Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Chemical substance released by a gland that controls or affects processes in other glands or body systems.
|
Hormone
|
|
|
Gland that secretes chemical substances directly into the blood; also called a ductless gland.
|
Endocrine gland
|
|
|
Gland that secretes chemical substances to nearby tissues through a duct; also called a ducted gland.
|
Exocrine gland
|
|
|
The natural tendency of the body to keep the internal environment and metabolism steady and normal.
|
Homeostasis
|
|
|
The sum of cellular processes that produce the energy and molecules needed for growth and repair.
|
Metabolism
|
|
|
Endocrine Glands
|
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary - Thyroid - Parathyroid - Thymus - Pancreas - Adrenals - Gonads - Pineal |
|
|
Part of the nervous system controlling involuntary bodily functions. It is divided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems.
|
Autonomic nervous system
|
|
|
Excessive urine production caused by inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone.
|
Diabetes insipidus
|
|
|
The breakdown of glycogen to glucose, primarily by liver cells.
|
Glycogenolysis
|
|
|
Conversion of protein and fat to form glucose.
|
Gluconeogenesis
|
|
|
Disorder of inadequate insulin activity, due either to inadequate production of insulin or to decreased responsiveness of body cells to insulin.
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
|
|
The constructive or "building up" phase of metabolism.
|
Anabolism
|
|
|
The destructive or "breaking down" phase of metabolism.
|
Catabolism
|
|
|
Compounds produced during the catabolism of fatty acids, including acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone.
|
Ketone bodies
|
|
|
The presence of significant quantities of ketone bodies in the blood.
|
Ketosis
|
|
|
Deficiency of blood gluclose. Sometimes called insulin shock.
|
Hypoglycemia
|
|
|
Excessive blood glucose.
|
Hyperglycemia
|
|
|
Greatly increased urination and dehydration that results when high levels of glucose cannot be reabsorbed into the blood from the kidney tubules and the osmotic pressure of the glucose in the tubules also prevents water reabsorption.
|
Osmotic diuresis
|
|
|
Formation and secretion of large amounts of urine.
|
Diuresis
|
|
|
Glucose in urine, which occurs when blood glucose levels exceed the kidney's ability to reabsorb glucose.
|
Glycosuria
|
|
|
Symptoms of Untreated Type I Diabetes Mellitus
|
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria - Polyphagia - Weakness - Weight loss |
|
|
Complication of type I diabetes due to decreased insulin intake. Marked by high blood glucose, metabolic acidosis, and, in advanced stages, coma. Ketoacidosis is often called diabetic coma.
|
Diabetic ketoacidosis
|
|
|
Complication of type II diabetes due to inadequate insulin activity. Marked by high blood glucose, marked dehydration, and decreased mental function. Often mistaken for ketoacidosis.
|
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic (HHNK) coma
|
|
|
Seizure that occurs when brain cells are not functioning normally due to low blood glucose.
|
Hypoglycemic seizure
|
|
|
Excessive secretion of thyroid hormones resulting in an increased metabolic rate.
|
Hyperthyroidism
|
|
|
Condition that reflects long-term exposure to inadequate levels of thyroid hormones with resultant changes in body structure and function.
|
Myxedema
|
|
|
Endocrine disorder characterized by excess thyroid hormones resulting in body changes associated with increased metabolism; primary cause of thyrotoxicosis.
|
Graves' disease
|
|
|
Toxic condition characterized by hyperthermia, tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid metabolism; also known as thyroid storm.
|
Thyrotoxic crisis
|
|
|
Life-threatening condition associated with advanced myxedema, with profound hypothermia, bradycardia, and electrolyte imbalance.
|
Myxedema coma
|
|
|
Pathological condition resulting from excess adenocortical hormones. Symptoms may include changed body habitus, hypertension, vulnerability to infection.
|
Cushing's syndrome
|
|
|
Endocrine disorder characterized by adrenocortical insufficiency. Symptoms may include weakness, fatigue, weight loss, hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous membranes.
|
Addison's disease
|
|
|
Form of shock associated with adrenocortical insufficiency and characterized by profound hypotension and electrolyte imbalances.
|
Addisonian crisis
|
