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162 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Legislation surrounding Dangerous goods |
Emergency management act Australian dangerous goods code |
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Objective of Emergency management act? |
To ensure that prevention, response and recovery are organised within a structured |
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Difference between dangerous goods and hazardous materials? |
DG - classified on the basis of immediate physical or chemical effects HS - classified on basis of health effects (immediate or long term) |
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Dangerous goods definition |
Specifically listed in the ADG code Substances may be: Corrosive, Flammable, toxic, oxidisers or water reactive |
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Location of: Outer warning notices Composite warning notices |
OWN - at all entrances from a public road street amd rail entries CWN - adjacent to all storage areas. Outside main entrance to building Adjacent to any storage tanks |
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EIP information (6) (emergency information panel) |
Back (Definition) |
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HAZMAT marking system What are the 4 catergories? |
Red- fire hazard Blue - health hazard Yellow - reactivity White - specific hazard |
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What is the HAZCHEM emergency action code? And know how to apply it to table. |
Refer |
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Types of dangerous goods containers? (11) |
- 25 & 50L plastic containers - 50kg removable head steel drums - boxes - IBC ‘s (inter bulk container) - shipping containers - chlorine cylinders - ISO tankers - portable cylinder banks - bulker bags - multiwall bags |
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Types of identification of product? |
UN number CAS number EIP Safe storage and handling guides |
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Safe approach to HAZMAT incident requirements.. |
Approach from uphill/upwind Keep safe distance of initially 70m Identify dangerous goods from a distance using all avenues Interview personell onsite |
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4 essential questions when responding to HAZMAT event. |
What is the material? Shipping name, storage type, form, DG class How can it effect me? Toxicity, flammability,explosive potential, radioactivity, exposure standards, downwind considerations How can i protect myself from it? PPE, isolation distances, info sources/record keeping How can we deal with it? Mitigation techniques, deconn procedures, recovery, handover |
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Support agencies |
Vic pol Ambo Vic Tech specialists DHS Worksafe Vic EPA Local water and council SES |
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Define a HAZMAT incident. |
An emergency that involves the release or potential release of a hazardous material, with or without fire |
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Define a HAZMAT incident. |
An emergency that involves the release or potential release of a hazardous material, with or without fire |
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Hazmat action guide (HAG sheet) |
Front All relevant information collected on scene Back Vkn8 provided From chemdata Required clothing State of product Hazards Effect of water Actions that may be taken Fire fighters medium Personal decontam method Enviro pro priority |
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Material safety data sheets (msds) |
16 sections Important ones Chemical product and company identification Hazard identification Fire fighting measures Accidentally release measures Exposure controls Physical/chem properties |
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6 sources of information (Highest to lowest) |
1 safe approach 2 HAZCHEM code 3 IERG 4 HAG sheet 5 MSDS 6 Tech specialists |
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Acids and bases - pH scale |
Range = 0-14 Neutral - water 7 Acids have pH less than 7. Will attack/corrode metals, wood, cotton Alkalis have pH more than 7. Will dissolve fats and animal tissues |
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Solubility and miscibility |
Solubility is ability of a state of matter to dissolve in liquid.
Miscibility is case of a certain liquid being soluble in another liquid. (Usually water) Eg. Immiscible will sink or sit on top of water |
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Petrol Auto ignition Fire point Flash point |
Flash -43 Fire - 37 Auto - 280 |
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Petrol Auto ignition Fire point Flash point |
Flash -43 Fire - 37 Auto - 280 |
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Effects of Hazardous Materials |
Toxicity Flammability Reactivity Corrosiveness |
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Airborne contaminants |
Gases Hydrogen, methane, propane Vapours Petrol, ethanol Aerosols Particles suspended in air. Eg. dusts, smoke, mists, fumes |
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Airborne contaminants |
Gases Hydrogen, methane, propane Vapours Petrol, ethanol Aerosols Particles suspended in air. Eg. dusts, smoke, mists, fumes |
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Types of measurement |
V/v% % LEL Parts per million (ppm) |
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What are the exposure standards set by Safe work Australia? |
TIme weighted avg - TWA 8hr day 5 day week Short term exposure limit - STEL 15 mins at a time exposure Peak limitation value - PLV Above value = unacceptable |
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What is IDLH? How is it expressed? |
Immediate Danger to Life and Health
International standard expressed in ppm Any calue greater than IDLH is considered hot zone |
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What is IDLH? How is it expressed? |
Immediate Danger to Life and Health
International standard expressed in ppm Any calue greater than IDLH is considered hot zone |
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What determines cold warm and hot zones? |
Cold Less than TWA or half PLV Warm Less than IDLH or 10% LEL Hot Greater than IDLH or 10% LEL |
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Mitigation of hazardous materials? |
Site control initial isolation zone Control zones Containment |
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Spill vs leaks |
Spills Liquids , solids
Leaks Gas, liquids, solids |
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Routes of entry for a HAZARDOUS incident. |
Inhalation 90% risk Absorption 8% Ingestion 1% Injection 1% |
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Ways to mitigate spills? |
Confinement Diversion |
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Control actions of a spill? |
Vapour suppression Ventilation Absorption Absorbents Neutralisation Dillution |
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Mitigation actions for a leak? |
Dispersion Ventilation flare off |
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Types of technical specialists? |
Atmospheric monitoring teams Hazmat techs Fire service scientist advisors EPA officers |
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Aims of Decontamination? |
Ensures removal of contamination from casualties, personal and equipment Containing hazardous materials Ensure protection of cold zones |
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Aims of Decontamination? |
Ensures removal of contamination from casualties, personal and equipment Containing hazardous materials Ensure protection of cold zones |
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Types of Deconn? |
Technical - controlled methodical approach Emergency - gross deconn - removing worst of contaminants from casualties Mass/public - multiple people at one time. Public aimed |
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Aims of Decontamination? |
Ensures removal of contamination from casualties, personal and equipment Containing hazardous materials Ensure protection of cold zones |
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Types of Deconn? |
Technical - controlled methodical approach Emergency - gross deconn - removing worst of contaminants from casualties Mass/public - multiple people at one time. Public aimed |
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Roles/responsibilities at a deconn corridor? |
Back (Definition) |
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5 step approach to Hazmat? |
Initial considerations Cold zone reconn Hot zone reconn Mitigation (usually hot zone) Hand over |
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Initial clearance distance from any Hazmat job? |
70m |
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What are cryo genics? |
Liquified gases stored at extreme low temps. Nitrogen, hydrogen |
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What are cryo genics? |
Liquified gases stored at extreme low temps. Nitrogen, hydrogen |
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What is Hydrogen sulfide? Describe it and actions |
Poisonous gasthat affects several body systems Colourless, flammable, rotten egg smell |
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What are cryo genics? |
Liquified gases stored at extreme low temps. Nitrogen, hydrogen |
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What is Hydrogen sulfide? Describe it and actions |
Poisonous gasthat affects several body systems Colourless, flammable, rotten egg smell |
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Clandestine labs are used to manafacture? |
Weed Amphets Mdma |
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What are cryo genics? |
Liquified gases stored at extreme low temps. Nitrogen, hydrogen |
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What is Hydrogen sulfide? Describe it and actions |
Poisonous gasthat affects several body systems Colourless, flammable, rotten egg smell |
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Clandestine labs are used to manafacture? |
Weed Amphets Mdma |
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Hazards at a clandestine lab job? |
No signage of chemicals in play Do not isolate power Do turn off switches Do not switch off water Intruder aversion devices Larger risks of explosion |
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What are cryo genics? |
Liquified gases stored at extreme low temps. Nitrogen, hydrogen |
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What is Hydrogen sulfide? Describe it and actions |
Poisonous gasthat affects several body systems Colourless, flammable, rotten egg smell |
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Clandestine labs are used to manafacture? |
Weed Amphets Mdma |
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Hazards at a clandestine lab job? |
No signage of chemicals in play Do not isolate power Do turn off switches Do not switch off water Intruder aversion devices Larger risks of explosion |
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2 types of radiation penetration? |
Exposure Daily exposure of background radiation and ionisation radiation. Contamination Inhaled , injested, penetrated, deposited where not desired |
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Protective measures for radiation? |
ALARA (as low as reasonably achieveable) Time Distance Shielding |
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Protective measures for radiation? |
ALARA (as low as reasonably achieveable) Time Distance Shielding |
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Deconn tagging colours and tags? |
Back (Definition) |
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Types of Chemical biological radiological (CBR) incidents? |
Chemical agents Nerve, blood, choking amd blister agents Biological agents Anthrax, ricin, ebola, Radiological agents Dirty bombs |
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What are the 3 types of alarm detectors? |
Heat Sense temp change. Cost effective. Fire must be developed though Smoke Air sampling, beam type, point 2 point. Ionization & photoelectric smokes VESDA systems. (Used in sensitive environments)
Flame Respond rapidly to flaming fires. Typically used in industry. |
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What is an FIP? What does it do? |
Contains all controls and indicators for the fire detectors and sensors. Can connect to EWIS, AC system, pumps, Houses the ASE (alarm signal equip) |
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Common causes of false FIP calls! |
Welding, cutting, grinding Rain water in detector Installation/maintenance issues Battery failure Sprinkler heads broke |
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Common causes of false FIP calls! |
Welding, cutting, grinding Rain water in detector Installation/maintenance issues Battery failure Sprinkler heads broke |
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In terms of FIPs, what does the ASE do? |
Monitors system valves and sensors Transmits to monitoring company/fire service/outside world. (VKN8) |
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What is an EWIS? What does it do? |
Emergency warning intercom system. Activated by FIP Allows comms with specific floors or PA or evacuation Used in larger premises multistories etc |
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Air handling systems. (3) Three types |
Plant shut down Any air circulation system not used for smoke control is shut down
Stair pressurisation Positive pressure in stairwells
Zone pressurisation Decrease pressure in zones where fire present. Increase in neighbouring areas to force smoke back toward fire.
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FIP Call Procedure (10 steps) |
1 respond to FIP. Check ASE 2 identify LWG and if operating 3 identify zone effected/status 4 investigate area/detector 5 FF provide sitrep to IC 6 IC provides wordback 7 take action/false alarm 8 isolate or reset detector 9 reset main alarm/check ASE 10 owner notified/paperwork |
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Types of sprinkler systems? |
Wet pipe Dry pipe Wet & Dry Pre action Residential Deluge |
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Types of acceptable water supplies for sprinkler systems? |
Town mains (reticulated) Gravity tank Ground reserviors auto supply Elevated private reserviors Pressure tanks |
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Types of sprinkler heads and colour temp replacements? |
Fusible solder type Sealed glass bulb type |
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Sprinkler reinstating procedure. (9 steps) |
Back (Definition) |
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Basic layout of a sprinkler system.. |
Back (Definition) |
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4 causes of alarm activation: |
Opening of a sprinkler head Opening of a drain or test valve Damage to any part of installation which leads to an outflow of water A rise in pressure of supply this lifting the alarm valve. |
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4 causes of alarm activation: |
Opening of a sprinkler head Opening of a drain or test valve Damage to any part of installation which leads to an outflow of water A rise in pressure of supply this lifting the alarm valve. |
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Acronyms - sprinklers |
MCP manual call point BGA break glass alarm WIP wardens intercomm point VESDA very early smoke detection sysem RAD return air duct VMA valve monitoring alarm |
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3 types of fire in wildfire!! |
Ground Surface Crown |
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Breifing format for wildfire information? |
SMEACS S situation M ission E execution A admin & logistics C command & comms S safety |
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3 main variables that determine fire behaviour? |
Fuel Weather Topography |
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Weather impacts on spread of wildfire? |
Air temp Relative humidity Wind Atmospheric stability |
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5 Important characteristics of of fuel: |
Moisture content Size Arrangement Quantity Type
- gum leaf test - crackle test |
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What does atmospheric stability mean? |
Refers to the resistance of the atmosphere to verticle movement of air masses which occur when hot air rises and cool air replaces.
Unstable when Punches through inversion layer and rate of spread increases. |
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Elements of topography that effect fire behavior? |
Aspect Elevation Slope Interaction between terrain and wind |
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Symptoms of heat stroke |
Dry hot skin Disorientation Loss of cordination Collapse Convulsions Loss of conciousness May cause seziures |
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Harzards on fireground? |
Radiant heat Heat stress Heat stroke Smoke Fatigue Danegrous trees Machinery/equipment Slips trips falls Wildlife Lack of visibility Fences Sunburn Etc.... |
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Steps when caught in burn over in appliance. |
Ensure minimum of 1/4 tank in reserve Park clear of scrub long grass Remove excess fuel from area Leave lights on. Prepare protection hose lines Close all doors/vents/windows Drop down fire curtains Advise IC of location /actions Enter appliance sheltered side, cover with fire blanket Remain in appliance Activate burnover protection |
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Survival on foot in a wildfire steps |
Remain calm and dont panic Look after buddy Cut across slope instead of goin up hill unless needed Do not run through flame unless they are low enough Protect yourself from radiant heat with clothing. Lie face down and cover all exposed skin Take refuge in dams, streams and underground tanks. But not elevated tanks. |
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Safe working around helicopters? |
Visual communications with pilot Approach from lower side of gradient Carry equipment horizontally Stay in pilots view at all times |
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Steps if caught in firebombing? |
Move away from fire line Dont run or panic Place hand tools well clear Careful or wet slippery surfaces Hold helmet or protect head with arms Wash with clean water if hit with foam or retardent |
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Fire danger ratings (Chart) |
Back (Definition) |
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Wildfire firefighting stratergies. Offensive Defensive |
Offensive Direct - when safe. head/flank Paralell - requires machinery. Med to low intensity Indirect - intense/inaccessible fires. Requires planning. Severe conditions |
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What is mopping up/blacking out? |
Extinguish any smouldering fuels outside control Break up fuel concentrations Digging out burning roots and stump holes Extinguish any fresh outbreaks Particular emphasis on elevated burning material close to control |
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What T cards are used for? |
Given to each appliance on a strike team. Accounts for appliance and all its personell. Given to and pick up from strike team admin officers upon entry/exit |
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What is the Izone? |
Where bushland meets urban development |
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Types of assets in wildfire protection? |
Structures Machinery Infrastructure Fences Stock Plantations/forests Areas of special interest |
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Define LACES? |
Lookout Awareness Communications Escape routes Safety |
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Why do we complete Fore Investigation? |
Determine cause and origin Provide accurate info for further analysis Identify the presence of neglect or criminal activity |
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Who and when will FIA be called? |
At Commander or above request Request at 3rd alarm Auto response for 4th alarm For all fatalities and serious injuries |
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Who ate classes as ‘experts’ in relation to fire investigation? |
State coroner ESV Vic Pol Worksafe |
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Legislation pertaining to fire investigation: |
MFB 1958 Sec 32 powers of the chief Sec 71 place where fires occur Sec 71A restriction of access to fire area |
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Fire investigation is broken up into 4 parts: |
External examinations Internal examinations (preliminary) Internal exam (detailed, including point of origin) Interviews |
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Observations upon arrival to a fire: |
Smoke colour Flame colour Location of most intensity Location of seat of fire Recent tyre marks/footprints Suspicious persons What is black/burnt upon arrival. Or burnt already |
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When recording/reporting info at an incident: |
Constant and ongoing process Best to do as soon as possible whilst fresh in mind Detailed Sequential and time specific Recorded on appropriate report books Signed date |
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Who is the official controlling agency for road accidents? When would be a time MFB has control of incident? |
Vic Pol If there is a direct fire/materials hazard. Once hazard is controlled or task completed control is handed back to Vic Pol. Rescue can be completed by us, CFA,SES or private company. Again once complete, handed back to Vic Pol |
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What stations store the rescue appliances in MFB land? |
Carlton 3 Thomastown 7 Sunshine 44 Oakleigh 25 Nunawading 27 |
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Vehicle scene safety. What are the characteristics of the scene orientation? (Inner and outer circle) |
Inner: 10 meters around accident Considers number and types of injuries Hazards involved Access Outer: 10-30 meters Considers hazards, possible problems Persons thrown from vehicles |
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Vehicle scene safety. What are the characteristics of the scene orientation? (Inner and outer circle) |
Inner: 10 meters around accident Considers number and types of injuries Hazards involved Access Outer: 10-30 meters Considers hazards, possible problems Persons thrown from vehicles |
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Hazards with vehicle rescue? |
Fuel/oil spills Bystanders Hazardous materials Traffic Electricity Fences Lpg Weather Boilogical Airbags Water Fire |
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Labell a monocoque car construction? |
Back (Definition) |
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How are hybrid and LPG cars identified? |
Lpg - red triangles on number plates and filling point Hybrid - breen/cyan warning stickers on number plate |
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Where should SRS warning tape be placed when dealing with undeployed airbags at an incident? |
Clearly visible to persons in any direction Does not interfere with emergency response Does not put person laying tape in dangerous situations |
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Hazards when dealing with hybrid vehicles? |
2 energy sources 2 electrical systems Can be ON but still silent High voltage components Larger battery packs |
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Hazards when working near water: |
Swimmers inability Floating debris Collapsed roads/banks Live electrical cables Flash flooding GATIC COVERS MISSING water temp Currents/tides |
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Working over/ near water is classified by? |
Over or within 2m of water |
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Response procedure to water rescue? |
Back (Definition) |
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6 steps of Dynamic Risk assessment? |
Back (Definition) |
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What is the standard of PFD worn by crews working within 2m of water? |
SMA 275N PFD |
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Procedure for for deploying throwbag? |
Pull out 1-2m rope Hold running end with non throw hand Pinch top of bag with throw hand Shout to patient ‘rope’ Underarm technique accross patient Do not wrap rope around body/arm Avoid rope lagging between you and patient |
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When is a working at height or travel restraint required? |
When working near an edge thats is greater height than 2 m |
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What are the hierachy of control principles and examples of each with fall prevention? |
Back (Definition) |
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What is suspension trauma? How long is it when suspension trauma can occur? |
Blood begins to pool in legs when body is suspended upright. Greater than 10mins |
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Describe an ‘ARCHER’ check in terms of safe working from heights. |
A - anchors- Correct anchors and slings R - rigging/reeving - Knots correct. Reeving through ID & rocker. Function tests C - connectors - Screw gates on carabiners. Mallion screwed & tightened H - Harness, helmet, hardware - Harness/helmet on correct. PPE correct. All items secure E - edges - Check all ropes are not over sharp edges. Rope protectors if needed. R - ready on rope - Crew safely attached to LRL rope |
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Know petzl ID and its function: |
Back (Definition) |
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Know ‘rocker’ rope grap and its function: |
Back (Definition) |
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What is a traverse line? What is a tag line? Where would you use a figure 8 stopper knot? |
Back (Definition) |
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Full roof safety system. Labelled. |
Back (Definition) |
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What is QRAE’s purpose? |
Alert FF that they may be entering environment that contains flammable gases or low oxygen. |
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Must carry a QRAE when? |
Investigating alarm of fire or other emergency situations. When deemed appropriate by OIC |
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What is the minimum distance between radio and QRAE? |
150mm |
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Must carry a QRAE when? |
Investigating alarm of fire or other emergency situations. When deemed appropriate by OIC |
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What is the minimum distance between radio and QRAE? |
150mm |
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What is the procedure if QRAE alerts? |
Evacuate immediate area Notify IC Determine reason for alarm Carryout alternate action as required by IC. Eg: ventilate, shut off sources. |
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Whatare the 2 units of measurement the QRAE uses? |
Oxygen % (v/v) % of LEL |
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Whatare the 2 units of measurement the QRAE uses? |
Oxygen % (v/v) % of LEL |
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What are differences between gases, vapours and aerosols? |
Gases - too volitile to exist as a solid or liquid at atmosphere. Shut off source and disperse. Vapours - evaporations of a volitile product. Eg petrol. Cover liquid to control vapours. Disperse vapours. Aerosols - very small solid particles or liquid droplets. Use fine spray to bring aerosols to the ground and contain. |
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Whatare the 2 units of measurement the QRAE uses? |
Oxygen % (v/v) % of LEL |
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What are differences between gases, vapours and aerosols? |
Gases - too volitile to exist as a solid or liquid at atmosphere. Shut off source and disperse. Vapours - evaporations of a volitile product. Eg petrol. Cover liquid to control vapours. Disperse vapours. Aerosols - very small solid particles or liquid droplets. Use fine spray to bring aerosols to the ground and contain. |
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What are the LEL and UEL of: Methane Petrol Carbon monoxide Ethanol |
Methane 5.2 - 15 Petrol 1.2 - 7.1 Carbon Monox 12.5 - 74 Ethanol 3.3 - 19 |
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What will the QRAEs gas sensor NOT measure? |
Flammable dust - coal dust Flammable mists - kerosene Flammable gases in low oxygen atmosphere. Needs oxygen to operate |
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What are the QRAEs 4 alarm signals? |
Alert tone Red flashing led Vibration LCD screen |
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What is the lower and upper range of oxygen that the QRAE will alert? What is the % that the QRAE will operate at for flammable gases? |
Low alarm / High alarm 19.5% - 23.5% oxygen 5% - 10% flam gases |
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Components of QRAE? |
Back (Definition) |
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How do you perform bump testing and calibration of the QRAE? |
Place in autoRAE Lite Ensure filter is clean Turn on QRAE. Complete a fresh air calibration. Firmly press QRAE face down in cradle LED will illuminate Press bump test button Auto calibration must be performed when a bump test fails |
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How do you perform bump testing and calibration of the QRAE? |
Place in autoRAE Lite Ensure filter is clean Turn on QRAE. Complete a fresh air calibration. Firmly press QRAE face down in cradle LED will illuminate Press bump test button Auto calibration must be performed when a bump test fails |
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How often is a QRAE fully calibrated? |
Every month regardless of its use by Firefighters. |
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Types of aircraft? |
Fixed wing Rotary wing Hot air balloons Airships |
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Who has the final decision on any safety to do with aircraft? |
Pilot |
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Minimum clearance from the front of an aircraft? And Minimum distance feom an air intake at idle? |
8 meters |
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Aircraft categories (3) |
Lev 1 - up to 18 seats Lev 2 - up to 215 seats Lev 3 - up to 450 seats |
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Aircraft categories (3) |
Lev 1 - up to 18 seats Lev 2 - up to 215 seats Lev 3 - up to 450 seats |
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How many ARFF manned station catergories are there? |
10. Tullamarine is a class 10 |
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Classifications of incident of aviation? |
Local standby - may require assist Full emerg - approaching aircraft in difficulty Crash on airport - crash or about to crash in airport boundaries Crash off airport - crash outside airport perimeter |
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Airport Hazards (airside) |
Nav equip Electrical Hazardous materials Terrain Poorly lit areas Masts/aerials Livestock/fauna |
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2 types of aviation fuels and which is each for? |
Avgas - gasoline for piston type areas (props) Avtur - kerosine for turbine engines |
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What extinguish mediumshould be used on wheel/tyre fires of aircraft? |
Dry chem |
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What does the acronym AIRMEN stand for? |
A - approach from nose/tail. I - insulate/isolate passenger crew from fire with water/foam R - clear rescue path with foam/water M - maintain path for escape E - evacuate passengers immediately N - next appliance for support/back up |
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Minimum clearance for wheel/tyres areas? |
180 mtrs (bow tie) |
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What does ARFF stand for? |
Aviation Rescue Fire Fighter |
