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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fissure |
long cracks in the ground |
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active volcano |
currently erupting or showing signs of erupting soon |
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dormant volcano |
no current activity, but has erupted recently |
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effusive eruption |
no activity for some time; will probably not erupt again |
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eruption |
Each volcanic eruption is unique, differing in size, style, and composition of erupted material |
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explosive eruption |
creates even more devastation than the force of the atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki at the end of World War II . A large explosive volcanic eruption is 10,000 times as powerful |
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extinct volcano |
no activity for some time; will probably not erupt again |
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lahar |
which melted snow and created a volcanic mudflow |
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magma chamber |
Magma collects in magma chambers in the crust at 100 miles beneath the surface. |
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pyroclastic flow |
knock down everything in their path. The temperature inside a pyroclastic flow may be as high as 1,800°F |
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tephra |
The erupted material is called tephra |
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caldera |
This creates a huge hole or caldera into which the surface collapses |
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cinder cone |
are composed of small fragments of rock, such as pumice, piled on top of one another |
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composite volcano |
are made of felsic to intermediate rock |
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shield volcano |
are built by many layers over time and the layers are usually of very similar composition |
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supervolcano |
must erupt more than 1,000 cubic km of material |
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geyser |
created by water that is heated beneath the Earth’s surface, but geysers do not bubble to the surface, they erupt
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hot spring |
Water heated below ground that rises through a crack to the surface creates a hot spring
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lava dome |
If there is not enough magma or enough pressure to create an explosive eruption, the magma may form a lava dome.
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lava plateau |
A lava plateau forms when large amounts of fluid lava flows over an extensive area
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volcanism |
is the eruption of magma onto the surface of the Earth |
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hot spot |
area in the mantle from which heat rises as a thermal plume from deep in the Earth
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quiet eruption |
the lava slowly flows out and forms flat layers that eventually make a shield volcano
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igneous rock |
is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava
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magma |
hot fluid below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling
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pyroclastic material |
cloud of ash, lava fragments carried through the air, and vapor.
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lava |
hot molten erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this
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lapilli |
rock fragments ejected from a volcano
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volcanic dust |
formed during explosive volcaniceruptions when dissolved gases in magma expand and escape violently into the atmosphere
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volcanic bombs |
a lump of lava thrown out by a volcano
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volcanic blocks |
a fragment of rock that measures more than 64 mm in diameter and is erupted in a solid condition |
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pillow lava |
lava that has solidified as rounded masses, characteristic of eruption under water
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felsic |
group of light-colored minerals including
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crater |
circular depression around avolcanic vent. This is where the lava, ash and rock erupt out of a volcano
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aa |
basaltic lava having a rough surface
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pahoehoe |
basaltic lava forming smooth undulating or ropy masses
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mafic |
group of dark colored minerals |
