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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The structures of the trachea and the bronchi.
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Tracheobronchial tree
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Associated disease process.
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Co-morbidity
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Union between xiphoid process and body of the sternum.
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Xiphisternal joint
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Central medial region of the lung where the bronchi and pulmonary vasculature enter the lung.
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Pulmonary hilum
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Collapse of a lung or part of a lung.
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Atelectasis
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Large arteries and veins located in the mediastinum that enter and exit the heart.
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Great vessels
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Fibrous sac that surrounds the heart.
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Pericardium
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Serous membrane covering the other surface of the heart; the visceral pericardium.
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Epicardium
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The cardiac muscle tissue of the heart.
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Myocardium
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Cordlike remnant of a fetal vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta at the aortic isthmus.
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Ligamentum arteriosum
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Signs and Symptoms of Chest Wall Injuries
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- Blunt or penetrating trauma to chest
- Erythema - Ecchymosis - Dyspnea - Pain on breathing - Limited breath sounds - Hypoventilation - Crepitus - Paradoxical motion of chest wall |
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Defect in the chest wall that allows for free movement of a segment. Breathing will cause paradoxical chest wall motion.
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Flail chest
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Air in the pleural space.
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Pneumothorax
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Signs and Symptoms of Pneumothorax
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- Trauma to chest
- Chest pain on inspiration - Hyperinflation of chest - Diminished breath sounds on affected side |
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Signs and Symptoms of Open Pneumothorax
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- Penetrating chest trauma
- Sucking chest wound - Frothy blood at wound site - Dyspnea - Hypovolemia |
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Buildup of air under pressure within the thorax. The resulting compression of the lung severely reduces the effectiveness of respirations.
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Tension pneumothorax
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Signs and Symptoms of Tension Pneumothorax
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- Chest trauma
- Severe dyspnea - Ventilation/perfusion mismatch - Hypoxemia - Hyperventilation of affected side of chest - Hyperresonance of affected side of chest - Diminished, then absent breath sounds - Cyanosis - Diaphoresis - Altered mental status - Jugular venous distension - Hypotension - Hypovolemia |
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Blood within the pleural space.
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Hemothorax
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Condition where air and blood are in the pleural space.
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Hemopneumothorax
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Signs and symptoms of Hemothorax
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- Blunt or penetrating chest trauma
- Signs ans symptoms of shock - Dyspnea - Dull percussive sounds over site of collecting blood. |
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Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Contusion
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- Blunt or penetrating chest trauma
- Increasing dyspnea - Hypoxia - Increasing crackles - Diminishing breath sounds - Hemoptysis - Signs and symptoms of shock |
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Coughing of blood that originates in the respiratory tract.
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Hemoptysis
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Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Contusion
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- Blunt injury to chest
- Bruising of chest wall - Rapid heart rate - may be irregular - Severe nagging pain not relieved with rest but may be relieved with oxygen |
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Area of the chest wall overlying the heart.
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Precordium
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A restriction to cardiac filling caused by blood (or other fluid) within the pericardial sac.
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Pericardial tamponade
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Signs and Symptoms of Pericardial Tamponade
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- Dyspnea or possible cyanosis
- Jugular venous distention - Weak, thready pulse - Decreasing blood pressure - Shock - Narrowing pulse pressure |
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Drop of greater than 10 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure during the inspiratory phase of respiration that occurs in patients with pericardial tamponade.
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Pulses paradoxus
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Alternating amplitude of the P, QRS, and T waves on the ECG rhythm strip as the heart swings in a pendulum-like fashion within the pericardial sac during tamponade.
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Electrical alternans
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A weakening or balloning in the wall of a blood vessel.
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Aneurysm
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