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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ON-bipolar cells and OFF-bipolar cells are subtypes of which type(s) of bipolar cells?
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Midget bipolar cells
Diffuse bipolar cells |
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What are the 4 major types of bipolar cells?
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Rod bipolar cells
Midget bipolar cells Diffuse bipolar cells S-Cone (Blue Cone) bipolar cells |
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Which of the 4 major types of bipolar cells depolarize(s) in response to light?
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Rod bipolar cells
S-Cone (Blue Cone) bipolar cells |
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ON-bipolar cells _______ (depolarize, hyperpolarize) in response to light.
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depolarize
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OFF-bipolar cells _____ (depolarize, hyperpolarize) in response to light.
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hyperpolarize
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What type of synapse do ON-bipolar cells form?
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triad (invaginated) synapse
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What type of synapse do OFF-bipolar cells form?
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flat synapse
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Describe a triad synapse.
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An ON-bipolar cell and 2 horizontal cells push into an invagination at the end of a cone.
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Why does photoreceptor saturation occur?
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There's a limited # of sodium pores in the photoreceptor outer segment that can close.
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A patient has a normal EOG, a normal flash ERG, a reduced pattern ERG and a reduced VEP. Differential diagnosis?
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Optic nerve disease or macular disease
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Flash ERG does not measure what type of retinal cell(s)?
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ganglion cells
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You run a flash ERG with a blue flash and a bright background light. What results should you expect?
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Very little response, if any.
Blue light biases response towards rods (since there are few blue cones), but bright background light prevents rods from functioning! |
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When would you use a bright flash ERG?
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when ocular media is cloudy or contains a hemorrhage
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Which type of ERG will tell you about retinal ganglion cell function?
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pattern ERG (PERG)
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Loss of the left visual field corresponds to damage on the _____ (left, right) hemisphere of the brain.
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left
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Loss of the superior visual field corresponds to damage _____ (above, below) the calcarine fissure.
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below
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The completion phenomenon occurs as a result of...?
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disabled hypercomplex cell function (end-stopping cells cease firing)
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An anterior LGN lesion would correspond with loss of what part of the visual field?
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inferior visual field
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Damage to the lateral part of the LGN would correspond to loss of what part of the visual field?
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peripheral visual field
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In which area of cortex are ocular dominance column strongest?
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Layer 4C of area V1
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Alzheimer's disease will show an abnormal reading in what type of ERG?
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Pattern ERG
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Most clinical optometric tests use which method of threshold determination?
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method of limits
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