPTH 5. PRESSURE IN AN OPEN VESSEL IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE DENSITY OF THE LIQUID 6. PRESSURE OF A LIQUID ON THE BOTTOM OF A VESSEL IS INDEPENDENT OF ITS SHAPE |
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ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
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1. PRESSURE EXERTED ON EVERYTHING ON EARTH
2. 14.7 PSI ( AT SEA LEVEL0 3. GREATEST AT LOW ALTITUDES 4. LEAST AT VERY HIGH ALTITUDES |
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HEAD PRESSURE
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HEIGHT OF A WATER SUPPLY ABOVE THE DISCHARGE ORIFICE
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STATIC PRESSURE
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STORED POTENTIAL ENERGY AVAILABLE TO FORCE WATER THROUGH PIPE, FITTINGS, FIRE HOSE AND ADAPTERS
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NORMAL OPERATING PRESSURE
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PRESSURE FOUND IN A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
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RESIDUAL PRESSURE
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PART OF THE TOTAL AVAILABLE PRESSURE NOT USED TO OVERCOME FRICTION LOSS OR GRAVITY WHILE FORCING WATER THROUGH PIPE, FITTINGS, FIRE HOSE AND ADAPTERS
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FLOW PRESSURE
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FORWARD VELOCITY PRESSURE AT DISCHARGE OPENING WHILE WATER IS FLOWING
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ELEVATION
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REFERS TO THE CENTER LINE OF THE PUMP OR THE BOTTOM OF A STATIC WATER SUPPLY SOURCE ABOVE OR BELOW GROUND LEVEL
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ALTITUDE
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POSITION OF AN OBJECT ABOVE OR BELOW SEA LEVEL
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ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE (ABOVE SEA LEVEL) DECREASE EVERY 1000 FT
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1/2 PSI
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FRICTION LOSS
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TOTAL PRESSURE LOST WHILE FORCING WATER THROUGH PIPE, FITTINGS, FIRE HOSE AND ADAPTERS
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CAUSES OF FRICTION LOSS IN FIRE HOSE
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1. MOVEMENT OF WATER MOLECULES AGAINST EACH OTHER
2. LININGS IN THE HOSE 3. COUPLINGS 4. SHARP BENDS 5. CHANGE IN HOSE SIZE OR ORIFICES BY ADAPTERS 6. IMPROPER GASKET SIZE |
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FRICTION LOSS IN OLD FIRE HOSE
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UP TO 50 PERCENT
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COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
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THE ROUGHER THE INNER SURFACE OF PIPE THE MORE FRICTION OCCURS
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CAUSES OF FRICITON LOSS IN PIPING SYSTEMS
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1. MOVEMENT OF WATER MOLECULES AGAINST EACH OTHER
2. INSIDE SURFACE OF THE PIPING 3. PIPE FITTINGS 4. BENDS 5. CONTROL VALVES |
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1ST PRINCIPLE OF FRICTION LOSS (FL)
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IF ALL OTHER CONDITONS ARE THE SAME FL VARIES DIRECTLY WITH THE LENGTH OF THE HOSE OR PIPE
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2ND PRINCIPLE OF FL
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WHEN HOSES ARE THE SAME SIZE FL VARIES APPROXIMATELY WITH THE SQUARE OF THE INCREASE IN THE VELOCITY OF FLOW. FL DEVELOPS MUCH FASTER THAN THE CHANGE IN VELOCITY
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3RD PRINCIPLE OF FL
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FOR THE SAME DISCHARGE FL VARIES INVERSELY AS 5TH POWER OF THE DIAMETER OF THE HOSE
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4H PRINCIPLE OF FL
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FOR A GIVEN FLOW VELOCITY, FL, IS APPROXIMATELY THE SAME, REGARDLESS OF THE PRESSURE ON THE WATER
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AS FIRE HOSE BECOMES SMALLER WHAT HAPPENS TO ITS VELOCITY
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INCREASES
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FLOW PRESSURES' HIGHEST AND LOWEST POINTS
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HIGHEST= NEAR THE SUPPLY SOURCE
LOWEST= FARTHEST POINT IN THE SYSTEM |
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WHEN DIAMETER OF HOSE DOUBLES THE AREA OF THE HOSE OPENING INCREASE
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FOUR TIMES
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CRICTICAL VELOCITY
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TURBULENCE CAUSED BY FRICTION LOSS SURPACING THE VELOCITY OF A FIRE STREAM
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A HOSE LAYOUT THAT AFFECT FRICITION LOSS
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HOSE LENGTH, HOSE DIAMETER, SHARP BENDS
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HOSE DIAMETER LARGER THAN------ CAN NOT BE USED FOR HAND LINES
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3INCHES
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WATER HAMMER
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THE SUDDEN STOPPING OF WATER MOVING THROUGH A HOSE OR PIPE THAT CAUSES AN ENERGY SURGE IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION
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DEAD END FIRE HYDRANT
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RECIEVES WATER FROM ONLY ONE DIRECTION
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LOOPED OR CIRCULATING FEED HYDRANTS
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RECIEVES WATER FROM TWO OR MORE DIRECTIONS
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2 MOST COMMON TYPES OF INDICATOR VALVES
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1. PIV
2. OS AND Y |
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FIRE STREAM
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STREAM OF WATER OR EXTINGUISHING AGENT AFTER IT LEAVES A NOZZLE UNTIL IT REACHES THE DESIRED POINT
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE A FIRE STREAM AS IT PASSES THROUGH SPACE
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VELCOITY, GRAVITY, WIND AND FRICITON WITH THE AIR
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SOLID STREAM
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1. PRODUCED FROM A FIXED ORIFICE, SMOOTHBORE
2. DESIGNED TO PRODUCE A STREAM AS COMPACT WITH LITTLE SHOWER OR SPRAY 3. HAS THE ABILITY TO REACH AREAS THAT OTHER STREAMS MIGHT NOT REACH |
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FLOW FROM A SOLID STREAM FORMULA
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GPM= 29.7 X D SQUARED X SQUARE ROOT OF NOZZLE PRESSURE
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FOG STREAM
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1.STREAM OF WATER BROKEN INTO FINELY DIVIDED PARTICLES.
2. A STREAM WITH A SOLID MASS HITS A DEFLECTION STEM TO MAKE A FOG |
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PERIPHERY
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THE LINE BOUNDING A ROUNDED SURFACE; THE OUTWARD BOUNDARY OF AN OBJECT DISTINGUISHED FROM ITS INTERNAL REGIONS
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DEFLECTION
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TURNING FROM A STRAIGHT LINE OR GIVEN COURSE; A BENDING OR DEVIATION
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IMPINGE
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STRIKE OR DASH ABOUT OR AGAINST; CLASHING WITH A SHARP COLLISION; COME TOGETHER WITH A FORCE
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REACH OF A FOG STREAM DEPENDS ON
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1. WIDTH OF THE STREAM
2. SIZE OPF WATER DROPLETS 3. WIND 4. AMOUNT OF WATER FLOWING |
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MINIMUM GPM FLOW FOR A FOG NOZZLE
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95- 100 GPM
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GENERAL MAX FLOW OF WATER THAT CAN SAFELY FLWO FROM A HANDLINE
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350 GPM
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MASTER STREAM
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ANY FIRE STREAM THAT IS TO LARGE TO BE CONTROLLED WITHOUT MECHANICAL AID
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SHARP BENDS IN A MASTER STREAM APPLIANCE
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ALLOW FOR ADJUSTMENT (VERTICAL OR HORIZONTAL) OF A FIXED MASTER STREAM
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3 BASIC MONITOR TYPES
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1. FIXED
2. PORTABLE 3. COMBINATION |
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NOZZLE REACTION
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AS WATER IS DISCHARGED FROM A NOZZLE, A FORCE PUSHES BACK ON THE FIREFIGHTERS HANDLING THE NOZZLE
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NEWTONS THIRD LAW OF MOTION
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FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE REACTION
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FORMULA TO CALCULATE NOZZLE REACTION
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1. SOLID STREAM NOZZLE REACTION = 1.57 X D SSQ X NOZZLE PRESSURE
2. FOG NOZZLE REACTION = 0.0505 X Q (TOTAL FLOW) X SQ ROOT OF NOZZLE PRESSURE |
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WATER EXERTS A PRESSURE OF --- PER FOOT OF ELEVATION
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.434 PSI
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PRIMING PUMP
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POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP ( CAN PUMP AIR AND WATER)
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PISTON PUMP
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1. TYPE OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
2. MOVES BACK AND FORTH OR UP AND DOWN 3. OUTPUT IS DETERMINED BY PISTON SIZE AND SPEED OF CYLINDER |
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ROTARY GEAR
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1.PUMP CONSISTING OF 2 GEARS THAT ROTATE IN A TIGHTLY MESHED PATTERN OF A WATER TIGH CASE
2. AMOUNT PUMP DEPENDS ON SIZE OF THE POCKET IN THE GEAR AND SPEED OF ROTATION |
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ROTARY VANE
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1. MOVABLE ELEMENTS THAT AUTO COMPENSATE FOR WEAR AND MAINTAIN A TIGHTER FIT
2. ROTOR IS MOUNTED OFF CENTER INSIDE THE HOUSING |
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
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1. NON POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
2.IMPARTS VELOCITY AND CONVERTS IT TO PRESSURE 3. THE FASTER THE SPIN THE FURTHER WATER IS THROWN 4. CAN NOT PUMP AIR/ NOT SELF PRIMING |
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IMPELLER
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1.TRANSMITS ENERGY IN THE FORM OF VELOCITY TO WATER
2. 2000 TO 4000RPM 3. MOUNTED OFF CENTER IN THE CASING 4. THE GREATER THE SPEED THE GREATER THE PRESSURE |
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CASING
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1. COLLECTS WATER AND CONFINES IT
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EYE OF THE IMPELLER
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1. WHERE WATER ENTERS
2. VOLUME CAPABILITY IS DEPENDENT ON EYE SIZE |
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VOLUTE
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1.WATER PASSAGE THAT GRADUALLY INCREASES IN SIZE FROM THE IMPELLER TO THE DISCHARGE OUTLET
2. REDUCES THE VELOCITY OF THE WATER AS IT APPROACHES DISCHARGE |
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3 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DISCHARGE PRESSURE
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1. AMOUNT OF WATER BEING DISCHARGED
2. SPEED AT WHICH THE IMPELLER TURNS 3.PRESSURE OF THE WATER ENTERING THE PUMP |
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PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE
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INCOMING PRESSURE + NET PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE= PUMP DISCHARGE
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IMPELLER SPEED RATIO TO PRESSURE CREATED
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1. SQUARE OF THE CHANGE
2. IE DOUBLING SPEED QUADRUPLES PRESSURE |
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SINGLE STAGE
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1. ONE IMPELLER
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MULTISTAGE
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1. ONE IMPELLER FOR EVERY STAGE MOUNTED IN A SINGLE HOUSING
2. PUMPS IN PARALLEL OR PRESSURE 3. TRANSFER VALVE |
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PARALLEL PUMPING
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1. VOLUME
2. EACH IMPELLER RECEIVES WATER AND DELIVERS IT TO THE DISCHARGE |
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SERIES PUMPING
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1. PRESSURE
2. THE FIRST IMPELLER RECEIVES WATER AND SENDS IT UNDER PRESSURE TO NEXT |
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SPACING BETWEEN THE PUMP CASING AND IMPELLER'S HUB
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.01 INCH, ANYMORE DECREASES THE PUMP'S EFFECTIVENESS
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FIRST INDICATION OF PUMP WEAR
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INCREASED RPM IS REQUIRED FOR PUMP TO REACH ITS RATED CAPACITY
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WEAR RINGS
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USED TO MAINTAIN THE SPACING BEWTWEEN THE CASING AND IMPELLER
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PUMP PACKING
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1. RINGS MADE OF ROPE FIBER IMPREGNATED WITH GRAPHITE OR LEAD
2. USED TO MAKE AN AIRTIGHT SEAL BETWEEN THE SHAFT AS IT PASSES THROUGH THE PUMP CASING 3. ALLOWS A SMALL AMOUNT OF LEAKAGE TO PREVENT OVER HEATING. 4. TOO MUCH LEAKING WILL NOT ALLOW A DRAFT |
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POWER TAKE OFF
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1. PTO
2.PUMP IS DRIVEN BY A DRIVESHAFT THAT IS CONNECTED PTO ON THE TRANSMISSION |
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FULL TORQUE PTO
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ALLOWS FOR LARGE GPM PUMPS UP TO 1250
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ADVANTAGES OF A REAR MOUNT PUMP
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1. MORE EVEN WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION
2. ALLOWS FOR MORE COMPARTMENT SPACE |
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DISADVANTAGE OF REAR MOUNT PUMP
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EXPOSED TO TRAFFIC
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HYDROSTATIC TEST FOR PUMPERS PIPING SYTEM
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MUST BE ABLE TO WITHSTAND HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF 500 PSI BEFORE BEING PLACED IN SERVICE
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PER NFPA 1901 PIPING SIZE FOR CAPACITES OF 500 GPM
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250 GPM FROM THE BOOSTER TANK ( GREATER THAN 500GPM CAPACITY SHOULD FLOW 500 GPM FROM BOOSTER TANK)
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PIPING SHAPE TO ELIMINATE A VORTEX
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INTAKE HOSE IS ROUND WHERE THE HOSE CONNECTS TO IT, BUT TAPERS TO A SQUARE SHAPE
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NFPA 1901 AND NUMBER OF 2 1/2" DISCHARGES
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ENOUGH 2 1/2 OR LARGER OUTLETS MUST BE PROVIDED IN ORDER TO FLOW THE RATED CAPACITY
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DISCHARGES GREATER THAN 2 1/2" AND PUMP PANEL
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MAY NOT BE DIRECTLY LOCATED ON THE PUMP PANEL
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DISCHARGES VALVES SHOULD BE EASILY OPERATED WITH PRESSURE UP TO
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250 PSI
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NFPA 1901: VALVES ON INTAKES AND DISCHARGES GREATER THAN 3"
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MUST BE EQUIPPED WITH SLOW ACTING CONTROL VALVES ( 3SECOND MIN)
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PUMP DRAIN LOCATIONS
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LOWEST POINT ON THE PUMP AND EACH LINE
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MAIN FEATURE OF PRESSURE GOVERNOR
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REGULATES THE POWER OUTPUT OF THE ENGINE TO MATCH PUMP DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS.
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ELECTRONIC GOVERNORS
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1.ADJUST THE ENGINE RPM, BUT MAINTAIN THE SAME DISCHARGE PRESSURE ON THE LINES STILL FLOWING
2. PRESSURE SENSING ELEMENT THAT DRIVES AN ELECTRIC MOTOR TO CHANG THE THROTTLE SETTING |
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POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PRIMER
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1. USES AN OIL SUPPLY TO SEAL ANY GAPS BETWEEN GEARS AND THE CASE
2. REQUIRES A VENT IN THE OIL/ FLUID LINE (BREAKS THE SIPHON) |
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MASTER INTAKE GUAGE
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1. AKA VACUUM OR COMPOUND GUAGE
2. CONNECTED TO THE INTAKE SIDE OF THE PUMP 3. MUST BE ABLE TO MEASURE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PRESSURE 4.0-600 PSI POSITIVE PRESSURE 5.0-30 INCHES NEGATIVE (VACUUM) 6. GIVES AN INDICATION OF RESIDUAL PRESSURE |
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BEST FIRE HYDRANTS
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LOCATED ON LARGE WATER MAINS THAT ARE INTERCONNECTED ON A GRID
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WORST FIRE HYDRANTS
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LOCATED DEAD END MAINS
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PUMPER CONNECTED TO THE HYDRANT AND NOT DISCHARGING WATER, READING ON THE INTAKE
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STATIC PRESSURE
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PUMPER DISCHARGING WATER READING ON THE INTAKE GUAGE
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RESIDUAL PRESSURE
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STATIC WATER SOURCE LEVEL IN RELATION TO THE PUMP
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SOURCE MUST BE LOWER THAN THE PUMP
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SUCTION HOSE USED IN DRAFTING
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MUST BE NON COLLAPSABLE
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ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AT SEA LEVEL
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14.7 PSI
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NEGATIVE PRESSURE OF 2 PSI ON THE INTAKE GUAGE CAUSES WATER TO RISE
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4.6 FEET
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CAVITATION
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WATER IS BEING DISCHARGED FROM THE PUMP FASTER THAN ITS COMING IN
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MAX AMOUNT OF VACUUM MOST PUMPS CAN DELIVER
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22 INCHES
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INDICATIONS THAT CAVITATION IS OCCURRING
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1. PULSATING HOSE STREAMS
2. PRESSURE GUAGE ON THE PUMP FLUCTUATION 3. SPUTTERING OR POPPING IS HEARD AS THE WATER LEAVES THE HOSE 4. NOISY PUMP (SOUND OF GRAVEL) 5. LACK OF REACTION ON THE PRESSURE GUAGE TO CHANGES IN THE THROTTLE SETTING (BEST INDICATOR) |
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1 FOOT OF LIFT = INCHES OF MERCURY
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.885 INCHES
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MAX THEORETICAL LIFT
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33.8 FEET
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ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DECREASE PER 1000 FEET OF ELEVATION
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1/2 PSI
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REQUIRED VACUUM FOR PRIMER
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22 INCHES OF MERCURY
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MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR OF CHOOSING A DRAFT SOURCE
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AMOUNT OF WATER AVAILABLE
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MINIMUM AMOUNT OF CLEARANCE AROUND A DRAFTING STRAINER
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2 FEET ALL AROUND
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HOW TO PREVENT THE WHIRLPOOL EFFECT NEAR A STRAINER THATS DRAFTING
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ADD A BEACH BALL OR SIMILAR BUOYANT OBJECT THAT FLOATS
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WHY SHOULD THE PUMP BE FLUSHED WITH CLEAN WATER AFTER DRAFTING
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MOST STATIC SOURCES WILL CONTAIN DEBRIS SUCH AS SAND THAT WILL INCREASE THE TOLERANCE AROUND THE EYE OF THE IMPELLER, CAUSING LEAKS AND AN INABILITY TO DRAFT
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MAX EFFECTIVE LIFT
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ABOUT 20 FEET AND SUPPLIES ABOUT 60 PERCENT OF RATED CAPACITY
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PRIMING PUMP + BEST ENGINES RPM
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1000-1200 RPM
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1 INCH OF VACUUM ON THE COMPOUND GAUGE IS EQUAL TO HOW MANY FEET OF LIFT?
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1 FOOT
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INDICATIONS A PUMP IS PRIMED
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1. HARD INTAKE HOSE DROPS/ BECOMES HEAVY
2. WATER DISCHARGING ON THE GROUND FROM THE PRIMER. 3. PRESSURE INDICATION ON THE MASTER DISCHARGE |
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LENGTH OF TIME TO PRIME
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1. TYPICALLY 10-5 SECONDS
2.MAX OF 30 SECONDS 3. UP TO 45 SECONDS ON PUMPERS GREATER THAN 1250 GPM |
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MOST COMMON SOURCE OF AIR LEAKS DURING PRIMING
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OPEN DRAINS AND VALVES
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SMALL STREAM FLOWING AT ALL TIMES DURING PRIMING
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CAN PREVENT LOSING A PRIME
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FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION
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1.SIAMESE OF TWO 2 1/2" FEMALE CONNECTIONS OR ONE LARGE SEXLESS CONNECTION TO A CLAPPER VALVE
2. SUPPLIES THE BUILDINGS SPRINKLER SYSTEM |
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GENERAL RULE OF THUMB OF PUMPERS USED TO SUPPLY A SPRINKLER SYSTEM
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ONE 1000 GPM PMPER PER 50 FLOWING SPRINKLER HEADS
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PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURES EXCESS OF --- PSI ARE NOT ENCOURAGED ON A STANDPIPE SYSTEM, UNLESS DESIGNED FOR HIGHER PRESSURE
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200 PSI
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LIFT
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ELEVATION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE STATIC WATER SOURCE AND PUMP INTAKE, WITH THE PUMP BEING HIGHER THAN THE SOURCE
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DRAFTING
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THE PROCESS OF A PUMPER TAKING WATER FROM A STATIC SOURCE
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PRIMING PUMP EXHAUSTS THE AIR FROM AN INTAKE HOSE AND FIRE PUMP, CREATING A NEGATIVE PRESSURE (LESS THAN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE)
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CREATING A VACUUM
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THEORETICAL LIFT
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1. NOT POSSIBLE BY A FIRE DEPT PUMPER
2. A TOTAL VACUUM AT SEA LEVEL 3. 33.8 FEET |
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MAXIMUM LIFT
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1. MAX HEIGHT TO WHICH ANY AMOUNT OF WATER MAY BE RAISED THROUGH HARD INTAKE HOSE TO THE PUMP
2. NO MORE THAN 25 FEET 3. L=1.13 TIMES HG ( L = HEIGHT , 1.13 CONSTANT, HG=INCHES OF MERCURY) |
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DEPENDABLE LIFT
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1. HEIGHT OF A COLUMN OF WATER MAY BE LIFTED IN A SUFFICIENT QUANTITY TO PROVIDE A RELIABLE FIRE FLOW
2.14.7 FEET |
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AS LIFT INCREASES THE ---- ------ DECREASES ACCORDINGLY
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PUMP CAPACITY ( 60% AT 20 FT, 70% AT 15 FT)
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FIRE DEPARTMENT PUMPERS ARE RATED AT A LIFT OF----- FEET AND THROUGH -------- FEET OF HOSE
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10 FEET OF LIFT, 20 FEET OF HOSE
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RULE OF THUMB FOR EVALUATING A POND AS A STATIC WATER SOURCE
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EVERY 1 FOOT OF DEPTH FOR AN AREA OF 1 ACRE (FOOTBALL FIELD) PROVIDES 1000GPM FOR 5 HOURS
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MINIMUM DEPTH OF WATER FOR DRAFTING
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2 FEET
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SMALL FAST RUNNING STREAMS WITH INADEQUATE DEPTH
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CAN BE DAMNED UP WITH A LADDER AND SALVAGE COVER
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PREVENTING DEBRIS AND SILT DURING DRAFT
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1. ALL HARD INTAKE SHOULD HAVE A STRAINER
2. THE STRAINER SHOULD NOT BE RESTED ON THE BOTTOM ( USE A LADDER TO PREVENT) |
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CISTERNS
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1. UNDERGROUND WATER STORAGE IN RURAL AREAS
2. RECEIVE WATER FROM WELLS OR RAIN RUNOFF 3. TYPICAL SIZE 10,000-100,000 GALLONS 4. ACCESSED BY AD RY HYDRANT CONNECTION OR A MANHOLE COVER |
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GROUND RESERVOIRS
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MAN MADE LAKE/ PONDS
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POOL EQUATION
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1. SQUARE POOL L X W X D X 7.5
2. ROUND POOL PI X RADIUS SQ X D X 7.5 |
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RELAY OPERATION
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PUMPER IS USED AT THE WATER SUPPLY SOURCE TO PUMP WATER THROUGH ONE OR MORE HOSE LINES TO THE NEXT PUMPER IN LINE. THIS REPEATS UNTIL THE WATER REACHES THE ATTACK PUMPER
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SOURCE PUMPER
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1.PUMPER CONNECTED TO THE WATER SOURCE
2. SHOULD HAVE THE LARGEST PUMP CAPACITY |
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RELAY PUMPER
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1. AKA THE IN LINE PUMPER
2. CONNECTS THE SOURCE AND ATTACK PUMPER |
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ATTACK PUMPER
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ENGINE ON THE FIRE SCENE AND IS RECEIVING WATER
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INTAKE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
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1. AKA RELAY RELIEF VALVE
2. DESIGNED TO PREVENT WATER HAMMER DAMAGE 3. CAN BE ADD ON OR BUILT IN FROM MANUFACTURER |
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RELAY OPERATION IS BASED ON 2 THINGS
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1. AMOUNT OF WATER NEEDED AT THE SCENE
2. DISTANCE FROM THE EMERGENCY SCENE |
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LONGER RELAY DISTANCE
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1.INCREASES AMOUNT OF HOSE
2.INCREASES FRICTION LOSS |
