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155 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Anterior
Near or towords the head.
Palmar
Refering to the sole fo the forefeet.
Rostral
Toword or near the nose.
Ipsilateral
Pertaining to the same side.
An important part of the cell, also known as the semipermeable membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer.
The organelle which is rresponsible for producing cellular fuel (ATP).
Mitochondrea
The movement of small molecules or ions which costs the cell no energy is called?
Passive transport.
The movement of water into or out of a cell against a cencentration gradient is called?
Osmosis.
What organelle is responsible for producing proteins?
Robosome.
What is the ultimate goal of meiosis?
I diploid cell becoming 4 haploid cells.
What phase of cell division will a cell spend most (90%) of its life?
Interphase
Where in the body does Meiosis occur?
Sex cells.
Carbohydrates play an important role in cells in what way?
Support/structure, energy storage and cellular fuel.
What are amino acids?
Building blocks of protein.
What are the four primary tissue types?
Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous.
Definition of epithelial cells.
A type of tissue which lines the surface of the body, cavities, lines organs and much more.
Cuboidal epithelium and likely would where?
Glands. Salivary/Sweat.
What special modifications are found on simple columnar epithelial cells?
Microcilli.
Is muscle a connective tissue?
No!
What is another way of describing Hematopoietic tissue?
Bone marrow.
Whaer on the neuron does the cell receive a message?
Dendrites.
What system are claws, skin, footpads and hair a part of?
The integumentary system.
Which dermal layer is the outer most layer?
Epidermis.
The arrector pili miscle is what type of muscle?
Smooth.
What is the name of the cell responsible for pigmentaion of the skin and hair?
Melanocyte.
The process in which the cell excretes a substance from the cell.
Exocytosis.
The process by which the cell consumes or ingests another entity.
Phagocytosis.
Mitosis
Cell devision.
Pertaining to the substances within a cell.
Intrcellular
The organs of the cell.
Organelle.
An enviroment where the electrolyte cenentration is much less outside the cell then inside the cell.
Hypotonic solution.
An enviroment where the electrolyte cenentration in greater outside the cell then inside the cell.
Hypertonic solution.
An enviroment where the electrolyte cenentration outside the cell in equal to the concentration inside the cell.
Isotonic solution.
Divides the body into a plane parallel with the spine.
Sagittal plane.
Dvides the body in half at some point between the nose and tail.
Transverse plane.
Dvides the body into equal right and left sides.
Medial plane.
Divides the body into unequal right and left sides.
Sagittal Plane.
Cell type most commonly found lining the small intestine.
Columnar cells.
Cell type found in the bladder, urethra, and uters. Noted for being stretchy.
Transistional.
Cell type found in ducts associated with hollow tubes, like sweat or salvary glands.
Cuboidal.
Cells found in the respiratory tract and has cillia.
Psuedostratified columnar.
Cell types that is found in places where diffusion, osmosis or filtration is important.
Squamous cells.
Primary location for this muscle type is in the walls of hollow organs.
Smooth muscle.
The action of this muscle is strictly voluntary.
Skeletal muscle.
The action of this muscle is strictly involuntary.
Smooth and cardiac muscle.
The muscle type found in the bladder.
Smooth muscle.
This muscle forms the bulk of the heart wall.
Cardiac muscle.
Striated muscle isa what type of muscle?
Skeletal muscle.
This muscle type has intercalated discs.
Cardiac muscle.
This muscle type is used for locomotion.
Skeletal muscle.
What is the name of the secretions produced by sebacous glands?
Sebum.
Claws and dewclaws are members of what system?
Integumentary system.
The hoof in assosiated with which body system?
Integumentary.
Animals with hooves are classified as?
Ungulates.
What is the name of the c1 vertabea?
Atlas.
What is the name of the c2 vertabea?
Axis.
What is the name for the spine and neck region?
Cervical.
What is the name of the spine in the pelvic region?
Sacral.
What is the name of the bone which is the broad upper part of the sternum?
Manubrium.
The spine in the tail region is called?
Coccygeal.
The carpus is an exapmle of what limb?
The thoracic limb.
Is the fibula part of the pelvic limb?
True!
what are the illium, ischium, pubis, and pubic symphysis part of?
The pelvis.
Is the os cordis an example of a visceral or splanchic bone?
False!
A fibrous membrane that lines the hollow interiors of the bone . Also contains osteoblasts.
Endosteum.
Thin fibrous skin like layer surrounding the long area of bone. Contains osteoblasts.
Periosteum.
The center canal that runs lengthwise in bnones containing blood lymph vessels and nerves.
Haversians Cannal.
Tiny cannals that run through the bone matrix connecting blood vessels from the periosteum to the harversian cannals.
Volkmans canals.
Large multinucleated cells of bone which break down and smooth out bone.
Osteoclast.
Mature bone cells.
Osteocyte.
Cells that create new bone.
Osteoblasts.
Area of bone where cartilage allows juvenile bones to grow in length.
Epiphyseal plate.
Area of bone containing bone marrow.
Medullary cavity.
The portion of the bone involved in forming a joint.
Articular cartilage.
Mid shaft of the bone.
Diaphysis.
Distal end of the bone.
Epiphysis.
What type of joint is a freely moving joint.
Synovial joint.
What type of joint is an immovable joint?
Fibrous joint.
What type of joint is slightly movable?
Cartilaginous joint.
What type of joint found in the mandibular symphysis?
Cartilaginous joint.
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
Synovial joint.
What type of joint is the suture joint of the skull?
Fibrous joint.
What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?
Cartilaginous joint.
What type of synovial joint is the Carpus?
Gliding joint.
What type of synovial joint is the elbow joint?
Hinge joint.
What type of synovial joint is the shoulder joint?
Ball and socket joint.
What type of synovial joint is the Atlantoaxial joint?
Pivoting joint.
What type of synovial joint is the hip joint?
Ball and socket joint.
What is special about yellow bone marrow?
If needed it can change to red bone marrow.
What is the name of the structure responsible for generating tears?
Lacrimal gland.
When stain is applied to the eye where will you also expect to find the stain?
Nose.
Keratonconjuctivitis is a condition of which structure?
The cornea and conjuctiva of the eye.
What is otitis externa?
Inflamation of the external ear.
What is the name of the structure directly responsible for gas exchange?
Alveoli.
What is the name of the condition where decreased tear production leading to eye pathology?
Keratoconjuctivitis siccia.
What is the name of the condition where ther is a prolapsed nictitating membrane?
Cherry eye.
What is the name of the condition where there is an abrasion or injery of the clean eye covering?
Corneal ulceration.
What is the name of the condition where there is increases intraocular pressure?
Glaucoma.
What is the name of the condition where there is inflamation of the connective tissues surrounding the eye?
Conjunctivitis.
What structure produces Thyroid stumulating hormone? (TSH)
Pituitary gland.
What structure produces calcitonin?
Thyroid gland.
What structure produces Triiodothyronine?
Thyroid gland.
What structure produces glucagon?
Pancreas.
What structure produces glucorticoids?
Adrenal glands.
What structure produces Tetraauidithyronine?
Thyroid gland.
What structure produces adrogens?
Adrenal glands.
What structure produces oxytocin?
Pitutary gland.
What structure produces estrogen?
Adrenal gland.
What structure produces Luteinizing hormone?
Pituitary gland.
What structure produces insolin?
Pancreus.
Afferent nerve cells carry information away from the brain.
False.
Efferent nerve cells carry impulses away from the brain.
True.
The somatic nervous system is part of the central nervous system.
False
The central nervous system encompasses which subdivisions?
(organs)
Brain and spinal cord.
What brain structure is responsible for vital life functions like breathing, body temperature, vomiting, BP?
Medulla oblongata.
Nerve impulses enter into a neuron through which structure?
Dendrite.
Peripheral nervous system is composed of which structures?
Spinal nerves and cranial nerves.
The parasympathetic nervous system and Sympathetic nervous system belong to what large system?
Autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic nervous system is described in laymen terms as?
Fight or flight.
Parasympathetic nervous system in laymen terms is described at what?
Rest and response.
Is atropine a neurotransmitter?
No.
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is part of what nervous system?
Sympathetic.
The effects of increased HR, dialated pupils and bronchials ,Increased BP are part of what system?
Sympathetic nervous system.
The effects of slow HR, increased gi mobility and gland activity, consticted brochioles are part of what system?
Parasympathetic nervous system.
The effects related with voluntary movement are part of what nervous system?
Somatic nervous system.
The effects of couscous thought is related to what part of the nervous system?
Central nervous system.
what is the order of the vertabrea?
Cervical, thoratic, lumbar, sacrum and coccygeal.
What is the formula for the vertabreas for dogs?
C7, T13, L7, S3 Cy20-23
What is the formula for the vertabreas for cats?
C7, T13, L7, S3 Cy5-23
Where do you put the CCS?
Sinoatrial node.
Wall of the right atrium.
what is peristalsis?
Circular muscle contraction for the digestive tract.
What is the canine dental formula?
I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3
42 teeth
What is the feline dental formula?
I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1
30 teeth
What is the equine dental formula?
I3/3 C1/1 P3-4/3 M3/3
40-42 teeth
What is the porcine dental formula?
I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M3/3
44teeth
What is the bovine dental formula?
I 0/3 C0/1 P3/3 M3/3
32 teeth
What are the mechanical barriers of nonspecific immunity?
Skin and mucus membranes.
What are the chemical barriers of nonspecific immunity?
Hydrocloric acid in the stomach.
What WBC help with phgocytosis with nonspecific immunity?
Neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages.
Does nonpecifin immunity use interferon and the natural killer cells?
True.
What is compliment in reference to nonspecific immunity?
A group of enzymes in plasma that can be activated by the attachment of an anitbody to an antigen.
What is compliment fixation in reference to nonspecific immunity?
Cascade of reactions that result in antigen lysis.
What happens during specific immunity?
Bcells produce antibodies & attck antigen. T cells atack the antigen. Lymphocytes get involved if needed.
How is specific immunity initated?
A reaction from the epitope on the invading cell wall.
What is IgG?
First Ig made during the first exposure to an antigen.
What is IgM?
Made when animal is exposed to an antigen for a long time or a second time.
What is IgA?
Leaves the blood and enters tissue fluids. Mucus.
What is IgE?
Assosiated with alergic response.
what is IgD?
Unkown.
What is passive immunity?
An imunity an animal gets from its mothers milk/placenta or from another animal with an imunity.
Are memory cells needed for passive immunity?
No.
What is Colostrum?
Antibody rich milk.
What is active immunity?
Animals own immunity. Memory b&t cells are produced.
What is the order of the respritory tract?
Nostrils
nasal passage
pharynx
larynx
trachea
avioli
bronchi
bronchioles
alveolar ducts
What are the parts of a electrocardiogram?
Pwave
QRS complex
T wave.