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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal voice
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Has appropriate pitch for age and gender
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Loudness voice
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approprrae for seeting variations in pitch and loundness for setting/age/gender
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Quality voice
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pleasant
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Disorderd voice
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pitch-too high/low, problems w/ quality/flexibility/loudness.
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dysphonia
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abnormal voice-abnormal difference in loudness, pitch, quality, or flexibility.
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Lesions
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causes low pitches.
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abnormal loudness
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may be related to hearing/respiration
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abnormal flexibility
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may be related to neurologic function/psychologic status.
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Unpleasant quality
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hoarseness, harshness, breathyness, excessive tension, strain/struggle
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Aphonia
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w/o voice-paralyzed vocal folds/swelling may be acute-by an event, neurologic, psychologic. absence of laryngeal tone
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Mutism
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no attempt @ talking can be psychologic/neurologic.
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Phonation
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the physical process of vocal folds vibration @ level of larynx.
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voice
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the sound made-perceptual-sound produced by phonation
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pitch
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perceptual correlate of freq.
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loudness
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perceptual correlate of intensity.
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Intonation
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perceptual correlate of flexibility.
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glottal closure reflex
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automatic closure of glottis to stabalize thorax, protect airway, may be used in some voice thearpy.
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vagus branches
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In medulla where vagal nerve nuclei exit medulla and branch off.
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pharyngeal branch
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branch of vagus-palatopharyngeal area
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recurrent laryngeal
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branch of vagus-innervates all intrinsic lryngeal muscles except cricothyroid. primary motor nerve.
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superior laryngeal
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branch of vagus-innervates cricothyroid. Primary sensory nerve.
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Hyoid parts
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body, greater horns, and less horns.
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Hyoid greater horns
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posteriorly directed on either side of body.
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Hyoid lesser horns
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superiorly directed.
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Hyoid bone function
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suppport base of tongue, elevation results in changes in fundamental frequency.
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Thyroid cartilage parts
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Largest unpaired-thyroid laminae, thryoid angle, inferior horn, and superior horn.
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Thyroid Laminae
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fused at midline (thyroid angle)
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Inferior horns
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point of attachment for criocoid.
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superior horns
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is membrane attachment to hyoid
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Thyroid function
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protects and suppot the larynx. Suspended between hyoid and cricoid.
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cricoid parts
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arch of cricoid, quadrate laminae
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Arch of cricoid
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anterior portion
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quadrate laminae
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posterior lateral portion of cricoid.
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cricoid location
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superior first tracheal ring-inferior to thyroid.
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cricoid function
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supports other cartilages attched to thyorid membrane.cricotracheal membrance attaches cricoid to first tracheal ring.
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cricoarytenoid joint
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saddle joint rocking and limited gliding.
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cricoarytenoid joint movement
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upward and outward swinging motion of the vocal process during abduction and inward and downward siwinging motion when the vocal process is adducted.
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cricoarytenoid joint location
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sloping lateral surface of the cricoid and inf surface arytenoid
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cricothyroid joint
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pivot joint
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cricothyroid joint location
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lateral sides of the cricoid and inferior horn of thyroid.
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cricothyroid joint movement
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rotation of increases/decreases vocal fold tension..causing change in pitch.
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epiglottis
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behind the hyoid bone and tongue root. mainly for airway closure
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arytenoids
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pyramid shaped-muscular process and vocal process located on the sup surface of quadrate laminae of cricoid. attachments allow vocal fold movement.
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corniculates
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on apex of the arytenoids help keep airway open
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cunieform
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in the aryepiglottic folds help keep airway open
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Suprahyoid extrinsic
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laryngeal elevators-digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
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digastirc
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raises hyoid-may lower jaw-laryngeal elevator Suprahyoid extrinsic move larynx for swallowing
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stylohyoid
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draw hyoid up and back laryngeal elevator Suprahyoid extrinsic move larynx for swallowing
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mylohyoid
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elevates hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue, depresses mandible laryngeal elevator Suprahyoid extrinsic move larynx for swallowing
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geniohyoid
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elevates hyoid up and back laryngeal elevator Suprahyoid extrinsic move larynx for swallowing
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Infrahyoid extrinsic
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laryngeal depressors-sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternthyroid
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sternohyoid
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depresses hyoid laryngeal depressors
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omohyoid
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depresses hyoid laryngeal depressors
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sternohyoid
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depresses hyoid laryngeal depressors
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Intrinsic larynx muscles
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Thyroarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, inner arytenoid, cricothyroid, posterior cricoarytenoid.
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Thyroarytenoid
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vocalis and thryomuscularis
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Vocalis
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part of thyroarytenoid-medial portio of vocal folds. attached to the vocal process of the arytenoids and angle of thyroid.
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Vocalis function
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Control tension in vocal folds-adductor.
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Thyromuscularis
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part of thyroarytenoid-lateral portion of the vocal folds attaches to thyroid angle and muscular process of th arytenoid.
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Thyromuscularis function
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control tension in vocal folds.
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Lateral Cricoarytenoid
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attaches to the cricoid and the muscular process of the arytenoids.
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Lateral Cricoarytenoid function
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rotates the muscular process of arytenoids-regularts medial compression-adductor relaxer.
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Inner arytenoids
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Oblique and transverse
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Oblique inner arytenoid
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muscular process of one arytenoid to apex of other-moves arytenoids towards midline
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Transverse inner arytenoid
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runds from arytenoid to arytenoid slides arytenoids toward midline.
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cricothyroid
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primary tenser-originates on the upper anterior surface of cricoid inserts thyroid. pars oblique and pars recturs
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Pars oblique cricothyroid
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changes length of vocal folds by sliding the thyroid foward.
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Pars rectus cricothyroid
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Rocts anterior portion of thyroid forward and down to tense vocal fold.
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Posterior cricoarytenoid
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Only abductor-O-posterior portion of quadrate laminae I-muscular process arytenoids.
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Posterior cricoarytenoid function
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moves the vocal folds to rest position-open.
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Neural innervation suprahyoid
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CNXII hypoglossus and CN VII facial.
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CNX-vagus branches
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superior laryngeal, recurrent, and pharyngeal
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Laryngeal innervation laterality
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bilateral.
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Adductor
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go against natural state-move toward midline
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abductor
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return to natural state-away from midline.
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Mucosa vocal folds
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covers the thyroarytenoid
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Squamous epithelium
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contiuous w/ mucosa
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Laminae propria
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three layers-superficial, intermediate, and deep.
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Superficial
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Layer of laminae propria-reinke's space has high water content
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intermediate
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Layer of lamina propria-primarily elastic interwoven w/ deep layer
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Deep
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Layer of lamina propria-cotton thread w/ some elasticity attached to muscles of vocal folds interwoven w/ intermediate. Stiffest layer of lamina propria.
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Vocal ligament
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made up of intermediate and deep layers.
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Vocal fold make up
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Cover, transition, and body
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cover
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covering of vocal folds made up of superficial layer of laminae propria and mucosa.
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transition
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layer of vocal folds made of intermediate and deep layes of laminae propria.
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body
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layer of vocal folds-made of vocalis muscle.
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vocal fold size
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15 mm-18mm and 2-3 thick.
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