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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is marasmus
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pan-nutritient deficiency => wasting
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What is kwashiorkor
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protein deficiency => edema, light streaks in hair/skin
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What are the essential water soluble vitamins
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B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin), folic acid, C
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What is the general presentation of vitamin b complex deficiency (besides B12)
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glossitis, dermatitis, diarrhea
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Manifestations of B1 deficiency
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(thiamine). glossitis, dermatits, diarrhea. + 1) Dri beriberi (peripheral neuropathy), 2) Wet beriberi (vasodilation => high output HF), 3) Wernike-Korsakoff syn (confusion-ataxia-ophthalmoplegia [± horiz nystagmus], confabulation)
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Manifestations of B2 deficiency
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riboflavin. Glossitis, dermatitis, diarrhea. + corneal vascularization.
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Manifesations of B3 deficiency? Need what else to have deficiency?
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niacin. Made from tryptophan so only deficient if lack both. => NAD, NADP. Pellagra = dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia.
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Manifestations of B6 deficiency?
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Pyraxodine => gabba. Glossitis, dermatitis, diarrhea. + convulsions
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Manifesations of B12 deficiency? Who gets it?
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Cobalamin => DNA replication 1) megaloblastic anemia 2) peripheral neuropathy. Malabsorption: (vegetarians), pernicious anemia, crohns dz (ileum), blind loop syndrome, diphyllobothrium latum (giant fish tapeworm)
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Manifesations of Folic acid deficiency? Who is susceptible?
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megaloblastic anemia, but NOT peripheral neuropathy (compare: B12 deficiency). Pregnant women, pt w/ hemolytic anemia
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Manifestations of vitamin C deficiecny?
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ascorbic acid. Decreased collagen => dec osteoid formation, dec wound healing (bleeding gums, bruising)
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Why don't people get hypervitaminosis with water soluble vitamins?
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excreted in urine
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What are the fat soluble vitamins? How does deficiency usually occur?
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A, D, E, K. Malabsorption (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, biliary obstruction)
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Vitamin A. Manifestatons of decifiency and excess?
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A => rhodopsin, mucosa. Dec: Night blindness, squamous metaplasia of mucosa (trachea, bronchi, renal pelvis => calculi, conjunctivae, tear ducts). Inc: alopecia, liver damage
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Vitamin D. Activation? Causes of Def? Manifesations of dec and excess?
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Created in skin by UV light or absorbed => liver 25 alpha hydroxylase => kidney 1 alpha hydroxylase. Def: dec sun, dec abs, liver dz, kidney dz. Def: rickets, osteomalacia. Excess: inc Ca => nephrocalcinosis, renal calculi
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Vitamin K. Primary source? Function? Manifestations of deficiency?
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source: intestinal bacteria. requried for synth of vit-k dep clotting factors: 2, 7, 9, 10, C. Hemorrhaging, hemorrhagic dz of newborn (inadequate colonization).
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