Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is war in relation to foreign policy?
|
War is one of many clubs of politics, alongside diplomacy, etc.
|
|
|
What is range, lethality and precision?
|
The key components of any weapons system.
|
|
|
What does predictability mean in War?
|
Death (see Maskirovka)
|
|
|
Receiving timely intelligence is...
|
still a major difficulty in modern war.
|
|
|
Nuclear weapons have no need for...
|
accuracy and precision because their lethality is so great.
|
|
|
It is important to stay mobile because?
|
Static targets are easily bombed.
|
|
|
CEP stands for? What is it? Defined by?
|
Circular Error Probable
Is a measure of bombing precision Defined by a circle within which 50% of bombs fall |
|
|
PGM stands for? What do they require?
|
Precision Guided Munitions. Precision Intelligence to achieve accuracy.
|
|
|
What is the RSC? Who started it?
|
Reconnaissance Strike Complex. A move away from nuke based military. Beginning of RMA. Olgarkov.
|
|
|
What is the recon part of the RSC?
|
Recon: acquire the target/Intelligence Gathering
|
|
|
What is the Strike part of the RSC? Components? (3)
|
Strike: need techs to srike target precisely.
Destruction: high lethality on small Delivery: Stealth, Range (cruise missile) Control: Communication |
|
|
What was German Blitzkrieg?
|
Lightning War. Integration of dive bombers, tanks and radio communications.
|
|
|
How did Blitzkrieg use divebomberS? Why divebomb?
|
To soften the enemy for tank rush. Blow out dug-in defensive positions. Increased precision of strike.
|
|
|
How did Blitzkrieg use tanks?
|
Massed formations break through weakpoints in enemy line, encircle and get behind enemy.
|
|
|
Why were radio communication important?
|
large, complex operation needed radio comm to remain cohesive. Tanks had to talk to one anthoer, divebombers had to talk to tanks, etc.
|
|
|
Giulo Douhet. Beliefs? Key targets?
|
*Wars fought and won in the air.
*Impossible to defend against bombing attack. *Comm, gov, ind, trans, morale key targets *chemical weapons nec. to break morale |
|
|
Trenchard. Who was he? advocated striking? Morale? Civilians?
|
*WWI commander RFC
*strike war industries *Mor effects 20time more powerful than phy. *Did not want to strike at civilians. except fact. workers. |
|
|
Mitchell. Doctrine? targets? Errors?
|
*US general
*strategic bombing in mass formations *bomber war winning weapon *focus on infrastructure *Errors: didn't build fighters to protect bombers *overestimated precision |
|
|
Harris. Doctrine?
|
* bomber harris, head of RFC in WWII
* Night area mass bombardmengt * city busting with firebombs |
|
|
How do are the air power philosophies similar?
|
*each believed in morale effects.
*each believed in striking infrastructure *each overestimated bombers power |
|
|
How were the air power philosophies different?
|
Douhet: no concept on precision really. old stlye trench warfare focus.
Trenchard: no indiscriminate bombing of civs. Mitchell: precision, daytime mass bombardment Harris: carpet night bombing of civs/cities |
|
|
5 ring system? Whose philo? what are the components?
|
*Warden
1.Leadership 2.System Essentials 3.Infrastructure 4.Population 5.Military |
|
|
Mitchell. Doctrine? targets? Errors?
|
*US general
*strategic bombing in mass formations *bomber war winning weapon *focus on infrastructure *Errors: didn't build fighters to protect bombers *overestimated precision |
|
|
Harris. Doctrine?
|
* bomber harris, head of RFC in WWII
* Night area mass bombardmengt * city busting with firebombs |
|
|
How do are the air power philosophies similar?
|
*each believed in morale effects.
*each believed in striking infrastructure *each overestimated bombers power |
|
|
How were the air power philosophies different?
|
Douhet: no concept on precision really. old stlye trench warfare focus.
Trenchard: no indiscriminate bombing of civs. Mitchell: precision, daytime mass bombardment Harris: carpet night bombing of civs/cities |
|
|
5 ring system? Whose philo? what are the components?
|
*Warden
1.Leadership 2.System Essentials 3.Infrastructure 4.Population 5.Military |
|
|
5 ring system. Waht does it tell us?
|
* The enemy is an integrated system, not just military.
* Shows importance of each elemt |
|
|
Pape. Beliefs? 3 steps?
|
*strategic air attack is useless.
*only tactical air strikes wil induce coersion of leaders. 1) Denial: of territory control 2)Punishment: bomb industrial centers. 3)Decapitation: Kill leaders. |
|
|
What is MAD?
|
Mutually Assured Destruction.
* With nuclear weapons, US and Russia mutually assured to destroy each other in the event of a war |
|
|
What is precision? Accuracy?
|
The ability to hit what you aim at. Having the right target.
|
|
|
What is NCW? What is it?
|
Net Centric Warfare. Networking the military to acheive the OODA loop with efficiency and speed.
|
|
|
HOW does NCW achieve the Observe phase of the OODA loop?
|
Global Surveillance, Stealth Recon
|
|
|
How does the NCW achieve the Orient Phase of the OODA loop?
|
Broadband communications
|
|
|
How does the NCW achieve Decision Phase of the OODA loop?
|
Intensive Data gathering, global comm
|
|
|
How does the NCW achieve the Action phase of the OODA loop?
|
Precision munitions
|
|
|
Weaknesses of NCW (6)
|
1) overestimates technology, information superiority
2) dependent on space, electronics 3) High cost 4) Allies left behind 5) Become too powerful 6) People Issues - highly trained, innovative, super intelligent |
|
|
What is Near precision? Precision? Front Door Precision?
|
5-30 ft. <3-6ft. <3ft.
|
|
|
What are the stages of the OODA loop? Who invented?
|
Observe, Orient, Decide, Act. John Boyd.
|
|
|
What is the Observe phase and some example of it?
|
Observe enemy. Reconnaissance. Itelligence Gathering. Observe self too, and aftermath of operations.
|
|
|
What is the Orient Phase?
|
Restructuring on the fly to the new reality observed.
|
|
|
What is the Decision phase?
|
Making the correct decision based on best analysis of info available.
|
|
|
What is the Action phase of the OODA loop?
|
Excercising the mission of the Decision phase.
|
|
|
What is a Lorenz Beam?
|
Beam that was adapted into Xverfahren. Originally used to land planes at German airports.
|
|
|
What is X-Verfahren?
|
1) German's first blind bombing system.
2) used a single beam for path with a cross beam over target. |
|
|
Problems with x-Vehrfahren? (5)
|
1) Single flight path.
2) mid-air collissions 3) Signle line makes easy targs 4) beam angle difficult to detect. 5) beam detectable |
|
|
What is Y-Vehrfahren?
|
1) Single beam, used pulses to guide a pathfinder. Crew out of loop.
|
|
|
Problem with Y-Vehrfahren? (4)
|
1) Final 12 miles required straight, level flying path.
2) Req. specialized equip and crews. 3) only one equipped plane 4) Detectable beam |
|
|
What did Brits do to counter German Navigation Systems? (6)
|
Night:
1) Decoy fires 2) Beam Bending (close prox false main beams). Day: 1) Smoke 2) Decoy Targets 3) Dispersal of targs. 4) Camouflage |
|
|
What is GEE? Strengths (2) and Weaknesses (4)?
|
British Navigational Aid. hyperbolic grid across Europe.
Stengths: Couldn't direct direction Could fly anywhere on the grid Weaknesses: not a bombing system short range (400 miles) predictable flight path Germans could use it |
|
|
OBOE? Strengths and Weaknesses?
|
Blind bombing system
Used two stations, cat & mouse, to communicate with plane and tell plane its position on the grid. Strength Most precise system of war Weaknesses could only direct 1 plane at a time |
|
|
TIS?
|
Target Indicator System.
Pathfinder plane dropped colored flared on target, rest of planes dropped on flare using SABS targetting system. |
|
|
What is H2S?
|
Home Sweet Home. Airborne Radar System. Navigate to target location. Used for acquiring target as well.
|
|
|
Strengths and weaknesses of H2S?
|
Strength
No Range Constraints. No Weather Constraints. Weakness Detectable operational late in war |
|
|
Bombing of Japan in WW-II. Who lead? How Achieved? What kind?
|
Curtis LeMay. Leapfrog islands to gain airstrips. Firebomb cities.
|
|
|
Cruise Missile
|
Uses propulsion to maintain a straight flightpath
|
|
|
Ballistic Missile
|
Follows a ballistic, curved trajectory
|
|
|
V-1 Cruise Missile. Why developed? How launched?
|
Vengeance Weapon. INS.
Retaliation for Brits dehousing. Ramps. |
|
|
Advantages of V-1? (3)
|
Cheap, Easy to produce/perfect, ready for action earlyi n war
|
|
|
What is the V-2? Weaknesses? (6)
|
Ballistic Missile. Rocket powered. Used INS.
* Expensive * Difficult to produce * late operation * tunneled in ground after strike * hard to find parts * high fuel consumption |
|
|
What is TLAM?
|
Tomahawk Land Attack Missile. Navy weapon. Cruise missile.
|
|
|
What is CALCM?
|
Conventional Air Launched Cruise Missile. Air Force Cruise Missile. Used to have Nuke, now conventional weapon.
|
|
|
What are the two different mid-course guidance systems?
|
INS (Inertial Navigation)
TERCOM (Terrain Comparison) |
|
|
How does TERCOM work?
|
An ins system. Compares radar scan of ground to expected information, corrects course based on difference.
|
|
|
How does TERCOM work?
|
An ins system. Compares radar scan of ground to expected information, corrects course based on difference. Corrects Drift.
|
|
|
What is Terminal Guidance? Why necesarry?
|
Guidance in last phase of mission (about 1 minute out). Reduces CEP of term guidance even more.
|
|
|
What is DSMAC?
|
Digital Scene Matching Correlator. Compares observed and expected high-contrast B&W photos. Fuses warhead only when location known.
|
|
|
Weaknesses of DSMAC?
|
1) dependence on satellites
2) Expensive 3) long mission planning times 4) works only over strong elevation |
|
|
The aim of Stealth?
|
Reduce observability, especially to RADAR and Infrared.
|
|
|
How does it reduce radar footprint?
|
Absorb:
sawtooth wing design captures waves Radar absorbent materials Scatter: F-117 uses faceted design B2 uses smoothed design |
|
|
What are smart bombs?
|
Autonomously guided weapons.
|
|
|
What are EOGBs?
|
Electro-Optically Guided Bombs.
human guided using visul info provided by cameras. controlled by joystick. can use infrared or optical wavelength for day/night and diferent conditions. |
|
|
Advantages of EOGBs? (4) Disadvantages? (2)
|
Long Range. Large Warhead. can be flown in bad weather. course can be altered at last minute.
High cost. Can be affected by things lblock optical/infrared wavelengths. |
|
|
What is a LGB?
|
Laser Guided Bomb. Dropped from a plane, seeks a cone of reflected laser energy. uses GPS as a backup.
|
|
|
Advantages of LGB? Disadvantages?
|
Cheaper than EOGB. Very Precise. Self Guided.
Shorter Range. Laser can be interrupted. oculd be confused by multiple lasers. |
