Voice

Front 1

signs of SLN damage

Back 1

gurgly voice; absent cough reflex however able to cough or clear throat upon request; can't reach high pitches

Front 2

signs of RLN damage

Back 2

can't cough/ clear throat; dysphagia; can't reach low pitches; can't abduct which affects breating

Front 3

nodules

Back 3

occur over time; d/t vocal abuse/misuse; hour glass formation; too much open phase

Front 4

nodules effect on voice

Back 4

Breathiness; decreased volume; decreased pitch; monotoned

Front 5

granulomas

Back 5

cause by trauma like endotracheal tube; breakdown of mucosal layer

Front 6

granuloma effect on voice

Back 6

Granuloma causes posterior hourglass gap-asymmetrical; breathiness; decreased volume; deceases pitch and pitch range-monotoned; diplophonia with unilateral or bilateral and asymmetrical granuloma

Front 7

polyps

Back 7

acute violent time of abuse

Front 8

Pedunculated polyp

Back 8

floppy stalk with rounded head; caused by allergyns or irritants

Front 9

Sessile polyp

Back 9

broad-based with rounded prominence; caused by overuse, abuse, misuse

Front 10

Hemorrhagic polyp

Back 10

When feeder blood vessel bursts

Front 11

polyps effect on voice

Back 11

Same as for nodules and;
one vf will have different mass to the other, causing diplophonia; if pedunculated polyp flaps vibrates-“triplophonia”; if compensates excessively with MTP II & FVF vibrate, then “quadrophonia”

Front 12

unilateral adductor paralysis

Back 12

Breathing- No problems
Swallowing-Dysphagia.
Phonation- Breathy
Asymmetrical tension-dipophonia

Front 13

bilateral adductor paralysis

Back 13

Breathing- No problem
Swallowing- Severe dysphagia, NPO, G-tube
Phonation- Aphonia

Front 14

unilateral abductor paralysis

Back 14

breathing- Difficulty with strenuous activity. Quiet breating is OK; Stridor
swallowing- No problem
phonation- No problem

Front 15

bilateral abductor paralysis

Back 15

breathing- Life-threatening, tracheotomy
swallowing- No problem
phonation- No problem (as long as air is in the lungs)

Front 16

Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia (ADSD)

Back 16

most common; stuck in closed position; triggered by voiced sounds, loud speech, low pitch / glottal fry

Front 17

Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia (ABSD)

Back 17

less common; stuck in open position; triggered by voiceless sounds, soft, whispered speech, falsetto

Front 18

Mixed Spasmodic Dysphonia

Back 18

least common

Front 19

Severe Muscle Tension Dysphonia

Back 19

a functional voice disorder; curable with voice therapy; may sound similar to SD; no tremors

Front 20

Sicca

Back 20

dryness; drying of laryngeal mucosa and vocal folds

Front 21

Presbylaryngeus

Back 21

atrophy of intrinsic laryngeal muscles; spindle-shaped bowing with central gap; causes a hypofunctional voice disorder- maladaptive

Front 22

Papillomatosis

Back 22

common benign tumor that starts in epithelium; usually from papovavirus

Front 23

Papillomatosis effects on voice

Back 23

increase mass & stiffness of vf’s; cause irregular closure of vf’s; may obstruct airway; stridor, decreased pitch, breathiness, reduced volume

Front 24

laryngeal web

Back 24

Tissue growing from one vf to the other, usually from one raw wound to another

Front 25

laryngeal web effect on voice

Back 25

If thick, may increase mass of vf’s & lower pitch; increased tension while tethering vf’s- increase in pitch; if obstructs airway- stridor