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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neutrophilia implies
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bacterial infection or acute inflammation (1st 24 hr) (e.g. infarction). If severe, also inc in band neutrophils (immature)
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Monocytosis implies
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acute inflammation (2-3 days), also tb, brucellosis, typhus (rickettsia), salmonella
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Lymphocytosis implies
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chornic inflammation, viral infections (and some bacterial infections: tb, pertussis), leukemia
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Eosinophilia, causes of
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NAACP: Neoplastic (hodgkin's lymphoma), asthma, allergy, collagen vascular disease (autoimmune dz, e.g. PAN), parasites
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Histamine is produced by
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mast cells and basophils
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basophilia, causes of
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myeloproliferative dz, e.g. chronic myelogenous leukemia
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vasoactive amines: names, function, form what cells
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fun = inc capillary perm. histamine [ (1) mast cells + (2) basophils by IgE binding antigen, C3a/C5a, physical stim, IL1, other factors] (3) platlets by thrombosis or PAF. Seratonin (platelets)
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name 3 important enzymes of the arachadonic acid pathway and their function
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Phospholipase A2 releases arachadonic acid from the membrane. COX produces TxA2 (thromboxane A2) in platelets => aggregation, vasoC; prostacyclin (PGI2) in endothelium => inhibit aggregation + vasoD. Lipoxygenase produces leukotrienes (slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis e.g. asthma) and lipoxins (antiinflam?)
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Functions of IL1 and TNF?
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acute phase responses: 1) systemic inflammation (fever, leukocytosis) 2) hepatic (acute phase protein synth: CRP, complement proteins, fibrinogen, prothrombin, etc.) 3) adhesion molec synth 4) neutrophil degranulation
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factor 12a initiates which systems (4)
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kinin, intrinsic pathway of coagulation, plasminogen, complement
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3 functions of complement system
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1) C3a C5a = anaphylatoxins. Mast/basophil degranulation, chemotaxis, lipoxygenase pathway 2) C3b opsinization 3) C5b-9 membrane attack complex => bacteria lysis
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define abscess
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cavity filled with pus (nphils, cellular debris); often walled off by fibrous tissue
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define ulcer
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loss of epithelium
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chronic granulomatous dz of childhood. Defect, px
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NADPH oxidase defect. Decreased H2O2 production. Infections w/ catalase (+) bacteria (bac breaks down own H2O2) but not cat (-) bac (bac's H202 => ROS by myeloperoxidase)
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Myeloperoxidase def. Defect, px
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myeloperoxidase which converts H2O2 to ROS. Recurrent bacterial infections, also Candida
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Chediak Higashi syndrome
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defect in lysosomal trafficking. 1) leukocyte defects 2) neutropenia 3) albinism (melanosome trafficking too) 4) C+P neuropathy
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Leukocyte Adhesion Defiency type 1 and 2. Defect, px
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defects in proteins req for leukocyte adhesion to endothelium => recurrent bacterial infections
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Causes of granulomatous inflammation
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1) mycobacteriu: tuberculosis and leprae. 2) Fungal infectons: blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, coccioides immitis 3) treponema pallidum 4) Bartonella (cat scrath dz)
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tenderness 1/3 dist btwn iliac crest and umbilicis. Eponym?
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McBurney's point
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