Vol 03 Chap 11 - Infectious Disease

Front 1

Illness caused by infestation of the body by biological organisms.

Back 1

Infectious disease

Front 2

The individual who first introduced an infectious agent to a population.

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Index case

Front 3

Organisms that live inside our bodies without ordinarily causing disease.

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Normal flora

Front 4

Organism capable of causing disease.

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Pathogen

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Ordinarily nonharmful bacterium that causes disease only under unusual circumstances.

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Opportunistic pathogen

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Microscopic single-celled organisms that range in length from 1 to 20 micrometers.

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Bacteria

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Method of differentiating types of bacteria according to their reaction to a chemical stain process.

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Gram stain

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Types of Bacteria

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- Spheres (cocci)
- Rods
- Spirals

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Toxic waste products released by living bacteria.

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Exotoxin

Front 10

Toxic products released when bacteria die and decompose.

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Endotoxin

Front 11

Capable of killing bacteria.

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Bactericidal

Front 12

Capable of inhibiting bacterial growth or reproduction.

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Bacteriostatic

Front 13

Disease-causing organism that can be seen only with an electron microscope.

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Virus

Front 14

Organism that can grow and reproduce only within a host cell.

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Obligate intracellular parasite

Front 15

Particles of protein, folded in such a way that protease enzymes cannot act upon them.

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Prions

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Plantlike microorganism; pl. fungi.

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Fungus

Front 17

Single-celled parasitic organism with flexible membranes and the ability to move.

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Protozoan

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Organism that lives in or on another organism.

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Parasite

Front 19

Parasite that is 3-10 mm long and lives in the distal colon.

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Pinworm

Front 20

Parasite that attaches to the host's intestinal lining.

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Hookworm

Front 21

Disease resulting from an infestation of Trichinella spriralis.

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Trichinosis

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Any living creature or environment (water, soil, etc.) that can harbor an infectious agent.

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Reservoir

Front 23

Transmitted by contact with blood or body fluids.

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Bloodbourne

Front 24

Transmitted through the air by droplets or particles.

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Airborne

Front 25

Transmission of organisms picked up form the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., feces) into the mouth.

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Fecal-oral route

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Capable of being transmitted to another host.

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Communicable

Front 27

Presence of an agent only on the surface of the host without penetrating it.

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Contamination

Front 28

Presence of an agent within the host, without necessarily causing disease.

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Infection

Front 29

Factors Affecting Disease Transmission

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- Mode of entry
- Virulence
- Number of organisms transmitted
- Host resistance

Front 30

An organism's strength or ability to infect or overcome the body's defenses.

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Virulence

Front 31

A host's ability to fight off infection.

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Resistance

Front 32

Time when a host cannot transmit an infectious agent to someone else

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Latent period

Front 33

Time when a host can transmit an infectious agent to someone else.

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Communicable period

Front 34

Time between a host's exposure to infectious agent and the appearance of symptoms.

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Incubation period

Front 35

Surface protein on most viruses and bacteria that identifies them as self and non-self.

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Antigen

Front 36

Protein that is produced in response to and that attacks a disease antigen.

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Antibody

Front 37

Creation of antibodies after exposure to a disease.

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Seroconversion

Front 38

Time between exposure to a disease and seroconversion.

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Window phase

Front 39

The duration from the onset of signs and symptoms of disease until the resolution of symptoms or death.

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Disease period

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The body's mechanism for defending against foreign invaders.

Back 40

Immune system

Front 41

The cell involved in the immune response.

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Reticuloendothelial system (RES)

Front 42

White blood cell.

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Leukocyte

Front 43

The most common phagocytic white blood cell.

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Neutrophil

Front 44

After neutrophils, the most common phagocytic white blood cell.

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Macrophage

Front 45

Process in which certain white blood cells ingest invaders.

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Phagocytosis

Front 46

Generalized, temporary defense against any invader.

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Cell-mediated immunity

Front 47

Specialized, permanent defense against a particular foreign antigen.

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Humoral immunity

Front 48

Cells that attacks invaders in immune response.

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Lymphocyte

Front 49

Cells that attack invaders in cell-mediated immune responses.

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T lymphocytes

Front 50

Cells that attack invaders in humoral immune responses.

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B lymphocytes

Front 51

Antibody.

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Immunoglobulin

Front 52

Classes of Human Antibodies

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- IgG
- IgM
- IgA
- IgD
- IgE

Front 53

The body's formation of antibodies against itself.

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Autoimmunity

Front 54

Secondary circulatory system that collects overflow fluid from the tissue spaces and filters it before returning it to the circulatory system.

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Lymphatic system

Front 55

Overflow circulatory fluid in spaces between tissues.

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Lymph

Front 56

Newborn's protection against disease that results from the mother's transferring some of her antibodies to the fetus.

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Passive immunity

Front 57

Protection against disease developed after birth as a result of a direct exposure to the disease.

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Active immunity

Front 58

Phases of Prehospital Infection Control

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- Preparation for response
- Response
- Patient contact
- Recovery

Front 59

Purified protein derivative, the substance used in a test for tuberculosis.

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PPD

Front 60

To destroy or remove pathogens.

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Decontaminate

Front 61

Decontamination Levels

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- Low-level disinfection
- Intermediate-level disinfection
- High-level disinfection
- Sterilization

Front 62

To destroy certain forms of microorganisms, but not all.

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Disinfect

Front 63

To destroy all microorganisms.

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Sterilize

Front 64

Federal law that outlines the rights and responsibilities of agencies and heath care workers when an infectious disease exposure occurs.

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Ryan White Act

Front 65

Diseases of Immediate Concern to EMS Providers

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- HIV
- Hepatitis
- Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia
- SARS
- Chickenpox
-Meningitis

Front 66

Organism responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Front 67

Inflammation of the liver characterized by diffuse or patchy tissue necrosis.

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Hepatitis

Front 68

Disease caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the respiratory system.

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Tuberculosis (TB)

Front 69

A device for protecting the face.

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Mask

Front 70

Acute infection of the lung, including alveolar spaces and interstitial tissue.

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Pneumonia

Front 71

A highly infectious viral respiratory illness that first appeared in southern China in 2002.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Front 72

Viral disease characterized by a rash of fluid-filled vesicles that rupture, forming small ulcers that eventually scab; commonly called chickenpox.

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Varicella

Front 73

Inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by an infection.

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Meningitis

Front 74

Physical exam finding in which flexion of the neck causes flexion of the hips and knees.

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Brudzinki's sign

Front 75

Inability to fully extend the knees with hips flexed.

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Kernig's sign

Front 76

Other Job-Related Airborne Diseases

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- Influenza and the common cold
- Measles
- Mumps
- Rubella
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Pertussis

Front 77

Disease caused by a group of viruses.

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Influenza

Front 78

Highly contagious, acute viral disease characterized by a reddish rash that appears on the fourth or fifth day of illness.

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Measles

Front 79

Acute viral disease characterized by painful enlargement for the salivary glands.

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Mumps

Front 80

Systemic viral disease characterized by a fine pink rash that appears on the face, trunk, and extremities and fades quickly.

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Rubella (German measles)

Front 81

Common cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Front 82

Disease characterized by severe, violent coughing.

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Pertussis

Front 83

Phases of Pertussis

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- Catarrhal
- Paroxysmal
- Convalescent

Front 84

Viral Diseases Transmitted by Contact

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- Mononucleosis
- Herpes simplex virus type 1

Front 85

Acute disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

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Mononucleosis

Front 86

Organism that causes infections characterized by fluid-filled vesicles, usually in the oral cavity or on the genitals.

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Herpes simplex virus

Front 87

Other Infectious Respiratory Conditions

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- Epiglottitis
- Croup
- Pharyngitis
- Sinusitis
- Hantavirus

Front 88

Infection and inflammation of the epiglottis.

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Epiglottitis

Front 89

Viral illness characterized by inspiratory and expiratory stridor and a seal barklike cough.

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Croup

Front 90

Infection of the pharynx and tonsils.

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Pharyngitis

Front 91

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

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Sinusitis

Front 92

Family of viruses that are carried by the deer mouse and transmitted by ticks and other arthropods.

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Hantavirus

Front 93

GI System Infections

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- Gastroenteritis
- Food poisoning

Front 94

Generalized disorder involved nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal cramping or discomfort, and diarrhea.

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Gastroenteritis

Front 95

Nonspecific terms often applied to gratroenteritis that occurs suddenly and that is caused b the ingestion of food containing preformed toxins.

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Food poisoning

Front 96

Nervous System Infections

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- Encephalitis
- Rabies
- Tetanus
- Lyme disease

Front 97

Acute infection of the brain, usually caused by a virus.

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Encephalitis

Front 98

Viral disorder that affects the nervous system.

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Rabies

Front 99

Acute bacterial infection of the central nervous system.

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Tetanus

Front 100

Recurrent inflammatory disorder caused by a tick-borne spirochete.

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Lyme disease

Front 101

Stages of Lyme Disease

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- Early localized
- Early disseminated
- Late

Front 102

Illness most commonly transmitted through sexual contact.

Back 102

Sexually transmitted disease (STD)

Front 103

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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- Gonorrhea
- Syphilis
- Genital warts
- Herpes simplex type 2
- Chlamydia
- Trichomoniasis
- Chancroid

Front 104

Sexually transmitted disease by a gram-negative bacterium.

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Gonorrhea

Front 105

Bloodborne sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum.

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Syphilis

Front 106

Stages of Syphilis

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- Primary
- Secondary
- Latent
- Tertiary

Front 107

Warts occurring in the genital area caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)

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Genital warts

Front 108

Group of intracellular parasites that cause sexually transmitted diseases.

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Chlamydia

Front 109

Sexually transmitted disease caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis.

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Trichomiasis

Front 110

Highly contagious sexually transmitted ulcer.

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Chancroid

Front 111

Diseases of the Skin

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- Impetigo
- Lice
- Scabies

Front 112

Infection of the skin caused y staphylococci or streptococci.

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Impetigo

Front 113

Parasitic infestation of the skin of the scalp, trunk, or pubic area.

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Lice

Front 114

Presence of parasites that do not break the host's skin.

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Infestation

Front 115

Skin disease caused by mite infestation and characterized by intense itching.

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Scabies

Front 116

Acquired while in the hospital.

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Nosocomial