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16 Cards in this Set

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What is marasmus
pan-nutritient deficiency => wasting
What is kwashiorkor
protein deficiency => edema, light streaks in hair/skin
What are the essential water soluble vitamins
B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin), folic acid, C
What is the general presentation of vitamin b complex deficiency (besides B12)
glossitis, dermatitis, diarrhea
Manifestations of B1 deficiency
(thiamine). glossitis, dermatits, diarrhea. + 1) Dri beriberi (peripheral neuropathy), 2) Wet beriberi (vasodilation => high output HF), 3) Wernike-Korsakoff syn (confusion-ataxia-ophthalmoplegia [± horiz nystagmus], confabulation)
Manifestations of B2 deficiency
riboflavin. Glossitis, dermatitis, diarrhea. + corneal vascularization.
Manifesations of B3 deficiency? Need what else to have deficiency?
niacin. Made from tryptophan so only deficient if lack both. => NAD, NADP. Pellagra = dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia.
Manifestations of B6 deficiency?
Pyraxodine => gabba. Glossitis, dermatitis, diarrhea. + convulsions
Manifesations of B12 deficiency? Who gets it?
Cobalamin => DNA replication 1) megaloblastic anemia 2) peripheral neuropathy. Malabsorption: (vegetarians), pernicious anemia, crohns dz (ileum), blind loop syndrome, diphyllobothrium latum (giant fish tapeworm)
Manifesations of Folic acid deficiency? Who is susceptible?
megaloblastic anemia, but NOT peripheral neuropathy (compare: B12 deficiency). Pregnant women, pt w/ hemolytic anemia
Manifestations of vitamin C deficiecny?
ascorbic acid. Decreased collagen => dec osteoid formation, dec wound healing (bleeding gums, bruising)
Why don't people get hypervitaminosis with water soluble vitamins?
excreted in urine
What are the fat soluble vitamins? How does deficiency usually occur?
A, D, E, K. Malabsorption (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, biliary obstruction)
Vitamin A. Manifestatons of decifiency and excess?
A => rhodopsin, mucosa. Dec: Night blindness, squamous metaplasia of mucosa (trachea, bronchi, renal pelvis => calculi, conjunctivae, tear ducts). Inc: alopecia, liver damage
Vitamin D. Activation? Causes of Def? Manifesations of dec and excess?
Created in skin by UV light or absorbed => liver 25 alpha hydroxylase => kidney 1 alpha hydroxylase. Def: dec sun, dec abs, liver dz, kidney dz. Def: rickets, osteomalacia. Excess: inc Ca => nephrocalcinosis, renal calculi
Vitamin K. Primary source? Function? Manifestations of deficiency?
source: intestinal bacteria. requried for synth of vit-k dep clotting factors: 2, 7, 9, 10, C. Hemorrhaging, hemorrhagic dz of newborn (inadequate colonization).