Wallace Thurman

Front 1

Whiter and whiter, every generation. The nearer white you are the more white people will respect you. Therefore all light negroes marry light Negroes. Continue to do so generation after generation, and eventually white people will accept this racially bastard aristocracy, thus enabling those negroes who really matter to escape the social and economic inferiority of the American Negro

Back 1

Wallace Thurman

Front 2

Elite societies

Back 2

-Bon Ton Society of Washington, DC

-Blue Vein Society of Nashville, TN

Front 3

Admission criteria

Back 3

-Paper-bag test
-Door test
-Comb test

Front 4

Webster's defenition of race

Back 4

A belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

Front 5

E. Cose

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The rage of a privileged class (1993)

Front 6

Dozen Demons(E. Cose)

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-Inability to fit in
-Being a “sell-out”
-Low expectations
-Shattered hopes
-Faint praise
-Presumption of failure
-Coping fatigue
-Identity troubles
-Self-censorship/silence
-Trouble-maker
-Mendacity
-Guilt by association

Front 7

Dr. Joy DeGruy Leary

Back 7

Posttraumatic Slave Syndrome

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Posttraumatic Slave Syndrome

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-AAs sustained traumatic psychological /emotional injury directly resulting from slavery. This injury continues due to society’s policies of inequality, racism and oppression
-Destruction of the African culture reflects
another dimension of this injury.
-Cultural Dissonance

Front 9

5 Elements of Racism (Jones, ’97)

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-Belief in racial superiority and inferiority
-Strong in-group preferences and solidarity, as well as the rejection of people, ideas, and customs that diverge from those customs and beliefs
-A doctrine of a cultural or national system that conveys privilege or advantage to those in power
-Elements of human thought and behavior that follow from the abstract structures, social structures, and cultural mechanisms of racialism (attaching personality qualities and attributes to racial classifications)
-Systematic attempts to prove the rationality of beliefs about racial differences and the validity of policies that are based on them.

Front 10

3 Levels of Racism

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-Individual Racism
-Institutional Racism
-Cultural Racism

Front 11

Individual Racism

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-suggests a belief in the superiority of one’s own race over another race and the behavioral enactments that maintain those superior and inferior positions

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Institutional Racism

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-Refers to the differential impact of institutional practices on members of racial groups.
(does not require malice or racist intention in order to operate.)

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Cultural Racism

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the cumulative effects of a racialized worldview, based on belief in essential racial differences that favor the dominant racial group over others.

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Ethnocentrism

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preference for those values, dress, style, habits, institutions, and traditions of one’s own culture

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Hegemonic dominance

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the proposition that a group will stay in power by any means necessary

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Negative influences and possible corrective strategies in American society—Prejudice

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contact needed between prejudiced individual and the group to address stereotypes

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Negative influences and possible corrective strategies in American society—Discrimination

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quota-based systems

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Negative influences and possible corrective strategies in American society—Racism

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-quota-based systems
-group contact

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Operarior & Fiske ’98

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Racism = race prejudice + power

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Minimal group paradigm

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prejudice can occur among groups of people defined by completely meaningless standards (Tajfel ’69)

Front 21

W.E. B. DuBois

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-One ever feels his twoness, -- an American, a Negro; two warring souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.
-The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife – this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self….

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…..to be Black and relatively conscious is to be in a constant state of rage almost all the time

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Baldwin, 1983

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Adolescent Identity Development in African Americans

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Adolescence marks the age where identity assessment occurs because AAs receive race-based environmental cues

Front 24

Cross’s encounter stage

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society “reflects his/her Blackness back to him/her”. Some event or series of events causes one to acknowledge racism.

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African American Identity

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African-American identity is believed to be a social anchor that provides a connection to the broader African diaspora which buffers the psyche from non-affirming and dehumanizing messages

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Identity

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refers to how one sees him/herself and is interrelated with values and attitudes

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James Marcia

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4 Identity States

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Diffuse

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little exploration or no consideration

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Foreclosed

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identity commitment is selected by parents so still no consideration of alternatives

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Moratorium

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active exploration with no commitment

Front 31

Achieved

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strong personal commitment after much exploration

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4 Identity States

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-Diffuse
-Foreclosed
-Moratorium
-Achieved

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Fordham & Ogbu

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Oppositional Social Identity

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Oppositional Social Identity

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-Protects their identity from the psychological assault of racism
-Keeps the dominant group at a distance

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Coping Strategies of Social identity

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Development of an oppositional stance (not “acting White”), but “acting Black”
-“Racelessness” as a strategy for de-emphasizing membership in a certain ethnic group

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Reflective Appraisal

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individuals develop a sense of themselves primarily from the way others view them

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Assumptions of research on racial preferences in dolls

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-Results of studies with children were extrapolated as evidence of how AA adults felt about themselves
-These studies measured self-esteem and/or self-hatred

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Racial Identity

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the attitudes and beliefs regarding the significance and meaning that people place on race in defining themselves

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Dr. William Cross

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Racial Identity Development

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Nigrescence

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Move from self-hating to self-healing and culturally affirming self-concept

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Revised

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Transformation from a pre-existing (nonAfricentric) identity into one that is Africentric

Front 42

Self concept

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(Baumeister) Belief and knowledge about the self

Front 43

"The Self-Esteem Fraud:feel good education does not lead to academic success"

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Nina H. Shokraii

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African American Students's self-esteem is not a sufficient explanation of a.a achievement levels

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"The Self-Esteem Fraud:feel good education does not lead to academic success"

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Self Schem

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(Friske and Taylor) Oragnizes how we process information about ourself and others

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self-esteem

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one's affective reation toward and feeling about oneself that is also evaluative

Front 47

categlories of cultures

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-Collective
-idividualistic

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Collective

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people have an interdependent view of themself

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individualistic

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peoople hold an independent view of self

Front 50

studied differnces in self attributes among members of interdependent and independent cultures

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markus& Kitayma

Front 51

self-identity the part of an individual's self-concept which is derived from his or her membership in a social group and adherence to the values associated with that group

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Tajfel

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antecedents to interpersonal attraction

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-proximity
-similarity
-physical attration

Front 53

cunningham et al

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the study of attractiveness of women amoung black and white men