Vol 03 Chap 06 - Gastroenterology

Front 1

Gastrointestinal Disease Risk Factors

Back 1

- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Excessive smoking
- Increased stress
- Ingestion of caustic substances
- Poor bowel habits

Front 2

Dull, poorly localized pain that originates in the walls of hollow organs.

Back 2

Visceral pain

Front 3

Types of Gastrointestinal Pain

Back 3

- Visceral
- Somatic
- Referred

Front 4

Inflammation of the peritoneum, which lines the abdominal cavity.

Back 4

Peritonitis

Front 5

Sharp, localized pain that originates in the walls of the body such as skeletal muscles.

Back 5

Somatic pain

Front 6

Pain that originates in a region other than where it is felt.

Back 6

Referred pain

Front 7

Ecchymosis in the periumbilical area.

Back 7

Cullen's sign

Front 8

Ecchymosis in the flank.

Back 8

Grey Turner's sign

Front 9

The Gastrointestinal System

Back 9

- GI tract
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- Appendix

Front 10

The Upper GI Tract

Back 10

- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Duodenum

Front 11

Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the ligament of Treitz.

Back 11

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Front 12

Ligament that supports the duodenojejunal junction.

Back 12

Ligament of Treitz

Front 13

Major Causes of Upper GI Hemorrhage

Back 13

- Peptic ulcer disease
- Gastritis
- Varix rupture
- Mallory-Weiss tear
- Esophagitis
- Duodenitis

Front 14

Esophageal laceration, usually secondary to vomiting.

Back 14

Mallory-Weiss tear

Front 15

Bloody vomitus.

Back 15

Hematemesis

Front 16

Dark, tarry, foul-smelling stool indicating the presence of partially digested blood.

Back 16

Melena

Front 17

Three-lumen tube used in treating esophageal bleeding.

Back 17

Sengstaken-Blakemore tube

Front 18

Upper GI Diseases

Back 18

- Esophageal varices
- Acute gastroenteritis
- Gastroenteritis (chronic)
- Peptic ulcers

Front 19

Swollen vein of the esophagus.

Back 19

Esophageal varix

Front 20

Pertaining to the flow of blood into the liver.

Back 20

Portal

Front 21

Degenerative disease of the liver.

Back 21

Cirrhosis

Front 22

Sudden onset of inflammation of the stomach and intestines.

Back 22

Acute gastroenteritis

Front 23

Bright red blood in the stool.

Back 23

Hematochezia

Front 24

Nonacute inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Back 24

Chronic gastroenteritis

Front 25

Erosion caused by gastric acid.

Back 25

Peptic ulcer

Front 26

Condition that causes the stomach to secrete excessive amounts of hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

Back 26

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Front 27

Lower GI Tract

Back 27

- Jejunum
- Ileum
- Large intestine
- Rectum
- Anus

Front 28

Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract distal to the ligament of Treitz.

Back 28

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Front 29

Major Causes of Lower GI Hemorrhage

Back 29

- Diverticulosis
- Colon lesions
- Rectal lesions
- Inflammatory bowel disorder

Front 30

Lower GI Diseases

Back 30

- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn's disease
- Diverticulitis
- Hemorrhoids
- Bowel obstruction

Front 31

Ulcerative colitis spread throughout the entire colon.

Back 31

Pancolitius

Front 32

Ulcerative colitis limited to the rectum

Back 32

Proctitis

Front 33

Acute pain associated with cramping or spasms in the abdominal organs.

Back 33

Colic

Front 34

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorder associated with the small intestine.

Back 34

Crohn's disease

Front 35

Inflammation of diverticula.

Back 35

Diverticulitus

Front 36

Presence of diverticula, with or without associated bleeding.

Back 36

Diverticulosis

Front 37

Small outpouchings in the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract.

Back 37

Diverticula

Front 38

Small mass of swollen veins in the anus or rectum.

Back 38

Hemorrhoid

Front 39

Blockage of the hollow space within the intestines.

Back 39

Bowel obstruction

Front 40

Protrusion of an organ through its protective sheath.

Back 40

Hernia

Front 41

Condition that occurs when part of an intestine slips into the part just distal to itself.

Back 41

Intussusception

Front 42

Twisting of the intestine on itself.

Back 42

Volvulus

Front 43

Union of normally separated tissue surfaces by a fibrous band of new tissue.

Back 43

Adhesion

Front 44

Area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood.

Back 44

Infarction

Front 45

Accessory Organ Diseases

Back 45

- Appendicitis
- Cholecystitis
- Pancreatitis
- Hepatitis

Front 46

Inflammation of the vermiform appendix at the juncture of the large and small intestines.

Back 46

Appendicitis

Front 47

Common site of pain from appendicitis, 1 to 2 inches above the anterior iliac crest in a direct line with the umbilicus.

Back 47

McBurney's point

Front 48

Pain caused when an inflamed gallbladder is palpated by pressing under the right costal margin.

Back 48

Murphy's sign

Front 49

Causes of Acute Pancreatitis

Back 49

- Alcohol abuse
- Gallstones
- Elevated serum lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides)
- Drug induced

Front 50

Pancreatitis (Mild) Signs and Symptoms

Back 50

- Epigastric pain
- Abdominal distention
- Nausea/vomiting
- Elevated amylase and lipase

Front 51

Pancreatitis (Severe) Signs and Symptoms

Back 51

- Refractory hypotensive shock
- Blood loss
- Respiratory failure