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155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anterior
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Near or towords the head.
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Palmar
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Refering to the sole fo the forefeet.
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Rostral
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Toword or near the nose.
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Ipsilateral
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Pertaining to the same side.
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An important part of the cell, also known as the semipermeable membrane?
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Phospholipid bilayer.
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The organelle which is rresponsible for producing cellular fuel (ATP).
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Mitochondrea
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The movement of small molecules or ions which costs the cell no energy is called?
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Passive transport.
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The movement of water into or out of a cell against a cencentration gradient is called?
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Osmosis.
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What organelle is responsible for producing proteins?
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Robosome.
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What is the ultimate goal of meiosis?
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I diploid cell becoming 4 haploid cells.
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What phase of cell division will a cell spend most (90%) of its life?
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Interphase
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Where in the body does Meiosis occur?
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Sex cells.
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Carbohydrates play an important role in cells in what way?
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Support/structure, energy storage and cellular fuel.
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What are amino acids?
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Building blocks of protein.
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What are the four primary tissue types?
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Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous.
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Definition of epithelial cells.
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A type of tissue which lines the surface of the body, cavities, lines organs and much more.
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Cuboidal epithelium and likely would where?
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Glands. Salivary/Sweat.
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What special modifications are found on simple columnar epithelial cells?
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Microcilli.
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Is muscle a connective tissue?
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No!
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What is another way of describing Hematopoietic tissue?
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Bone marrow.
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Whaer on the neuron does the cell receive a message?
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Dendrites.
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What system are claws, skin, footpads and hair a part of?
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The integumentary system.
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Which dermal layer is the outer most layer?
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Epidermis.
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The arrector pili miscle is what type of muscle?
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Smooth.
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What is the name of the cell responsible for pigmentaion of the skin and hair?
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Melanocyte.
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The process in which the cell excretes a substance from the cell.
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Exocytosis.
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The process by which the cell consumes or ingests another entity.
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Phagocytosis.
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Mitosis
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Cell devision.
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Pertaining to the substances within a cell.
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Intrcellular
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The organs of the cell.
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Organelle.
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An enviroment where the electrolyte cenentration is much less outside the cell then inside the cell.
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Hypotonic solution.
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An enviroment where the electrolyte cenentration in greater outside the cell then inside the cell.
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Hypertonic solution.
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An enviroment where the electrolyte cenentration outside the cell in equal to the concentration inside the cell.
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Isotonic solution.
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Divides the body into a plane parallel with the spine.
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Sagittal plane.
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Dvides the body in half at some point between the nose and tail.
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Transverse plane.
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Dvides the body into equal right and left sides.
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Medial plane.
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Divides the body into unequal right and left sides.
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Sagittal Plane.
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Cell type most commonly found lining the small intestine.
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Columnar cells.
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Cell type found in the bladder, urethra, and uters. Noted for being stretchy.
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Transistional.
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Cell type found in ducts associated with hollow tubes, like sweat or salvary glands.
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Cuboidal.
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Cells found in the respiratory tract and has cillia.
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Psuedostratified columnar.
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Cell types that is found in places where diffusion, osmosis or filtration is important.
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Squamous cells.
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Primary location for this muscle type is in the walls of hollow organs.
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Smooth muscle.
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The action of this muscle is strictly voluntary.
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Skeletal muscle.
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The action of this muscle is strictly involuntary.
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Smooth and cardiac muscle.
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The muscle type found in the bladder.
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Smooth muscle.
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This muscle forms the bulk of the heart wall.
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Cardiac muscle.
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Striated muscle isa what type of muscle?
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Skeletal muscle.
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This muscle type has intercalated discs.
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Cardiac muscle.
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This muscle type is used for locomotion.
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Skeletal muscle.
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What is the name of the secretions produced by sebacous glands?
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Sebum.
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Claws and dewclaws are members of what system?
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Integumentary system.
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The hoof in assosiated with which body system?
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Integumentary.
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Animals with hooves are classified as?
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Ungulates.
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What is the name of the c1 vertabea?
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Atlas.
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What is the name of the c2 vertabea?
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Axis.
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What is the name for the spine and neck region?
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Cervical.
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What is the name of the spine in the pelvic region?
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Sacral.
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What is the name of the bone which is the broad upper part of the sternum?
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Manubrium.
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The spine in the tail region is called?
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Coccygeal.
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The carpus is an exapmle of what limb?
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The thoracic limb.
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Is the fibula part of the pelvic limb?
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True!
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what are the illium, ischium, pubis, and pubic symphysis part of?
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The pelvis.
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Is the os cordis an example of a visceral or splanchic bone?
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False!
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A fibrous membrane that lines the hollow interiors of the bone . Also contains osteoblasts.
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Endosteum.
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Thin fibrous skin like layer surrounding the long area of bone. Contains osteoblasts.
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Periosteum.
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The center canal that runs lengthwise in bnones containing blood lymph vessels and nerves.
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Haversians Cannal.
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Tiny cannals that run through the bone matrix connecting blood vessels from the periosteum to the harversian cannals.
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Volkmans canals.
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Large multinucleated cells of bone which break down and smooth out bone.
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Osteoclast.
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Mature bone cells.
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Osteocyte.
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Cells that create new bone.
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Osteoblasts.
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Area of bone where cartilage allows juvenile bones to grow in length.
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Epiphyseal plate.
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Area of bone containing bone marrow.
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Medullary cavity.
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The portion of the bone involved in forming a joint.
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Articular cartilage.
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Mid shaft of the bone.
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Diaphysis.
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Distal end of the bone.
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Epiphysis.
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What type of joint is a freely moving joint.
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Synovial joint.
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What type of joint is an immovable joint?
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Fibrous joint.
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What type of joint is slightly movable?
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Cartilaginous joint.
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What type of joint found in the mandibular symphysis?
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Cartilaginous joint.
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What type of joint is the elbow joint?
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Synovial joint.
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What type of joint is the suture joint of the skull?
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Fibrous joint.
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What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?
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Cartilaginous joint.
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What type of synovial joint is the Carpus?
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Gliding joint.
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What type of synovial joint is the elbow joint?
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Hinge joint.
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What type of synovial joint is the shoulder joint?
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Ball and socket joint.
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What type of synovial joint is the Atlantoaxial joint?
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Pivoting joint.
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What type of synovial joint is the hip joint?
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Ball and socket joint.
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What is special about yellow bone marrow?
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If needed it can change to red bone marrow.
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What is the name of the structure responsible for generating tears?
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Lacrimal gland.
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When stain is applied to the eye where will you also expect to find the stain?
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Nose.
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Keratonconjuctivitis is a condition of which structure?
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The cornea and conjuctiva of the eye.
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What is otitis externa?
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Inflamation of the external ear.
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What is the name of the structure directly responsible for gas exchange?
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Alveoli.
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What is the name of the condition where decreased tear production leading to eye pathology?
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Keratoconjuctivitis siccia.
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What is the name of the condition where ther is a prolapsed nictitating membrane?
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Cherry eye.
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What is the name of the condition where there is an abrasion or injery of the clean eye covering?
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Corneal ulceration.
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What is the name of the condition where there is increases intraocular pressure?
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Glaucoma.
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What is the name of the condition where there is inflamation of the connective tissues surrounding the eye?
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Conjunctivitis.
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What structure produces Thyroid stumulating hormone? (TSH)
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Pituitary gland.
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What structure produces calcitonin?
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Thyroid gland.
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What structure produces Triiodothyronine?
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Thyroid gland.
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What structure produces glucagon?
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Pancreas.
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What structure produces glucorticoids?
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Adrenal glands.
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What structure produces Tetraauidithyronine?
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Thyroid gland.
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What structure produces adrogens?
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Adrenal glands.
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What structure produces oxytocin?
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Pitutary gland.
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What structure produces estrogen?
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Adrenal gland.
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What structure produces Luteinizing hormone?
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Pituitary gland.
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What structure produces insolin?
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Pancreus.
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Afferent nerve cells carry information away from the brain.
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False.
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Efferent nerve cells carry impulses away from the brain.
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True.
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The somatic nervous system is part of the central nervous system.
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False
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The central nervous system encompasses which subdivisions?
(organs) |
Brain and spinal cord.
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What brain structure is responsible for vital life functions like breathing, body temperature, vomiting, BP?
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Medulla oblongata.
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Nerve impulses enter into a neuron through which structure?
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Dendrite.
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Peripheral nervous system is composed of which structures?
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Spinal nerves and cranial nerves.
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The parasympathetic nervous system and Sympathetic nervous system belong to what large system?
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Autonomic nervous system.
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Sympathetic nervous system is described in laymen terms as?
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Fight or flight.
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Parasympathetic nervous system in laymen terms is described at what?
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Rest and response.
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Is atropine a neurotransmitter?
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No.
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The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is part of what nervous system?
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Sympathetic.
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The effects of increased HR, dialated pupils and bronchials ,Increased BP are part of what system?
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Sympathetic nervous system.
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The effects of slow HR, increased gi mobility and gland activity, consticted brochioles are part of what system?
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Parasympathetic nervous system.
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The effects related with voluntary movement are part of what nervous system?
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Somatic nervous system.
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The effects of couscous thought is related to what part of the nervous system?
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Central nervous system.
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what is the order of the vertabrea?
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Cervical, thoratic, lumbar, sacrum and coccygeal.
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What is the formula for the vertabreas for dogs?
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C7, T13, L7, S3 Cy20-23
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What is the formula for the vertabreas for cats?
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C7, T13, L7, S3 Cy5-23
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Where do you put the CCS?
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Sinoatrial node.
Wall of the right atrium. |
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what is peristalsis?
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Circular muscle contraction for the digestive tract.
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What is the canine dental formula?
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I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3
42 teeth |
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What is the feline dental formula?
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I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1
30 teeth |
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What is the equine dental formula?
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I3/3 C1/1 P3-4/3 M3/3
40-42 teeth |
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What is the porcine dental formula?
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I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M3/3
44teeth |
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What is the bovine dental formula?
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I 0/3 C0/1 P3/3 M3/3
32 teeth |
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What are the mechanical barriers of nonspecific immunity?
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Skin and mucus membranes.
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What are the chemical barriers of nonspecific immunity?
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Hydrocloric acid in the stomach.
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What WBC help with phgocytosis with nonspecific immunity?
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Neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages.
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Does nonpecifin immunity use interferon and the natural killer cells?
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True.
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What is compliment in reference to nonspecific immunity?
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A group of enzymes in plasma that can be activated by the attachment of an anitbody to an antigen.
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What is compliment fixation in reference to nonspecific immunity?
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Cascade of reactions that result in antigen lysis.
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What happens during specific immunity?
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Bcells produce antibodies & attck antigen. T cells atack the antigen. Lymphocytes get involved if needed.
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How is specific immunity initated?
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A reaction from the epitope on the invading cell wall.
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What is IgG?
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First Ig made during the first exposure to an antigen.
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What is IgM?
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Made when animal is exposed to an antigen for a long time or a second time.
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What is IgA?
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Leaves the blood and enters tissue fluids. Mucus.
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What is IgE?
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Assosiated with alergic response.
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what is IgD?
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Unkown.
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What is passive immunity?
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An imunity an animal gets from its mothers milk/placenta or from another animal with an imunity.
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Are memory cells needed for passive immunity?
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No.
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What is Colostrum?
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Antibody rich milk.
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What is active immunity?
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Animals own immunity. Memory b&t cells are produced.
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What is the order of the respritory tract?
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Nostrils
nasal passage pharynx larynx trachea avioli bronchi bronchioles alveolar ducts |
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What are the parts of a electrocardiogram?
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Pwave
QRS complex T wave. |