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184 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is freshwater found on the rock and soil layers beneath the surface |
Groundwater |
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Ground water is the largest Reservoir of liquid fresh water and earth. It constitutes how many percent of total freshwater on the planet? |
30.1% |
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Water bearing rock layers are called (1) akin to a (2) That holds the ground water in tiny cracks, cavities, and pores between mineral grains |
(1) aquifers (2) “sponge” |
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Is the total amount of empty pore spaces in the rock |
Porosity |
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Loose material such as ___ & ____ have high porosity and can hold large amount of water. |
sand and gravel |
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What are the rocks that has low porosity |
Crystalline rocks such as basalt and diorite have low porosity |
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Is the ability of the rock or sentiments to allow water to pass through it |
Permeability |
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Are porous materials but have Low permeability |
Clay & Mud |
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Examples of materials with moderate to high permeability and make good aquifers |
sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, loose sand and highly fractured rocks |
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Front (Term) |
pic |
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A reliable groundwater can be obtained from ______ with good porosity and permeability such as coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rocks. |
aquifers |
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Studies conducted by the National Institute of Geological Sciences and Marine Science Institute in the University of the Philippines have shown that |
the ground subsidence in Rosario, Cavite, and CAMANAVA area in Metro Manila are related to extraction of groundwater |
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What is the natural phenomenon that contributes significantly to the existing stress in the water resources |
Climate Change |
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What is an extreme condition that has forced people to pump out more groundwater of diver stream flows |
Drought |
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During this time, floods are very common and more severe, causing an increase in sedimentation from already denuded landscpes |
Extreme wet seasons |
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What plays a vital role in the shrinking of glaciers and the consequent rise of sea level |
Global Warming |
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Effective water resources management |
Planning, Developing, Distributing , and managing the optimum use of water resources |
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Addressing the natural viability of water resources |
Rainwater harvesting for direct consumption and for replenishment of groundwater. Surface water is also diverted into basins in recharge zones to increase infiltration , reduce evaporation, and improve water quality. Dams and reservoirs are built to provide additional water storage. Interbasin transfer of water also augments the water supply in heavily stressed systems. |
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What can be used for irrigation, in industry, to maintain stream flows , and to replenish aquifers |
Nonpotable water |
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In the Middle east, countries in coastal areas also practice |
Desalination |
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Involves the reduction of the mineral content by taking salt out of seawater and brackish water to produce freshwater |
Desalination |
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An aquifer in which the groundwater is free to rise to its natural level called |
unconfined aquifer |
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When a well is excavated in the ground, the first layer encountered is the? |
Moist soil layer on the surface |
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Beneath the moist soil layer is a zone in which the spaces between particles are filled mainly with air. Thus us called the |
Zone of aeration or unsaturated zone |
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The layer beneath the zone of aeration, in this layer the spaces between the particles are filled with water |
Zone of saturation |
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The boundary between the zone of aeration & the zone of saturation is the |
water table |
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Directly above the water table is a layer called ____, wherein groundwater seeps up to fill the pore spaces in the zone of aeration by capillary action |
capillary fringe |
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It is high beneath hills and low beneath valleys |
topography |
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During ____, the water table is found at shallow depths. It migrates deeper below the ground during the dry season, resulting to drying of shallow wells. |
Wet season |
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There is an interaction between |
Groundwater & stream flow |
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In this type of stream, the water flows underground and contributes to the groundwater. This type if stream is called |
losing or influent stream |
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What is open to the atmosphere through pores in the soil and rock above the aquifer |
Water |
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In a (1) the water us trapped and held down and held down by pressure between impermeable rocks called (2) |
(1) Confined aquifer (2) aquiclude |
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Water could rise in this well without pumping if the well is located at elevation, which is below the recharge zone of the confined aquifer. This is called an |
artesian well |
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The land area where water enters the ground and replenish the groundwater is called |
recharged zone |
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it is the area where the groundwater flows out of the aquifer and onto land surface or even in submarine environment |
Discharge zone |
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When groundwater emerges to the ground surface, it creates what |
spring |
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Occurs usually in places where there is a decrease in permeability of the underlying material, such as presence of an aquiclude below an aquifer |
Spring |
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What are the consequences of excessive groundwater withdrawal |
Reduced spring yields, diminished river flow, poorer water quality, damage to natural habitats, and the gradual sinking of land known as subsidence. |
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There is also streams that are fed by groundwater. This stream is referred to as |
gaining or effluent stream |
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There is also streams that are fed by groundwater. This stream is referred to as |
gaining or effluent stream |
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Most of the early human civilizations were developed along the worlds greatest rivers which are |
The Tigris and Euphrates of Mesopotamia, the Nile River of the Egyptians, and the Yellow River of the Huang-He civilization |
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Human activities affecting water resources include |
population growth, movement of large number of people, Demands for greater food security and higher living standards, Increased competition between different uses of water resources & pollution from factories, cities, and farmlands |
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Human activities affecting water resources include |
population growth, movement of large number of people, Demands for greater food security and higher living standards, Increased competition between different uses of water resources & pollution from factories, cities, and farmlands |
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The degration of ecosystems is one of the serious threats, Which occur due to |
Changes in landscapes-deforestation,conversion of natural landscapes into farm or residential areas, urban growth, road building, and surfing mining. |
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The activities that have led to too much soil and sediments delivered to streams in the process of |
sedimentation |
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Mining of certain metals have also caused surface water to become acidic, Producing a discharge called |
acid mine drainage |
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Mining of certain metals have also caused surface water to become acidic, Producing a discharge called |
acid mine drainage |
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What contributes significantly to the degradation Of streams and lakes in urban areas |
Improper waste disposal |
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Mining of certain metals have also caused surface water to become acidic, Producing a discharge called |
acid mine drainage |
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What contributes significantly to the degradation Of streams and lakes in urban areas |
Improper waste disposal |
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What pollutes the air, land, and water |
wastes produced by human activities |
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The sources of freshwater pollution include |
Industrial wastes, sewage, runoff from farmland, cities and factory effluents and the build up of sediments. |
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The sources of freshwater pollution include |
Industrial wastes, sewage, runoff from farmland, cities and factory effluents and the build up of sediments. |
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what could cause irreversible effects |
overexploitation of the surface and groundwater resources |
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The sources of freshwater pollution include |
Industrial wastes, sewage, runoff from farmland, cities and factory effluents and the build up of sediments. |
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what could cause irreversible effects |
overexploitation of the surface and groundwater resources |
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How many Percent of the water in Aral Sea in central Asia remains after the water from its feeder rivers was diverted for agricultural use |
25% |
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The sources of freshwater pollution include |
Industrial wastes, sewage, runoff from farmland, cities and factory effluents and the build up of sediments. |
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what could cause irreversible effects |
overexploitation of the surface and groundwater resources |
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How many Percent of the water in Aral Sea in central Asia remains after the water from its feeder rivers was diverted for agricultural use |
25% |
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Is freshwater found in the rock and soil layers beneath the surface. It is the largest reservoir of liquid fresh water on Earth |
groundwater |
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How many of the total fresh water on the planet is ground water |
30.1% |
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How many of the total fresh water on the planet is ground water |
30.1% |
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Is the total amount of empty pore spaces in the rock |
porosity |
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How many of the total fresh water on the planet is ground water |
30.1% |
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Is the total amount of empty pore spaces in the rock |
porosity |
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What has high porosity and can hold large amount of water |
sand & gravel |
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How many of the total fresh water on the planet is ground water |
30.1% |
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Is the total amount of empty pore spaces in the rock |
porosity |
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What has high porosity and can hold large amount of water |
sand & gravel |
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What has low porosity |
Crystalline rocks such as basalt and diorite |
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How many of the total fresh water on the planet is ground water |
30.1% |
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Is the total amount of empty pore spaces in the rock |
porosity |
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What has high porosity and can hold large amount of water |
sand & gravel |
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What has low porosity |
Crystalline rocks such as basalt and diorite |
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Is the ability of the rock or sediment is to allow water to pass through it |
Permeability |
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Are porous materials but have low permeability |
Clay & mud |
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Are porous materials but have low permeability |
Clay & mud |
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Moderate to high permeability and make good aquifers |
Sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, loose sand, and highly-fractured rocks |
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What is a vast body of water |
Ocean |
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What is a vast body of water |
Ocean |
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How many percent of the ocean is the world |
71% |
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What is a vast body of water |
Ocean |
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How many percent of the ocean is the world |
71% |
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The Ocean is divided into five distinct regions and into numerous seas, gulfs, bays and straits. Four recognized oceans are |
Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian ocean, and arctic ocean |
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What is a vast body of water |
Ocean |
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How many percent of the ocean is the world |
71% |
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The Ocean is divided into five distinct regions and into numerous seas, gulfs, bays and straits. Four recognized oceans are |
Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian ocean, and arctic ocean |
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How many kilometers is the total volume of water in the worlds ocean |
1340 million km cube |
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The saltiness of water is called |
salinity |
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What are the major chemical elements present in seawater |
sodium and chlorine ions |
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The salinity of water varies from |
33 to 37 parts per thousand |
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What are the principal sources of elements dissolved in seawater |
weathering & volcanic eruptions |
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___ Or the in situ disintegration of geologic materials, realeses soluble materials such as sodium, potassium and sulfur |
Weathering |
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Contribute compounds through volcanic gases in Hot Springs |
Volcanic eruptions, both and land and submarine |
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What are the three types of wetlands |
Marsh, Swamp, Estuary |
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What are the three types of wetlands |
Marsh, Swamp, Estuary |
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Is a shallow wetland around lakes, streams, and oceans were grasses and reeds Are the dominant vegetation |
Marsh |
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What are the three types of wetlands |
Marsh, Swamp, Estuary |
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Is a shallow wetland around lakes, streams, and oceans were grasses and reeds Are the dominant vegetation |
Marsh |
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Example of Marsh Ecosystem |
Wetland in Candaba, Pampanga |
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What are the three types of wetlands |
Marsh, Swamp, Estuary |
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Is a shallow wetland around lakes, streams, and oceans were grasses and reeds Are the dominant vegetation |
Marsh |
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Example of Marsh Ecosystem |
Wetland in Candaba, Pampanga |
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Is the wetland it with lush trees and vegetation In low-lying areas besides slow moving rivers |
Swamp |
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What are the three types of wetlands |
Marsh, Swamp, Estuary |
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Is a shallow wetland around lakes, streams, and oceans were grasses and reeds Are the dominant vegetation |
Marsh |
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Example of Marsh Ecosystem |
Wetland in Candaba, Pampanga |
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Is the wetland it with lush trees and vegetation In low-lying areas besides slow moving rivers |
Swamp |
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Example of a swamp is |
Mangrove forests |
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What are the three types of wetlands |
Marsh, Swamp, Estuary |
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Is a shallow wetland around lakes, streams, and oceans were grasses and reeds Are the dominant vegetation |
Marsh |
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Example of Marsh Ecosystem |
Wetland in Candaba, Pampanga |
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Is the wetland it with lush trees and vegetation In low-lying areas besides slow moving rivers |
Swamp |
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Example of a swamp is |
Mangrove forests |
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Is a partly enclosed coastal body of water Where freshwater from stream meets the salt water from the sea |
Estuary |
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Example of an estuary |
Pampanga River in Manila Bay |
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It is an important breeding ground for fresh and invertebrates |
Wetlands |
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It is an important breeding ground for fresh and invertebrates |
Wetlands |
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Is a natural event were in an area is usually dry and submerged underwater |
flood |
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occurs when a stream’s discharge is greater than the capacity of the channel, causing the stream to overflow |
fluvial/riverine flood |
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Is characterized by intense, high velocity torrent of water that occurs in an existing river channel with little to no notice |
flashfloods |
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Occurs when water overwhelms in low-lying areas along the coast, usually due to severe weather conditions |
coastal flooding |
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Occurs when water overwhelms in low-lying areas along the coast, usually due to severe weather conditions |
coastal flooding |
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Occurs when heavy rainfall creates a flood event independent of an overflowing stream |
surface water flood |
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What plays an important role in reducing flood intensity |
Vegetation |
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The total amount of water in the planet, also known as |
Earth’s water budget |
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Most of the water on earth today have been cycling through the _____ for billions of years |
hydrologic system |
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The ____ characterized the amount of water in the different reservoir |
the United Nations World War Development 2005 Report |
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How many percent is the largest reservoir in the ocean of Earth’s total water, which is mostly saline water |
97.5% |
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How many percent is freshewater on earth |
2.5% |
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How many percent of water are: (1) Glaciers (2) Groundwater (3) Permafrost |
(1) 68.7% (2) 30.1% (3) 0.8% |
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How many percent of water are: (1) Glaciers (2) Groundwater (3) Permafrost |
(1) 68.7% (2) 30.1% (3) 0.8% |
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Freshwater, which is only 2.5% of Earth’s water is found in |
glaciers, ground water, permafrost, surface water, and atmospheric water |
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The surface water in rivers, lakes, swamps, soil moisture, living things, atmospheric water vapor, ground eyes, and permafrost, constitute about |
0.4% of the total freshwatee supply or less than 0.02% of the total water on Earth |
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Is the average length of time spent by water molecule ia a reservoir |
residence time |
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What is the residence time of the reservoir ocean and ice sheets |
thousands of years |
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What is the residence time of the reservoir ocean and ice sheets |
thousands of years |
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What is the residence time of the reservoir ground water |
tens to hundreds of years |
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What is the residence time of the reservoir ocean and ice sheets |
thousands of years |
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What is the residence time of the reservoir ground water |
tens to hundreds of years |
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What is the residence time of streams and rivers |
few weeks |
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What is the residence time of the reservoir ocean and ice sheets |
thousands of years |
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What is the residence time of the reservoir ground water |
tens to hundreds of years |
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What is the residence time of streams and rivers |
few weeks |
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What is the residents time of the reservoir which is the atmosphere |
few days |
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What is the residence time of the reservoir ocean and ice sheets |
thousands of years |
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What is the residence time of the reservoir ground water |
tens to hundreds of years |
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What is the residence time of streams and rivers |
few weeks |
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What is the residents time of the reservoir which is the atmosphere |
few days |
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What is the residence time of organisms |
few hours |
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A sorrel, rock or sediment that is frozen for more than two consecutive years is called |
Permafrost |
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A sorrel, rock or sediment that is frozen for more than two consecutive years is called |
Permafrost |
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Surface water includes the |
Streams, lakes, and wetlands |
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The surface water represents about how many percent of the earths total water resource |
0.3% |
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Is a moving body of surface water that flows down slope towards Sea level because of gravity |
stream |
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A stream has has clearly define passageway called |
channels |
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A stream has has clearly define passageway called |
channels |
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A stream with a considerable volume and a well-defined channel |
river |
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A stream has has clearly define passageway called |
channels |
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A stream with a considerable volume and a well-defined channel |
river |
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The smaller streams are called |
tributaries |
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A stream has has clearly define passageway called |
channels |
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A stream with a considerable volume and a well-defined channel |
river |
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The smaller streams are called |
tributaries |
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Land area in which the water flow into a particular stream is called |
drainage basin ir watershed |
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Line that separates individual drainage basin is called |
Drainage divide |
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The narrow, elongated landform separating individual streams within a basin is called |
interfluve |
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The narrow, elongated landform separating individual streams within a basin is called |
interfluve |
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During heavy rain, water moves downhill in a process called |
overland flow |
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The narrow, elongated landform separating individual streams within a basin is called |
interfluve |
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During heavy rain, water moves downhill in a process called |
overland flow |
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After the Overland flow after short distance the water enters the channels and becomes |
streamflow |
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Overland flow and streamflow contribute to |
surface runoff |
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Rivers constitute about how many percent of the total surface and atmospheric water |
1.6% |
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Rivers constitute about how many percent of the total surface and atmospheric water |
1.6% |
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The total volume of water stored and streams is estimatef at about |
2120 km cube |
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Or large inland bodies of fresh or saline water |
lakes |
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Are barriers constructed a long streams to contain the flow of water |
Dams |
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How many percent of the total surface and atmospheric water are lake |
67% |
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Land areas where water covers the service for significant periods is referred to as |
Wetlands |
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Wetlands constitute about how many percent of the total land service and atmospheric water |
8.5% |
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What is the largest wetland in the Philippines |
Ligawasan Marsh |
