Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
ABG ?
|
Arterial Blood Gas
|
|
|
Is the patient in respiratory failure, and will they need intubation/mechanical ventilation?
|
?
|
|
|
TEST QUESTION
Clinical signs of Respiratory Failure |
Tachypnea
Bradypnea *Accessory Muscle use* Poor Tidal Volume |
|
|
TEST QUESTION
Tachypnea defined |
Respiratory rate 30 or more per minute
|
|
|
TEST QUESTION
Bradypnea defined |
Respiratory rate below 8 per minute
|
|
|
pO2 + Hgb(SaO2) = ?
|
Oxygen carrying capacity
|
|
|
Cyanosis correlates with pO2 < __?
|
50
|
|
|
pulse oximetry measures what?
|
% hemoglobin oxygen saturation
|
|
|
How do you measure pO2?
|
arterial blood analysis
|
|
|
Things that complicate pulse ox readings
|
fingernail polish
poor perfusion of the finger long fingernail |
|
|
Arterial blood gas gives what values
|
pH
pCO2 pO2 HCO3 O2 sat |
|
|
Acidosis defined
|
pH < 7.35
|
|
|
Alkalosis defined:
|
pH > 7.45
|
|
|
normal pCO2
|
40
|
|
|
normal pO2
|
80 - 100
|
|
|
normal HCO3
|
24
|
|
|
what Blood gas value is under respiratory control and changes fast
|
pCO2
|
|
|
What Blood gas value is under metabolic (kidney) control and changes slowly
|
HCO3
|
|
|
What blood gas value is "the acid"
|
pCO2
|
|
|
What blood gas value is "the base"
|
HCO3
|
|
|
TEST QUESTION
ABG progression in Asthma |
1) Hypoxia
2) Hyperventilation leads to hypocapnea 3) pH drops to normal 4) pCO2 raises due to FATIGUE 5) pH becomes acidotic |
|
|
Why does pH return to normal after respiratory alkalosis?
|
metabolic acidosis develops
(anerobic metabolism leads to lactic acid) |
|
|
What are ABG values in step 2: hyperventilation?
|
pH hi,
pCO2 low, pO2 low, HCO3 nl, O2 sat low |
|
|
What are ABG values during the pH back-to-normal (bad) phase?
|
pH nl,
pCO2 low, pO2 low, HCO3 low, O2 sat low |
|
|
What are ABG values during the fatigue phase?
|
low pH,
Normal pCO2, Low pO2 HCO3 low, O2 sat low |
|
|
TEST QUESTION
Indications to Intubate |
Fatigue – Tachypnea, Accessory muscles
Inability to protect airway Assessment: Loss of gag reflex “50/50 Club” on ABG |
|
|
TEST QUESTION
“50/50 Club” on ABG (3 things) |
Acidotic pH (<7.35)
pCO2 greater than 50 pO2 less than 50 |
|
|
Endotracheal (E.T.) tube size for Adult:
|
8
|
|
|
Why apply Cricoid pressure during intubation?
|
Allows for easier passage of E.T. tube through vocal cords
Closes off esophagus, reducing chance of vomiting and aspiration |
|
|
TEST QUESTION
2 narcotics that suppress respiratory drive |
Morphine
Meperidine (Demerol) |
|
|
TEST QUESTION
Narcotics Reversal agent: |
Naloxolone (Narcan)
0.4mg or 1 mg I.V. "it only does good" |
|
|
Non-asthma causes of wheezing
|
1) Pulmonary edema as in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Cardiac Asthma
2) Airway obstruction Foreign body Epiglotitis Anyphylaxis Obstructive sleep apnea (snoring) |
|
|
Why would Not all Asthmatics Wheeze
|
Tidal volume is so low, cannot generate enough air flow to produce a wheeze
“Too tight” Wheezing begins after treatment, a good sign |
