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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aerobic
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A condition in which atmospheric or dissolved oxygen is present in the aquatic (water) environment.
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Alkalinity
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The capacity of water or wastewater to neutralize acids. This capacity is caused by the water's content of carbonate, bicarbonate, hydroxide, and occasionally borate, silicate, and phosphate. Alkalinity is expressed in milligrams per liter of equivalent calcium carbonate. Alkalinity is not the same as pH because water does not have to be strongly basic (high pH) to have a high alkalinity. Alkalinity is a measure of how much acid must be added to a liquid to lower the pH to 4.5.
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Anaerobic
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A condition in which atmospheric or dissolved oxygen (DO) is NOT present in the aquatic (water) environment.
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Buffer
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A solution or liquid whose chemical makeup neutralizes acids or bases without a great change in pH.
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Buffer Capacity
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A measure of the capacity of a solution or liquid to neutralize acids or bases. This is a measure of the capacity of water or wastewater for offering a resistance to changes in pH.
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Clarifier
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A tank or basin in which water or wastewater is held for a period of time during which the heavier solids settle to the bottom and the lighter materials float to the surface. Also called settling tank or sedimentation basin.
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Decomposition or Decay
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The conversion of chemically unstable materials to more stable forms by chemical or biological action.
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Detritus
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The heavy material present in wastewater such as sand, coffee grounds, eggshells, gravel, and cinders. Also called grit.
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Diffuser
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A device (porous plate, tube, bag) used to break the air stream from the blower system into fine bubbles in an aeration tank or reactor.
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Digester
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A tank in which sludge is placed to allow decomposition by microorganisms. Digestion may occur under anaerobic (more common) or aerobic conditions.
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Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
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Molecular oxygen dissolved in water or wastewater.
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Effluent
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Water or other liquid—raw (untreated), partially treated, or completely treated—flowing FROM a reservoir, basin, treatment process, or treatment plant.
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Explosimeter
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An instrument used to detect explosive atmospheres. When the lower explosive limit (LEL) of an atmosphere is exceeded, an alarm signal on the instrument is activated. Also called a combustible gas detector.
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Grit
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The heavy material present in wastewater such as sand, coffee grounds, eggshells, gravel, and cinders. Also called detritus.
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Grit Removal
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Grit removal is accomplished by providing an enlarged channel or chamber that causes the flow velocity to be reduced and allows the heavier grit to settle to the bottom of the channel where it can be removed.
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Head
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The vertical distance, height, or energy of water above a reference point. A head of water may be measured in either height (feet or meters) or pressure (pounds per square inch or kilograms per square centimeter).
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Head Loss
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For wastewater: The head, pressure, or energy (they are the same) lost by water flowing in a pipe or channel as a result of turbulence caused by the velocity of the flowing water and the roughness of the pipe, channel walls, or restrictions caused by fittings. Water flowing in a pipe loses head, pressure, or energy as a result of friction. The head loss through a comminutor is due to friction caused by the cutters or shredders as the water passes through them and by the roughness of the comminutor walls conveying the flow through the comminutor. Also called friction loss
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Hydrogen Sulfide Gas (H2S)
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Hydrogen sulfide is a gas with a rotten egg odor, produced under anaerobic conditions. Hydrogen sulfide gas is particularly dangerous because it dulls the sense of smell, becoming unnoticeable after you have been around it for a while; in high concentrations, it is only noticeable for a very short time before it dulls the sense of smell. The gas is very poisonous to the respiratory system, explosive, flammable, colorless, and heavier than air.
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Influent
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Water or other liquid—raw (untreated) or partially treated—flowing INTO a reservoir, basin, treatment process, or treatment plant.
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Inorganic Waste
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Waste material such as sand, salt, iron, calcium, and other mineral materials that are only slightly affected by the action of organisms. Inorganic wastes are chemical substances of mineral origin; whereas organic wastes are chemical substances usually of animal or plant origin.
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Limit Switch
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A device that regulates or controls the travel distance of a chain or cable.
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O&M Manual
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Operation and Maintenance Manual. A manual that describes detailed procedures for operators to follow to operate and maintain a specific treatment plant and the equipment of that plant.
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Organic Waste
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Waste material that may come from animal or plant sources. Natural organic wastes generally can be consumed by bacteria and other small organisms. Manufactured or synthetic organic wastes from metal finishing, chemical manufacturing, and petroleum industries may not normally be consumed by bacteria and other organisms.
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Ozonation
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The application of ozone to water, wastewater, or air, generally for the purposes of disinfection or odor control.
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POTW
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POTW POTW Publicly Owned Treatment Works. A treatment works that is owned by a state, municipality, city, town, special sewer district, or other publicly owned and financed entity as opposed to a privately (industrial) owned treatment facility. This definition includes any devices and systems used in the storage, treatment, recycling, and reclamation of municipal sewage (wastewater) or industrial wastes of a liquid nature. It also includes sewers, pipes, and other conveyances only if they carry wastewater to a POTW treatment plant. The term also means the municipality (public entity) that has jurisdiction over the indirect discharges to and the discharges from such a treatment works.
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Pre-aeration
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The addition of air at the initial stages of treatment to freshen the wastewater, remove gases, add oxygen, promote flotation of grease, and aid coagulation.
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Preliminary Treatment
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The removal of metal, rocks, rags, sand, eggshells, and similar materials that may hinder the operation of a treatment plant. Preliminary treatment is accomplished by using equipment such as bar racks or bar screens, comminutors, and grit removal systems.
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Pretreatment Facility
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Industrial wastewater treatment plant consisting of one or more treatment devices designed to remove sufficient pollutants from wastewaters to allow an industry to comply with effluent limits established by the US EPA General and Categorical Pretreatment Regulations or locally derived prohibited discharge requirements and local effluent limits. Compliance with effluent limits allows for a legal discharge to a POTW.
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Putrefaction
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Biological decomposition of organic matter, with the production of foul-smelling and -tasting products, associated with anaerobic (no oxygen present) conditions.
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Putrescible
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Material that will decompose under anaerobic conditions and produce nuisance odors.
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Rack
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Evenly spaced, parallel metal bars or rods located in the influent channel to remove rags, rocks, and cans from wastewater.
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Raw Wastewater
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Plant influent or wastewater before any treatment.
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Screen
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A device used to retain or remove suspended or floating objects in wastewater. The screen has openings that are generally uniform in size. It retains or removes objects larger than the openings. A screen may consist of bars, rods, wires, gratings, wire mesh, or perforated plates.
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Septic
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A condition produced by bacteria when all oxygen supplies are depleted. If severe, the bottom deposits produce hydrogen sulfide, the deposits and water turn black, give off foul odors, and the water has a greatly increased oxygen and chlorine demand.
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Shear Pin
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A straight pin that will fail (break) when a certain load or stress is exceeded. The purpose of the pin is to protect equipment from damage due to excessive loads or stresses.
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Sludge
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The settleable solids separated from liquids during processing. The deposits of foreign materials on the bottoms of streams or other bodies of water or on the bottoms and edges of wastewater collection lines and appurtenances.
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Sludge Digestion
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The process of changing organic matter in sludge into a gas or a liquid or a more stable solid form. These changes take place as microorganisms feed on sludge in anaerobic (more common) or aerobic digesters.
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Slurry
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A watery mixture or suspension of insoluble (not dissolved) matter; a thin, watery mud or any substance resembling it (such as a grit slurry or a lime slurry).
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Specific Gravity
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Weight of a particle, substance, or chemical solution in relation to the weight of an equal volume of water. Water has a specific gravity of 1.000 at 4C (39F). Particulates with specific gravity less than 1.0 float to the surface and particulates with specific gravity greater than 1.0 sink. Wastewater particles or substances usually have a specific gravity of 0.5 to 2.5.Weight of a particular gas in relation to the weight of an equal volume of air at the same temperature and pressure (air has a specific gravity of 1.0). Chlorine gas has a specific gravity of 2.5.
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Weir
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A wall or plate placed in an open channel and used to measure the flow of water. The depth of the flow over the weir can be used to calculate the flow rate, or a chart or conversion table may be used to convert depth to flow. Also see PROPORTIONAL WEIR.A wall or obstruction used to control flow (from settling tanks and clarifiers) to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting
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Aerobic
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A condition in which atmospheric or dissolved oxygen is present in the aquatic (water) environment.
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|
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Alkalinity
|
The capacity of water or wastewater to neutralize acids. This capacity is caused by the water's content of carbonate, bicarbonate, hydroxide, and occasionally borate, silicate, and phosphate. Alkalinity is expressed in milligrams per liter of equivalent calcium carbonate. Alkalinity is not the same as pH because water does not have to be strongly basic (high pH) to have a high alkalinity. Alkalinity is a measure of how much acid must be added to a liquid to lower the pH to 4.5.
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Anaerobic
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A condition in which atmospheric or dissolved oxygen (DO) is NOT present in the aquatic (water) environment.
|
|
|
Buffer
|
A solution or liquid whose chemical makeup neutralizes acids or bases without a great change in pH.
|
|
|
Buffer Capacity
|
A measure of the capacity of a solution or liquid to neutralize acids or bases. This is a measure of the capacity of water or wastewater for offering a resistance to changes in pH.
|
|
|
Clarifier
|
A tank or basin in which water or wastewater is held for a period of time during which the heavier solids settle to the bottom and the lighter materials float to the surface. Also called settling tank or sedimentation basin.
|
|
|
Decomposition or Decay
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The conversion of chemically unstable materials to more stable forms by chemical or biological action.
|
|
|
Detritus
|
The heavy material present in wastewater such as sand, coffee grounds, eggshells, gravel, and cinders. Also called grit.
|
|
|
Diffuser
|
A device (porous plate, tube, bag) used to break the air stream from the blower system into fine bubbles in an aeration tank or reactor.
|
|
|
Digester
|
A tank in which sludge is placed to allow decomposition by microorganisms. Digestion may occur under anaerobic (more common) or aerobic conditions.
|
|
|
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
|
Molecular oxygen dissolved in water or wastewater.
|
|
|
Effluent
|
Water or other liquid—raw (untreated), partially treated, or completely treated—flowing FROM a reservoir, basin, treatment process, or treatment plant.
|
|
|
Explosimeter
|
An instrument used to detect explosive atmospheres. When the lower explosive limit (LEL) of an atmosphere is exceeded, an alarm signal on the instrument is activated. Also called a combustible gas detector.
|
|
|
Grit
|
The heavy material present in wastewater such as sand, coffee grounds, eggshells, gravel, and cinders. Also called detritus.
|
|
|
Grit Removal
|
Grit removal is accomplished by providing an enlarged channel or chamber that causes the flow velocity to be reduced and allows the heavier grit to settle to the bottom of the channel where it can be removed.
|
|
|
Head
|
The vertical distance, height, or energy of water above a reference point. A head of water may be measured in either height (feet or meters) or pressure (pounds per square inch or kilograms per square centimeter).
|
|
|
Head Loss
|
For wastewater: The head, pressure, or energy (they are the same) lost by water flowing in a pipe or channel as a result of turbulence caused by the velocity of the flowing water and the roughness of the pipe, channel walls, or restrictions caused by fittings. Water flowing in a pipe loses head, pressure, or energy as a result of friction. The head loss through a comminutor is due to friction caused by the cutters or shredders as the water passes through them and by the roughness of the comminutor walls conveying the flow through the comminutor. Also called friction loss
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|
|
Hydrogen Sulfide Gas (H2S)
|
Hydrogen sulfide is a gas with a rotten egg odor, produced under anaerobic conditions. Hydrogen sulfide gas is particularly dangerous because it dulls the sense of smell, becoming unnoticeable after you have been around it for a while; in high concentrations, it is only noticeable for a very short time before it dulls the sense of smell. The gas is very poisonous to the respiratory system, explosive, flammable, colorless, and heavier than air.
|
|
|
Influent
|
Water or other liquid—raw (untreated) or partially treated—flowing INTO a reservoir, basin, treatment process, or treatment plant.
|
|
|
Inorganic Waste
|
Waste material such as sand, salt, iron, calcium, and other mineral materials that are only slightly affected by the action of organisms. Inorganic wastes are chemical substances of mineral origin; whereas organic wastes are chemical substances usually of animal or plant origin.
|
|
|
Limit Switch
|
A device that regulates or controls the travel distance of a chain or cable.
|
|
|
O&M Manual
|
Operation and Maintenance Manual. A manual that describes detailed procedures for operators to follow to operate and maintain a specific treatment plant and the equipment of that plant.
|
|
|
Organic Waste
|
Waste material that may come from animal or plant sources. Natural organic wastes generally can be consumed by bacteria and other small organisms. Manufactured or synthetic organic wastes from metal finishing, chemical manufacturing, and petroleum industries may not normally be consumed by bacteria and other organisms.
|
|
|
Ozonation
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The application of ozone to water, wastewater, or air, generally for the purposes of disinfection or odor control.
|
|
|
POTW
|
POTW POTW Publicly Owned Treatment Works. A treatment works that is owned by a state, municipality, city, town, special sewer district, or other publicly owned and financed entity as opposed to a privately (industrial) owned treatment facility. This definition includes any devices and systems used in the storage, treatment, recycling, and reclamation of municipal sewage (wastewater) or industrial wastes of a liquid nature. It also includes sewers, pipes, and other conveyances only if they carry wastewater to a POTW treatment plant. The term also means the municipality (public entity) that has jurisdiction over the indirect discharges to and the discharges from such a treatment works.
|
|
|
Pre-aeration
|
The addition of air at the initial stages of treatment to freshen the wastewater, remove gases, add oxygen, promote flotation of grease, and aid coagulation.
|
|
|
Preliminary Treatment
|
The removal of metal, rocks, rags, sand, eggshells, and similar materials that may hinder the operation of a treatment plant. Preliminary treatment is accomplished by using equipment such as bar racks or bar screens, comminutors, and grit removal systems.
|
|
|
Pretreatment Facility
|
Industrial wastewater treatment plant consisting of one or more treatment devices designed to remove sufficient pollutants from wastewaters to allow an industry to comply with effluent limits established by the US EPA General and Categorical Pretreatment Regulations or locally derived prohibited discharge requirements and local effluent limits. Compliance with effluent limits allows for a legal discharge to a POTW.
|
|
|
Putrefaction
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Biological decomposition of organic matter, with the production of foul-smelling and -tasting products, associated with anaerobic (no oxygen present) conditions.
|
|
|
Putrescible
|
Material that will decompose under anaerobic conditions and produce nuisance odors.
|
|
|
Rack
|
Evenly spaced, parallel metal bars or rods located in the influent channel to remove rags, rocks, and cans from wastewater.
|
|
|
Raw Wastewater
|
Plant influent or wastewater before any treatment.
|
|
|
Screen
|
A device used to retain or remove suspended or floating objects in wastewater. The screen has openings that are generally uniform in size. It retains or removes objects larger than the openings. A screen may consist of bars, rods, wires, gratings, wire mesh, or perforated plates.
|
|
|
Septic
|
A condition produced by bacteria when all oxygen supplies are depleted. If severe, the bottom deposits produce hydrogen sulfide, the deposits and water turn black, give off foul odors, and the water has a greatly increased oxygen and chlorine demand.
|
|
|
Shear Pin
|
A straight pin that will fail (break) when a certain load or stress is exceeded. The purpose of the pin is to protect equipment from damage due to excessive loads or stresses.
|
|
|
Sludge
|
The settleable solids separated from liquids during processing. The deposits of foreign materials on the bottoms of streams or other bodies of water or on the bottoms and edges of wastewater collection lines and appurtenances.
|
|
|
Sludge Digestion
|
The process of changing organic matter in sludge into a gas or a liquid or a more stable solid form. These changes take place as microorganisms feed on sludge in anaerobic (more common) or aerobic digesters.
|
|
|
Slurry
|
A watery mixture or suspension of insoluble (not dissolved) matter; a thin, watery mud or any substance resembling it (such as a grit slurry or a lime slurry).
|
|
|
Specific Gravity
|
Weight of a particle, substance, or chemical solution in relation to the weight of an equal volume of water. Water has a specific gravity of 1.000 at 4C (39F). Particulates with specific gravity less than 1.0 float to the surface and particulates with specific gravity greater than 1.0 sink. Wastewater particles or substances usually have a specific gravity of 0.5 to 2.5.Weight of a particular gas in relation to the weight of an equal volume of air at the same temperature and pressure (air has a specific gravity of 1.0). Chlorine gas has a specific gravity of 2.5.
|
|
|
Weir
|
A wall or plate placed in an open channel and used to measure the flow of water. The depth of the flow over the weir can be used to calculate the flow rate, or a chart or conversion table may be used to convert depth to flow. Also see PROPORTIONAL WEIR.A wall or obstruction used to control flow (from settling tanks and clarifiers) to ensure a uniform flow rate and avoid short-circuiting
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