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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who is more affected by spasmodic dysphonia?
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females (4:1); typically discovered between ages 39 and 45
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what is the cause of spasmodic dysphonia?
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cause is unknown
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what are the symptoms of spasmodic dysphonia?
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action-induced, abrupt initiation and termination of voice, and may have a tremor or spasm
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what is the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia?
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no cure, can only reduce severity of symptoms with botox, voice therapy, AAC, or surgery
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causes of TBI?
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external forces acting on the head such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, explosion injuries
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what is the prevalence of TBI?
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1.25 million people a year receive medical attention, 1 in 4 are hospitalized, 1 in 3 are left w/ permanent disabilities
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what is the severity of TBI?
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mild tbi may cause temporary dysfunction of brain cells, severe tbi may cause bruising, torn tissues, bleeding and others that could result in long-term complications or death
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What is dysarthria?
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a motor speech disorder in which muscles of the mouth, face, and respiratory system may become weak, move more slowly, or not move at all
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what is the treatment of TBI?
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little can be done to reverse the initial brain damage. rehabilitation involves individualized treatment programs
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what is myasthenia gravis?
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a common type of flaccid dysarthria; an autoimmune disease in which the neuromuscular junction becomes impaired as the patient uses that particular muscle or muscle group, resulting in extreme muscle fatigue
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what is the incidence of myasthenia gravis?
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1 in 10,000
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what causes myasthenia gravis?
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the immune system produces antibodies that attack the receptors that lie on the muscle side of the neuromuscular junction
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what are the symptoms of myasthenia gravis?
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vocal change with voice usage from normal to breathy, weak and barely audible. a few minutes of vocal rest can restore the voice, but a few minutes of usage will cause symptoms to return
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what is the treatment of myasthenia gravis?
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anticholinesterase medications, immunodepressants, antimetabolite agents, corticosteroids, thymectomy, plasmapheresis
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what is an essential tremor?
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most common of the movement disorders and is considered a benign autosomal dominant condition with variable penetrance
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what are the symptoms of the essential tremor?
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may appear in tongue, velar, pharyngeal, and laryngeal structures, producing vocal tremor in the 4-7 per second range
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what is the familial tremor?
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a common form of essential tremor (50% of all cases) often beginning in early adulthood
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what are the symptoms of familial tremors?
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exaggerated termorous behavior, more than the normal tremor
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who is most affected by familial tremors?
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people who are overworking particular muscles, such as may be felt or seen while carrying a heavy weight
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what is the treatment of essential tremors?
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little to be done medically or therapeutically
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