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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Talbot's Law
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Images greater than 5/sec appear to be moving.
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Most practical clinical techniques is?
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to observe movement of the vocal folds
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Observing movement of vocal folds provides info. about:
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Nature of vf vibration
immediate image of presence/absence of pathologic condition Permanate record |
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Observable characteristics of the vf vibratory pattern include
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Glottic Closure
Phase closure Vertical level of vf amplitude mucosal wave vibratory behavior phase symmetry periodicity |
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Glottal closure is rated as:
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Complete or incomplete or sometimes inconsistent
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Periodicity
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the regularity of successive cycles
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Periodicity interpretation
Asymmetry |
Marked asymmetry in mechanical properties of vocal folds, unilateral paralysis, unilateral lesion
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Periodicity interpretation
Interference with homogeneity |
Interference with homogeneity of vocal folds by cyst or carcinoma
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Periodicity interpretation
Unsteady tone |
Incapability of maintaining a steady tonus of laryngeal muscles, spastic dysphonia or other neruomuscular disease
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Periodicity interpretation
Inconsistent force |
Incapability of exhaling air from lungs with consistent force; neuromuscular disease or pulmonary disease
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In normal conditions are the supraglottic structures involved in vibratory movements?
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NO
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Phonosurgery
Designed to... Distinguish form conservation laryngeal surgery |
Improve or restore voice
Need to remove diseased tissue, but also improve voice! In conservation laryngeal surgery primary aim is eradication of the cancer, voice restoration is impt but 2ndary. |
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Dysphonia
Pathologic condt. may include... May result from.. Is a comprehensive voice eval necessary? |
Presenting symptom of the phonosurgical patient
Condition may include various benign vf lesions May result from normal aging process, exc use, vocal abuse. Yes it is necessary to perform a comph. voice eval, identify pathologic condition, select approp. surgical candidate. |
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VF nodule
Occur where? Looks like? Symmetrical/asymmetrical Layers affected? Mass and stiffness of what are increased? |
-Occur along edge at the anteroposterior midpoint of the membranous vf
-Whitish, small, and usually bilateral -Usually symmetrical and interferes with complete closure -Confined to sup lam propria -Mass and stiffness of the cover are increased slightly |
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VF polyp
Develop where? Look like? Layers affected? Mass increase? where? Does it interfere with opposite vf? |
-Dev around edge of vf at mid of membranous vf
-Looks reddish/whitish, small/large, sessile/or pedunculated, unilateral/bilateral -Affects Sup lam. prop layer -Mass of cover increase -Yes interfere with contralateral vf |
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Reinke's Edema
Occurs where? Looks like? Layers affected? Symmetrical/asymmetrical? bilateral? Complete Closure? Mass increase? Does it interfere with opposite vf? |
-occures on Membraneous vf
-looks like swollen along entire length -In the sup lam prop layer -lesion usually bilateral but can be asymmetrical -VF usually close completely -Mass of cover increase, but stiffness decreases -Yes it interferes with opposite fold |
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Sulcul Vocalis
Occurs where? Looks like Bilateral/unilateral? Complete closure? Symmetrical? Layer affected? Mass increase? |
-A furrow along edge of membranous vf
-Edge is bowed to some extent -Usually lesion is bilateral -Glottis does not close completly, forms spindle shaped chink -Roughly symmetrical -Affects sup lam. propria -Cover's mass decreases, stiffness increases |
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Vocal Fold Scar
Occur in what layer? Produced by? Consists of what type of fiber and what kind of tissue? Complete closure? |
-Can occur in any layer
-Produced by trauma, surgery, burn or inflammation -Scar tissue consists of dense collagenous fiber and is stiffer than normal tissue -Scar tissue often impeded glottis closure during phonation. |
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Hyperplasia
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Increased growth and thickening
Precancerous |
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Carcinoma of VF
Layers? symmetrical? Complete closure? |
Profound effect of voice
Enters deeper structures, muscle asymmetrical Impeaded glottic closure My get so stiff it wont vibrate |
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Papilloma
Symmetrical closure? Opposite fold affected? |
Life threatening virus
-asymmetrical -disturbed glottic closure -mass interferes with opposite vf |
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VF Cyst
Layer? Cause of? Layers? Occurs where? unilateral? or bilateral? Mass/stiffness increase or decrease? |
-Arise in superficial layer
-Result of blocked mucosal gland -Occasional extension into intermediate and deep layers -Anywhere on membranous portion of vf -Usually unilateral -Mass and stiffness will be increased. |
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Vocal Hemorrhage and Varix
Caused from? Stiffness can cause? Cause voice to do? rest recommended? |
-Varicose vein on sup. surface of vf will rupture causing bleeding into reinke's space
-Mucosal disruption of stiffness can scar vf cover -Voice-Can cause acute dysphonia at time of bleed, cont. hoarseness for some time. -STRICT VOCAL REST!! |
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Vocal Fold Nodule
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-Midpoint of membraneous vf
-whitish small sessile usually bilateral -symmetrical -mass and stiffness of cover are increased slightly but transition and body are not affected |
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Polyp
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-Dev around edge at middle of membranous vf
-reddish/whitish, sessile/pedunculated, unilateral/bilateral -On superficial layer of lam. prop -Interferes with opp. vf |
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Reinke's Edema
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Membranous vf is edematous and swollen along entire length
-usually bilateral, can be asymmetrical -Mass of cover increases, but stiffness decreases |
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Sulcus Vocalis
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-Furrow along edge of memb. vf
-Edge is bowed -Usually lesion is bilateral -Roughly symmetrical -Cover's mass decreases, stiffness increases |
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VF Scar
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-Can occur in any layer
-Produced by trauma, surgery, burn/inflammation -Scar tissue consists of dense collagenous fiber and is stiffer than normal tissue -Scar tissue usually impedes glottic closure |
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Epithelial Hyperplasia
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-Pathology in which thickening of the epithelium is primary lesion
-Regarded as precancerous -Originates from cover, may enter sup lam prop -Vocal ligament not involved unless lesion becomes malignent |
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Carcinoma of VF
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Most are squamous cell carcinoma
-Originate from cover and go deeper -Originally unilateral -tissue is asymmetrical -Glottic Closure impeded -Lesion inteferes w/ vibratory movements of opp vf |
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Papilloma
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-Lesion is asymmetrical
-Proliferated newplastic epithelial cells growing in a appillary fashion -Glottic closure disturbed -Mass interferes with opp vf |
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VF Cyst
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-Arise in Sup layer
-Result of blocked mucosal gland duct, with occasional extension into intermediate and deep layers of vf -Can occur anywhere on membranous portion of vf -Usually unilateral -Mass and stiffness increase |
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Vocal Hemorrhage and Varix
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Varicose vein on sup surface of vf wil rupture causing bleeding into reinke's space
-Mucosal distruption of stiffness can scar vf -Can cause acute dysphonia -Strict voice rest!!! |