W1D1 - Histology Of The Urinary System

Front 1

What is the Endocrine Function of the urinary system?~

Back 1

erythropoietin, renin, vit. D conversion

Front 2

T/F the medullary rays are considered a collection of collecting ducts

Back 2

true

Front 3

Does the kidney have a capsule?

Back 3

yes

Front 4

Where are the nephrons found? corical vs. juxtamedullary.

Back 4

cortical usually stay witihin the cortex (including loop of henle)
Juxtamedullary have longer loops of henle and extend into the medulla

Front 5

WHat is the functional unit of the kidney?

Back 5

the nephron

Front 6

Is the minor or major calyx in direct contact with the renal papillae?

Back 6

MINOR

Front 7

Does the cortical or juxtamedullary nephron have a shorter loop of henle

Back 7

Cortical

Front 8

What components comprise the Nephron?~

Back 8

Renal Corpuscle, Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule - (collecting tubule and duct - don't include when asked on exam)

Front 9

What does the proximal convoluted tubule absorb/secrete?

Back 9

The proximal tubule regulates the pH of the filtrate by exchanging hydrogen ions in the interstitium for bicarbonate ions in the filtrate; furthermore, it is responsible for secreting organic acids, such as creatinine and other bases, into the filtrate.

Fluid in the filtrate entering the proximal convoluted tubule is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries. This is driven by sodium transport from the lumen into the blood by the Na+/K+ ATPase in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells. Sodium reabsorption is primarily driven by this antiporter. This is the most important transport mechanism in the PCT.

Front 10

What type of epithelium is the proximal convoluted tubule comprised of?

Back 10

simple cuboidal epi

Front 11

Are proximal convoluted tubules eosinophilic or basophilic?

Back 11

eosinophilic

Front 12

T/F the brush border is found in the distal convoluted tubule.

Back 12

FALSE, it is in the proximal convoluted tuble!

Front 13

What type of epithelium does the loop of henle have?

Back 13

Simple squamous

Front 14

What 'limbs' of the loop of henle are hyperosmotic?

Back 14

Thick and Thin DEScending limbs

Front 15

What 'limbs' of the loop of henle are impermeable to water?

Back 15

Thin and Thick ASCending limbs.

Front 16

What does the distal convoluted tubule absorb?
What does it secrete?

Back 16

absorbs Na+
secretes K+

Front 17

Where are Extraglomerular mesangial (lacis) cells found in the kidney?

Back 17

in the Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Front 18

what type of epithelium is found in the Collecting tubule/duct?

Back 18

simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium~

Front 19

T/F the collecting tubule/duct have a distinct intercellular membrane?

Back 19

true

Front 20

What hormone effects the collecting tubule/duct to insert aquaporins and cause water resorption and concentrate the urine?

Back 20

ADH -> water resorption - main function is to concentrate the urine.

Front 21

Where does ADH come from?

Back 21

post. pituitary

Front 22

T/F the collecting tubule/duct is considered more 'functional' because it doesn't do as much filtration.

Back 22

true

Front 23

T/F the collecting tubule/duct is from a DIFFERENT embryological origin than the rest of the nephron and therefore not considered to be 'part' of the nephron.

Back 23

true

Front 24

What epithelium lines the bladder?

Back 24

transitional

Front 25

When blood leaves the efferent arterioles what are the 3 option it can take to continue?

Back 25

Peritubular capillary network
vasa recta
stellate veins (under capsule of the kidney and will then drain into interlobular veins)

Front 26

What would be the route that one drop of blood would take through the kidney?

Back 26

1. Renal Artery (directly off aorta)
2. InterLOBAR Arteries: divide in the renal sinus
3. Arcuate arteries: arch at medullo-cortico junction) and give rise to...
4. interLOBULAR arteries (which divide in medullary rays)
5. Afferent arterioles
6. Glomeruli
7. Efferent arterioles
8. a. peritubular capillary network
b. vasa recta
c. stellate veins
9. (if followed stellate veins...) InterLOBULAR veins
10. Arcuate veins
11. Inter LOBAR veins
12. Renal Veins

Front 27

What are stellate veins and where are they found?

Back 27

`The veins beneath the fibrous tunic of the kidney, stellate veins are stellate in arrangement, and are derived from the capillary network, into which the terminal branches of the interlobular arteries break up. These join to form the interlobular veins, which pass inward between the rays.

Front 28

The (collecting tubule/ducts), minor and major calyces, Ureter, and urinary bladder all comprise the ______- system.

Back 28

collecting

Front 29

All structures of the collecting system except _______________ have transititional epithelium.

Back 29

collecting tubules/ducts (have simple cuboidal/columnar)

Front 30

What type of cells makes transitional epithelium?

Back 30

umbrella or dome cells

Front 31

From exterior to the lumen what are the layers of a ureter?

Back 31

Advent, smooth muscle, connective tissue, transitional epithelium, lumen!

Front 32

Where do the collecting ducts drain?

Back 32

in the renal papilla

Front 33

Do the collecting ducts found in the renal papillae contain concentrated or dilute urine?

Back 33

concentrated

Front 34

Where do the collecting tubules drain?

Back 34

minor calyx -> major calyx - > renal pelvis -> ureter -> urinary bladder

Front 35

What is the renal papillae and what is it's function?

Back 35

In the kidney, the renal papilla is the location where the Medullary pyramids empty urine into the renal pelvis. Histologically it is marked by medullary collecting ducts converging to channel the fluid. Transitional epithelium begins to be seen.