Wade Test 1 Speed Study

Front 1

critically low glucose

crtically high glucose

dont do PT if it is above...

Back 1

40-100

700

300

Front 2

What appears to be the cause of fatigue (besides mental issues)?

Back 2

atp depletion
CA+ inside problems
decrease plasma glucose
accumulation of metabolic acids

Front 3

oxygen debt is:

Is there ever time without it?

Oxygen debt is about equal to...

What is a test that actually uses this term?

Back 3

the term used to describe the increase over BMR in O2 use in recovery.

NO

energy consumed minus that supplied by oxidative metabolism.

do gage anaerobic and anaerobic verses recovery time.

Front 4

What determines the kind of muscle the fiber will be?

Back 4

NERVE: determines synthesis of fast and slow isoforms.

(they all begin as type I)

Front 5

What is the most used atheletic drug?

Whats the best way to train reguarding altitude?

Back 5

EPO- increases RBC's

live in altitude and train at sea level.

Front 6

Baseline EMG =

What is EMG measuring?

Back 6

0.0 (because we are measuring the entire muscle, not one cell)

sum of action potentials between the recording electrodes

Front 7

Atrophy is...

Why should you cast a leg in a stretched postion?

Back 7

decrease in SIZE of cells

you will loose sacromeres, so you save yourself....

Front 8

Oxygen Debt=

Back 8

measures the increasein BMR in 02 use in recovery.

Front 9

What is the most used atheletic drug?

Whats the best way to train?

Back 9

EPO- increases blood levels

Live in elevation and train at sea level

Front 10

Your EMG recording depends on what 4 things?

What is an example of an abnormal EMG?

What indicates the health of the nerve?

Friction decreases with...

Normal speed?

Back 10

1. distance between current and recodring electrode

2. size of muscle fibers

3. number of muscle fibers in that motor unit

4. amount of fat

spontaneous activation of a motorunit- fasiculation and fibrillation

latency

Size

30-50

Front 11

malignant hyperthermia can happen two ways

cure=

or what will happen?

Back 11

1. exposed to halothane anesthesia in dental chairs
2. defect in ryanodine receptor gene

INSTANT dantolyene injection in like 3 minutes

- uncontrolled CA+ pumps generates too much heat, increaese temp, muscles get rigid- which blocks NA+ which blocks release of calcium in skeletal muscles)

Front 12

Mypotonia Congenita like ____ is due to a defect in the chloride channel family.

Results in...

Back 12

cystic fibrosis

slowed muscle relaxation after activation

GOATS!!

Front 13

Malignant Hyperthermia is common in kids with...

Back 13

MD

Front 14

Dermatomes =

Back 14

area of skin innervated by sensory fibers from one spinal nerve (dorsal root)

Front 15

Where is the ONLY place in the body where there is a reflex including ONLY a sensory and motor nerve?

Describe these...

Back 15

A spinal reflex acr (stretch reflex)

stimulated by IA afferent receptors, CAN occur in the absence of the rest of the CNS!

** contraction of ipsilateral muscle***

Front 16

Where are GTO's found?

GOT's respond to...

What shape are MUSCLE SPINDLES?

What innervates MUSCLE SPINDLES?

Back 16

Musculo Tendonous Junction

Muscle contractino OR excessive stretch.

fusiform shape

GAMMA MN ** gets these intrafusal muscle fibers.

Front 17

What MN goes to the extrafusal sacromeres, contributing to STRENGTH?

Back 17

ALPHA

Front 18

Most common place of damage (of the muscle?)

Back 18

musculotendonous junction

Front 19

Alpha Gamma Coactivation=

Back 19

when the alpha MN cause extrafusals to contract
and the Gamma MN cause spindles to contract- so they stay proportional to the muscle length!

Front 20

Intrafusal muscle fibers are _______ active

That means they can generate action potentials at...

Back 20

tonically

the resting length of the muscle
** they INC when the spindleis stretched and DEC when the spindle is slack!!

Front 21

Structure of the Spindle is All contained in..

When a muscle is stretched or released, both type of spindle afferent endings .....

Name and quickly describe the two endings-

Back 21

gelatinous Fluid

acheieve a new steady state firing pattern that reflects the muscle length.

Primary Ia= innervate all intrafusals, firing pattern derives form combined effect, sensitive to velocity of stetch and small changes

primary II= dont innervate dynamic bag fibers, firing pattern reflects properties of static intrafusal fibers.

Front 22

Intrafusal Creep refers to the fact that initially...

Back 22

the central portion is quickly deformed, but recoil as the polar region accomodate strretch

Front 23

Whats a good take home message to the existance of primary and secondary muscle spindle nerve fiber endings...

Back 23

combo of info of these sensory endings allows brain to interpret whats going on.



BTW its primaryIA and Secondary II

So the brain knows the nerve wasnt cut, it was just released

Front 24

Can you activate Gamma MN independant of Alpha MN?

Back 24

Yes (in ventral horn)

And your body can, through training, make the Gamma MN hypersensitive- like a gymnast on a balance beam. Because the gamma MN influecnes the amount of volitional muscle force produced by increasing discahrge of primary IA, the activate alpha mN

What a mounth full!

Front 25

what two diseases will you see physiologic contractures in?

what about pathologic contractures?
What causes this muscle shortening?

Back 25

MkArdle Disease and Malignant Hyperthermia (these are temporary contractures)

MD, heel cord, and CNS injury. (these are permanent contractures)

failure of ca+ pump in the presence of atp.

Front 26

Myotonia=

treated by:

Back 26

delayed relaxation after voluntary muscle movement. This is a membrane abnormality.
chloride imbalence increases membrane excitability- but not the relaxation delay- that is kinda unknown.

drugs that reduce excitability ex) verapamil..

Front 27

People with McArdle disease, lack...

how come organs arent involved?

Back 27

phosphorylase, an enzyme responsibile for the breakdown of glycogen in the muscle.

phosphorylase is limited to muscles.

Front 28

Give a simple realtionship of DHP and RYR

Back 28

Further experiments showed that DHP agonists changed RyR activation by suppressing Ca(2+)-induced inactivation of the channel.

Front 29

most common congenital defect of the upper extremity

Back 29

Syndactyly (webbing of the fingers)

Front 30

Just because I said so, what do GTO's literally do again?

What kind of existance does retinoblastoma have?

MG has ___ _____ on atpase

Back 30

inhibit ipsilateral and stimulate contralateral
**** no sarcomeres and NO MN

variable

esteric inhibition (and can be trained to decrease)

Front 31

what energy system needs mitochondria

Back 31

citric acid (NOT GYCOLYSIS)

Front 32

Azotemia

Back 32

kidney problem, is a medical condition characterized by abnormal levels of nitrogen-containing compounds, such as urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds in the blood.

Front 33

Hyper/hyponatremia

Back 33

The electrolyte disturbance exists in humans when the sodium (Natrium in Latin) concentration in the plasma falls below 135 mmol/L. At lower levels water intoxication may result, an urgently dangerous condition. Hyponatremia is an abnormality that can occur in isolation or, as most often is the case, as a complication of other medical illnesses. Most patients with chronic water intoxication are asymptomatic, but may have symptoms related to the underlying cause. Severe hyponatremia may cause osmotic shift of water from the plasma into the brain cells. Typical symptoms include nausea, vomiting, headache and malaise. As the hyponatremia worsens, confusion, diminished reflexes, convulsions, stupor or coma may occur. Since nausea is, itself, a stimulus for the release of ADH, which promotes the retention of water, a positive feedback loop may be created and the potential for a vicious circle of hyponatremia and its symptoms exists.

Front 34

SIADH=

hyperexia=

Back 34

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a condition commonly found in the hospital population, especially in patients being hospitalized for central nervous system (CNS) injury. This is a syndrome characterized by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin) from the posterior pituitary gland or another source. The result is hyponatremia, and sometimes fluid overload



over 106

Front 35

Sarcoidosis

Back 35

is an immune system disorder characterised by non-caseating granulomas (small inflammatory nodules) that most commonly arises in young adults

Front 36

Phocomelia

Back 36

Congenitial disorder involving the limbs. It presents at birth very short or absent long bones and flipper-like appearance of hands and sometimes feet. Amphibian deformities often take the form of phocomelia, in which the limbs are shortened due to lack or malformation of long bones, as opposed to other forms of dysmelia such as amelia, which is characterized by the complete lack of a limb, or polymelia, the presence of extra limbs, which are often fused together.

Front 37

Alpha-fetoprotein

Atresia

syringomyelia

Back 37

glycoprotein

a condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent

generic term referring to a disorder in which a cyst or tubular cavity forms within the spinal cord. This cyst, called a syrinx, can expand and elongate over time, destroying the spinal cord. Since the spinal cord connects the brain to nerves in the extremities, this damage may result in pain, weakness, and stiffness in the back, shoulders, arms, or legs. Other symptoms may include headaches and a loss of the ability to feel extremes of hot or cold, especially in the hands. Each patient experiences a different combination of symptoms. These symptoms typically vary depending on the extent and, often more critically, to the location of the syrinx within the spinal cord.

Front 38

Migraines have ______cranial pain

Back 38

hemi (and vomiting)