Vtt Biology Quiz 4

Front 1

Meiosis is the process of

Back 1

cell division where one diploid cell becomes 4 haploid cells

Front 2

Cell Wall

Back 2

protects the cell.

Front 3

Cell Membrane

Back 3

allows things to enter or leave the cell.

Front 4

Golgi Apparatus

Back 4

stores and distributes lipids and proteins made in the E.R.

Front 5

Chloroplast

Back 5

where the chlorophyll is.

Front 6

Vacuole Membrame

Back 6

where water, nutrients and other things are stored.

Front 7

Mitochondroin

Back 7

reduce energy by doing respiration.

Front 8

Amyloplast

Back 8

d

Front 9

Rough ER

Back 9

makes proteins and is covered in ribosomes, which make it look rough.

Front 10

Smooth ER

Back 10

packages proteins for transport and and gives out calcium.

Front 11

Nucleus

Back 11

where the DNA of the cell is found, and controls all cell activity.

Front 12

Robosome

Back 12

protien builders for the cell.

Front 13

Golgi Vesicles

Back 13

move the proteins and lipids to other places.

Front 14

Cytoplasm

Back 14

supports all parts of the cell and gives oxygen and nutrients to other parts of the cell.

Front 15

Pinocytotic vesicle

Back 15

to move fluid from outside the cell to inside.

Front 16

centrioles

Back 16

an organizing center for microtubules.

Front 17

nucleolus

Back 17

It is the part of the cell that allows for the copying of DNA molecules.

Front 18

Vacuole-

Back 18

A membrane-bound sac that stores materials until they are needed. The vacuole in animal cells is much smaller than the vacuole in plant cells.

Front 19

Lysosome

Back 19

spherical vesicles formed by Golgi apparatus
contain hydrolytic/digestive enzymes
enzymes for breaking down ingested food, damaged organelles, or entire cells

Front 20

MITOSIS- Prophase

Back 20

Prophase: The chromatin, diffuse in interphase, condenses into chromosomes. Each chromosome has duplicated and now consists of two sister chromatids. At the end of prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks down into vesicles.

Front 21

MITOSIS- Metaphase

Back 21

The chromosomes align at the equitorial plate and are held in place by microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle and to part of the centromere.

Front 22

MITOSIS-Anaphase

Back 22

The centromeres divide. Sister chromatids separate and move toward the corresponding poles.

Front 23

MITOSIS- Telophase

Back 23

Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles and the microtubules disappear. The condensed chromatin expands and the nuclear envelope reappears. The cytoplasm divides, the cell membrane pinches inward ultimately producing two daughter cells (phase: Cytokinesis).

Front 24

Genome

Back 24

an organisms genetic material

Front 25

Chromosomes

Back 25

a thread like gene carrying structure fround in the nucleaus

Front 26

Chromatin

Back 26

the complex of DNA and proteins that make up a eukaryotic Chromosome

Front 27

Somatic Cell

Back 27

all body cells except the reproductive cells

Front 28

Gametes

Back 28

Sperm and egg cells

Front 29

2 conclusions Charles Darwin came to in his book

Back 29

contemporary species arouse from ancestors
natural selecton- the natural envoronment selects for the propagation of certain traits.

Front 30

Difference between Eukaryotics and Prokaryotes

Back 30

Euks- have membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles.

Front 31

Scientific Method

Back 31

Observation, Question, Hypothesize, Prediction, Test

Front 32

Properties of water that contribute to the sustainability of earth

Back 32

-Cohesion
-Moderation of Temp
-Expansion upon Freezing
-Versatility as a solvent

Front 33

3 main components of a membrane

Back 33

proteins, lipids and cholesterols

Front 34

6 main functions of a membrane

Back 34

Transport, Enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining, attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

Front 35

Tonicity of a cell

Back 35

Hypotonic, Hypertonic, Isotonic

Front 36

Active and Passive transport

Back 36

Active- energy is used to traffic molecule across membrane
Passive-cell does not have to expend energy

Front 37

Osmosis

Back 37

diffusion of water across a membrane

Front 38

ATP

Back 38

Powers cells for mechanical work, transport and chemical work+

Front 39

What is an enzyme

Back 39

a catalytic protein

Front 40

3 steps of cellular respiration

Back 40

1) glycolysis, 2) Krebs Cycle, and 3) the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

Front 41

glycolysis

Back 41

the breaking down of glucose molecules from carbohydrates into molecules of pyruvate

Front 42

3 reasons cells divide

Back 42

Reproduction, growth and developemnt, tissue renewal

Front 43

Dividing of cells

Back 43

Mitosis- nucleus
Cystokinesis-cytoplasm
Meosis-sexually reproducing organisms

Front 44

Somatic Cells

Back 44

are cells that form the body (or body cells). The contain diploid (2n) number of chromosomes. They divide by mitosis

Front 45

Gametes

Back 45

germ cells or sex cells. They contain haploid (n) number of chromosomes. They do not divide by themselves. They are produced from the primary gametocyte which undergoes a two-stage division process called meiosis

Front 46

3 steps of cellular respiration

Back 46

1) glycolysis, 2) Krebs Cycle, and 3) the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

Front 47

glycolysis

Back 47

the breaking down of glucose molecules from carbohydrates into molecules of pyruvate

Front 48

3 reasons cells divide

Back 48

Reproduction, growth and developemnt, tissue renewal

Front 49

Dividing of cells

Back 49

Mitosis- nucleus
Cystokinesis-cytoplasm
Meosis-sexually reproducing organisms

Front 50

Somatic Cells

Back 50

are cells that form the body (or body cells). The contain diploid (2n) number of chromosomes. They divide by mitosis

Front 51

Microtubules

Back 51

function both to determine cell shape and in a variety of cell movements, including some forms of cell locomotion, the intracellular transport of organelles, and the separation of chromosomes during mitosis.