Vol 04 Chap 06 - Burns

Front 1

Layers of the Skin

Back 1

- Epidermis - Outermost layer
- Dermis - Layer of tissue beneath the epidermis
- Subcutaneous tissue - Fatty layer of tissues beneath the dermis

Front 2

Basic Types of Burns

Back 2

- Thermal
- Electrical
- Chemical
- Radiation

Front 3

Alter the usual substance of something.

Back 3

Denature

Front 4

Explanation of the physical effects of thermal burns.

Back 4

Jackson's theory of thermal wounds

Front 5

Effects of Heat According to Jackson's Theory of Thermal Wounds

Back 5

- Zone of coagulation - most damaged area nearest heat source; cell membranes rupture and are destroyed, blood coagulates, structural proteins denature
- Zone of stasis - adjacent to most damaged region; inflammation present, blood flow decreased
- Zone of hyperemia - are farthest from heat source; limited inflammation and changes in blood flow

Front 6

Area in a burn nearest the heat source that suffers the most damage and is characterized by clotted blood and thrombosed blood vessels.

Back 6

Zone of coagulation

Front 7

Area in a burn surrounding the zone of coagulation that is characterized by decreased blood flow.

Back 7

Zone of stasis

Front 8

Area peripheral to a burn that is characterized by increased blood flow.

Back 8

Zone of hyperemia

Front 9

First stage of the burn process that is characterized by a catecholamine release and pain-mediated reaction.

Back 9

Emergent phase

Front 10

Stage of the burn process in which there is a massive shift of fluid from the intravascular to the extravascular space.

Back 10

Fluid shift phase

Front 11

The volume contained by all the arteries, veins, capillaries, and other components of the circulatory system.

Back 11

Intravascular space

Front 12

The volume contained by all the cells (intracellular space) and the space between the cells (interstitial space).

Back 12

Extravascular space

Front 13

Stage of the burn process in which there is increased body metabolism in an attempt by the body to heal the burn.

Back 13

Hypermetabolic phase

Front 14

Final stage of the burn process in which scar tissue is laid down and the healing process is complete.

Back 14

Resolution phase

Front 15

The difference of electric potential between two points with different concentrations of electrons.

Back 15

Voltage

Front 16

Basic unit for measuring the strength of an electric current.

Back 16

Ampere

Front 17

Property of a conductor that opposes the passage of an electric current.

Back 17

Resistance

Front 18

Basic unit for measuring the strength of electrical resistance.

Back 18

Ohm

Front 19

The physical law identifying that the current is an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the resistance.

Back 19

Ohm's law

Front 20

The physical law stating that the rate of heat production is directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit and to the square of the current

Back 20

Joule's law

Front 21

Processes of Chemical Burns

Back 21

- Acids - usually form a thick, insoluble mass where they contact tissue through coagulation necrosis, limiting burn damage
- Alkalis - usually continue to destroy cell membranes through liquefaction necrosis, allowing them to penetrate underlying tissue and causing deeper burns

Front 22

The process in which an acid, while destroying tissue, forms an insoluble layer that limits further damage.

Back 22

Coagulation necrosis

Front 23

The process in which an alkali dissolves and liquefies tissue.

Back 23

Liquefaction necrosis

Front 24

The process of changing a substance into separate charged particles (ions).

Back 24

Ionization

Front 25

Low-level form of nuclear radiation; a weak source of energy that is stopped by clothing or the first layers of skin.

Back 25

Alpha radiation

Front 26

Type of Radiation

Back 26

- Alpha - very weak, stopped by paper, clothing, or the epidermis
- Beta - more powerful than alpha; can travel 6 to 10 feet through air; can penetrate some clothing and the first few millimeters of skin
- Gamma - most powerful ionization radiation; great penetrating power; protection requires thick concrete or lead shielding
- Neutron - great penetrating power, but uncommon outside nuclear reactors and bombs

Front 27

Medium-strength radiation that is stopped with light clothing or the uppermost layers of skin.

Back 27

Beta radiation

Front 28

Powerful electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive substances with powerful penetrating properties; it is stronger than alpha and beta radiation.

Back 28

Gamma radiation

Front 29

Powerful radiation with penetrating properties between that of beta and gamma radiation.

Back 29

Neutron radiation

Front 30

Factors Affecting Exposure to Radiation

Back 30

- Duration of exposure
- Distance from the source
- Shielding from the source

Front 31

Basic unit of absorbed radiation dose.

Back 31

Rad

Front 32

A unit of absorbed radiation dose equal to 100 rads.

Back 32

Gray

Front 33

Referring to the upper airway.

Back 33

Supraglottic

Front 34

Referring to the lower airway.

Back 34

Subglottic

Front 35

Depth of Burn

Back 35

- Superficial (first degree) - involves only the epidermis; produces pain, minor edema, and erythema (redness)
- Partial thickness (second degree) - involves epidermis and dermis; produces pain, edema, erythema, blisters
- Full thickness (third degress) - involves all skin layers and possibly structures beneath; painless, but tissue is destroyed; white, brown, or charred, leather-like appearance

Front 36

A burn that involves only the epidermis; characterized by reddening of the skin; also called a first-degree burn.

Back 36

Superficial burn

Front 37

Burn in which the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is damaged; characterized by redness and blistering; also called a second-degree burn.

Back 37

Partial thickness burn

Front 38

Burn that damages all layers of the skin; characterized by areas that are white and dry; also called a third degree burn.

Back 38

Full thickness burn

Front 39

Amount of a patient's body affected by a burn.

Back 39

Body surface area (BSA)

Front 40

Method of estimating amount of body surface area burned by a division of the body into regions, each of which represents approximately 9 percent of total BSA (plus 1 percent for the genital region).

Back 40

Rule of nines

Front 41

Method of estimating the amount of body surface area burned that sizes the area burned in comparison to the patient's palmar surface.

Back 41

Rule of palms

Front 42

Hard, leathery product of a deep full thickness burn; it consists of dead and denatured skin.

Back 42

Eschar

Front 43

Twitching of the eyelids.

Back 43

Blepharospasm