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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the normal myeloid to erythroid ratio?
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3:1
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controlled growth with increase in activity is based on these demands:
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Infection
Low tissue oxygenation Activity is decreased when demand is met |
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stromal matrix contents
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fibroblasts, fat cells, endothelial cells
adhesion molecules growth factors |
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site of hematopoiesis
first 6 weeks |
yolk sac
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site of hematopoiesis
6 to 18 weeks |
liver
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site of hematopoiesis
18-30 weeks |
liver and spleen
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site of hematopoiesis
30 wks to birth to 8 weeks old |
liver, spllen and bone marrow
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site of hematopoiesis
>10 weeks |
bone marrow only
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RBC functions
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Picks up oxygen from the lungs
Delivers oxygen to the tissues Picks up CO2 from the tissues Delivers CO2 to the lungs |
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cellular components that RBCs lack
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No nucleus
No cytoplasmic organelles No protein or lipid synthesis No oxidative phosphorylation |
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What is the average size of vein
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8 microns
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What is the size of capillary
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2 microns
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mean RBC size
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8 microns
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platelet size
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1-3 microns
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granulocytes
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Neutrophils
eosinophils basophils |
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lymphocytes
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T cell (thymus)
B cell NK cells |
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monocytes
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tissue macrophages
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How are whites cells (leukocytes) identified?
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morphology and antigen expression
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pink granules
2 lobes |
eosinophil
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at least 3 lobes
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neutrophil
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blue granules
segmented nucleus |
basophil
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neutrophil maturation lineage
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1 myeloblast
2 promyeloblast 3myelocyte 4 metamyelocyte 5 band 6 neutrophil |
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what cell is abnormal in acute leukemia
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myeloblast
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neutrophil function
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Granules contain enzymes involved in oxidative and non-oxidative killing of BACTERIA and fungi
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demargination
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when neutrophils that are normally stuck to the endothelium of the vessels detach and go to fight infection
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Eosinophil Function
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1 parasitic infections
2 allergic reactions 3 vasculitis 4 some hematologic malignancies |
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basophil in the tissue
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mast cell
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basophil function
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1. release histamine
2. IgE 3. Increase in myeloproliferative disorders |
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monocyte
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1. Circulate in the bloodstream for only 24 hours
2. Then go into tissues to become macrophages 3. Ingest fungi, mycobacteria, and play a role in battling pyogenic bacteria |
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how do you distinguich a lymphocyte from a lymphoblast?
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proteins
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T cells
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helper and suppresor cells
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B cells
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produce antibodies against foreign antigens (plasma cells)
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NK cells
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large granular lymphocyte
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lymphocyte morphology
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very little cytoplasm
nucleus is about the same size as RBC |
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Peripheral blood lymphocyte percentages
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70% T cells
25% B cells <=5% NK cells no plasma cells |
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B Cell Antigens
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CD10
CD 19 CD 20 CD 79a sIg (kappa)/(lambda) |
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CD
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Clusters of Differentiation
(proteins that are used to determine the state of differentiation) |
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NK Cell Antigens
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CD 16
CD 56 |
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T Cell Antigens
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CD3
CD4 CD5 CD7 CD8 |
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Spleen Function
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1. Filters blood
2. Examines blood cells and destroys injured erythrocytes and cells that have been sensitized by IgG and complement 3. Activates complement 4. Extremely important in helping clear encapsulated organisms from the blood |
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Encapsulated organisms
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis |
