W Hist Of Photo 1-4

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Camera Obscura

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an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen. It is used in drawing and for entertainment, and was one of the inventions that led to photography. The device consists of a box or room with a hole in one side. Light from an external scene passes through the hole and strikes a surface inside where it is reproduced, upside-down, but with color and perspective preserved

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Johann Schulze

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A chemist who discoverd that mixture of silver and chalk reflects less light than untarnished silver. Though his discovery did not provide the means of preserving an image - the silver salts continued to darken unless protected from light - it did provide the foundation for further work in fixing images

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Camera Lucida

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an optical device used as a drawing aid by artists. The artist sees both scene and drawing surface simultaneously, as in a photographic double exposure. This allows the artist to duplicate key points of the scene on the drawing surface, .

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Henri Le Secq

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one of the five photographers selected to carry out a photographic survey of architecture (Commission des Monuments Historiques)

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Mission Heliographique

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In 1851, Mérimée organized the Missions Héliographiques to document France's medieval architecture

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Commission on Historical Monuments

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to document France's medieval architecture. One of the earliest documentary projects.

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Hippolyte Bayard

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invented direct positive printing and presenting the world's first public exhibition of photographs on June 24, 1839

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Louis-Auguste and Auguste-Rosalie Bisson

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brothers who produced remarkable images of the local scenery, inc Mont Blanc
Made large Colloidion photos 12 x 16. Anti-small photos.

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Roger Fenton

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the waxed paper calotype process. Crimea war photographer...(no bodies). Founded the London's Photographic Society. Cholera

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Calotype Process

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using paper coated with silver iodide (salted paper). Intro by Henry Fox Talbot. Silver oxide is the black. Involves gallo-nitrate and Potassium bromide. Not as pin sharp as D, but its "negative" beat it out

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Frances Frith

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English photographer of the Middle East and many towns in the United Kingdom. Used Collodion method

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Manifest Destiny

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US destined-divined- to expand across continent and later expand overseas. 19th century term

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Alphonse Liebert

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?

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Mechanical Photography / Topographic Photography

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?

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James Robertson

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With Felice Beato took over reportage of the Crimean War from Roger Fenton. multiple-image print panoramas of Middle East

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Timothy O'Sulllivan

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Photography employee of Mathew Brady. hoto "Harvest of Death. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel
P of SW lands / Indians w/o using landscape painting conventions.

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Alexander Gardner

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photographs of the American Civil War, Linoln, and the execution of the conspirators to Lincoln's assassination

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William Henry Jackson

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American painter, photographer and explorer famous for his images of the American West: Indians, Yellowstone and Union Pacific Routes.

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Carleton Watkins

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CA landscape, Yosemite Stereoviews. Also Oregon. Bad business man, not credited

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Eadweard Muybridge

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Eng. P; used multiple cameras to capture motion. invented zoopraxiscope that projected pictures in motion not using celluloid film

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Edward Curtis

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P of West and Indians (portrait and way of life). Did N. American Indian series with JP Morgan. Worked-Cecil Demille 10 Commandments

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Robert Flaherty

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1st filmmaker to make a successful documentary film..Nanook of the North. Progenitor of ethnographic film

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Joseph Keiley

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Early 20 C art critic and P. Close to Stieglitz--together worked on platinum printing. Mbr Photo Secession. Ass Ed of Camera Work journal.

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Charles Wheatstone

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Inventor of stereoscope. Explained binocular vision. Velocity of electricity.

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David Brewster

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suggestion to use lenses (not Wheatstones mirrors) for uniting the dissimilar pictures; The lenticular stereoscope may fairly be said to be his invention. Rediscoverd kaleidoscope.

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John Fredrick Mascher

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?

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Home-Bates Stereoscope

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? stuf

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Anaglyph

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a method of encoding a three-dimensional image in a single picture by superimposing a pair of pictures

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Viewmaster

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device for viewing seven 3-D images (from a disk)

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Wax paper negative process

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a negative created on paper treated with silver salts, which was exposed in a camera obscura to create the negative and then contact printed on a similar paper to produce a positive image. Talbot invented

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Thomas Wedgewood

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the first man to think of and develop a method to copy visible images chemically to permanent media

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William Hyde Wollaston

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He invented the camera lucida (1807), He also developed the first cameralens called meniscus lens, in 1812. The lens was designed to improve the image projected by the camera obscura. By changing the shape of the lens, Wollaston was able to project a flatter image, eliminating much of the distortion

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Joseph Nicephore Niepce

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Took some of the world's first photographs, called heliography. Collaborated with Daguer

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View from the Window at Le Gras

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Niépce captured the photo with a camera obscura focused onto a sheet of 20 × 25 cm oil-treated bitumen - 8 hours.

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Heliograph

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helios (Greek: Ἥλιος), meaning "sun", and graphein (γραφειν) = write)

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Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre

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Invented Daguerreotype. Competed with Talbot in England and his Calotype

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Diorama

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a nineteenth century mobile theatre device

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William Henry Fox Talbot

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inventor of the negative / positive photographic process.
Made contributions to the development of photography as an artistic medium

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David Octavious Hill and Rober Adamson

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Used calotype process: Ch of Scotland scism "disruption" and local life. Did portraits of well known scots

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Salted Paper Print

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The salted paper print was the first type of paper print used in photography, and remained the most popular paper print until the introduction of the albumen in the 1850’s. Called calotype (Talbots)

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Gustave Le Gray

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Most famous P of 19th C in Europe. 1 of 1st 5 in Missions Héliographiques, Napoleon III, taught future famous P, fled to Mid East, Sicilian bombing, french army movements, Alex Dumas, Cairo. Did early colloidiol process, improved paper negatives by waxing, & combination printing

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Combination Printing

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Sandwich two different negatives to produce more inclusinve photo

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albumen Print

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first commercially exploitable method of producing a photographic print on a paper base from a negative. Became the dominant form of photographic positives from 1855 to 1900. Egg based

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Ambrotype

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process that creates a positive photographic image on a sheet of glass using the wet plate collodion process. But ambrotypes used the plate image as a positive, instead of a negative. Less expensive that Dag. and lacked Dag shiny metalic surface. By 1860s supplanted by tintype and other processes

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tintype

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also melainotype and ferrotype, made by creating a direct positive on a sheet of metal, usually iron or steel that is blackened by painting, laquering or enamelling and is used as a support for a collodion photographic emulsion. Made in a few minutes, didn't need hard case

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Cabinet Card

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thin photograph that was generally mounted on cards measuring 4 ¼” by 6 ½ inches. Adopted by all in 1870

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Carte de Visite

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an albumen print, which was a thin paper photograph mounted on a thicker paper card. The size of a carte de visite is 2⅛ × 3½ inches mounted on a card sized 2½ × 4 inches. Popular/traded. Supplanted by Cabinet Cards

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Oscar Gustve Rejlander

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The "father" of art P. Learned wet-collodion and waxed-paper processes after abandoning painting. Perfected combination printing. "Two Ways of Life" most famous/controversial picture. Some photos used in "social protests".

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Nadar (Gaspard Felix Tournachon)

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1st aerial photographer. Pioneered the use of artificial llighting in catacombs of Paris. Journalist and balloonist.

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Hugh Welch Diamond

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used photography to treat mental disorders; some of his many calotypes depicting the expressions of people suffering from mental disorders are particularly moving. Popularized P on lecture circuit.

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Henry Peach Robinson

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English pictorialist. pioneed combination printing. Advocate of P being art form

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Julia Margaret Cameron

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Portraits of celebrities. Closely cropped portraits mimiced even today.

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Lewis Carroll

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Took up P as new art form. Gentleman-photographer. Did P studies of famous people, adults, children and landscapes