Vocabulary Words For Math Eca

Front 1

Expression

Back 1

a mathematical phrase which can contain numbers, operators (add, subtract, multiply, divide), and at least one variable (like x, y) to represent operations
Example: An example of an algebraic expression is x + 5 4n ÷ 6.

Front 2

linear equations

Back 2

a polynomial equation of the first degree, such as x + y = 7

Front 3

solution

Back 3

a. the process of determining the answer to a problem.
b. the answer itself.
c. A value or values which, when substituted for a variable in an equation, make the equation true. For example, the solutions to the equation x 2 = 4 are 2 and -2.

Front 4

factoring

Back 4

One of two or more numbers or expressions that are multiplied to obtain a given product. For example, 2 and 3 are factors of 6, and a + b and a - b are factors of a 2 - b 2 .

Front 5

quadratic equation

Back 5

an equation containing a single variable of degree 2. Its general form is ax 2 + bx + c = 0, where x is the variable and a, b, and c are constants ( a ≠ 0).

Front 6

standard form

Back 6

Standard form in mathematics may refer to scientific notation or to a common form of a linear equation. This form is Ax + By = C.

Front 7

slope y-intercept form

Back 7

y = mx + b

This is called the slope-intercept form because "m" is the slope and "b" gives the y-intercept.

Front 8

inequality

Back 8

Symbol Words Example

> greater than x + 3 > 2
< less than 7x < 28
≥ greater than or equal to 5 ≥ x - 1
≤ less than or equal to 2y + 1 ≤ 7

Front 9

FOIL

Back 9

* First (“first” terms of each binomial are multiplied together)
* Outer (“outside” terms are multiplied—that is, the first term of the first binomial and the second term of the second)
* Inner (“inside” terms are multiplied—second term of the first binomial and first term of the second)
* Last (“last” terms of each binomial are multiplied)

The general form is:

(a+b)(c+d) = ac+ad+bc+bd

Front 10

substitution

Back 10

The substitution method is most useful for systems of 2 equations in 2 unknowns. The main idea here is that we solve one of the equations for one of the unknowns, and then substitute the result into the other equation.
Example 1: Solve the following system by substitution

Substitution Method Example:

Front 11

domain

Back 11

The set of all possible input values for a function or relation.
X+3=
X=2,3,4,5,6
Y=5,6,7,8,9
X is the domain

Front 12

Range

Back 12

The set of all possible values for the output of the function.

X+3=
X=2,3,4,5,6
Y=5,6,7,8,9
Y is the range.

Front 13

Polynomial

Back 13

An algebraic expression that consists of two or more terms.

The following is a list of examples:

1. 1 + a
2. x + yz + 3
3. a + b2

Front 14

radical

Back 14

The taking of a root of a number.

Ex: sqrt(4) = 2 sqrt(100) = 10 sqrt

Front 15

percentage

Back 15

A way of rewriting a number as a fraction of 100.

For example, 0.5 = 0.5×(100/100) = (0.5×100)/100 = 50/100, which can be written as 50 percent or 50%.

Front 16

graph (x axis/y axis—coordinate plane)

Back 16

A set of points connected by line segments. This type of graph is usually used to show a trend.

Front 17

product

Back 17

The result obtained when multiplying numbers

Front 18

quotient

Back 18

The number resulting from division.

Front 19

parallel lines

Back 19

Two or more straight coplanar lines that do not intersect.

__________________________
__________________________

Front 20

perpendicular lines

Back 20

Two lines that intersect at right angles.

Front 21

square root

Back 21

A number that, when multiplied by itself, produces the given number.

For example, since 16 = 4×4, 4 is the square root of 16. A square root of a non-negative number can be thought of as the length of a side of a square whose area equals the given non-negative number.

Front 22

absolute value

Back 22

The distance from zero, measurement is always positive.

|-2|=2
|3|=3

Front 23

systems of equations

Back 23

A group of two or more equations that involve two or more variables.

When the number of variables is more than that of the equations, usually many solutions exist. For example, x + y = 0. In this case, the number of solutions is unlimited.

When the number of variables is less than that of the equations, usually no solution exists, because often there will be contradictory equations involved in the given system.

For example, 2x = 0 and 5x = 1.

When the number of variables is equal to that of the equations, we have a better chance of obtaining a unique solution to the system.

Front 24

difference of a perfect square

Back 24

A difference of two squares of the form x2-y2. The knowledge of how to factor this form is extremely useful when working with algebraic expressions. It can be factored as follows:

symbol spacex2-y2 = (x+y)(x-y)

Front 25

greatest common factor

Back 25

The highest integer that will divide every member in a set of numbers without a remainder.

For example, 4 is the highest common factor of 8, 12, and 16.

Front 26

least common multiple

Back 26

Example: Find the least common multiple for 4, 6, and 8

The smallest number that is a multiple of a set of given numbers.

Multiples of 4 are: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, ...
Multiples of 6 are: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, ...
Multiples of 8 are: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, ....

So, 24 is the least common multiple (I can't find a smaller one !)

Front 27

difference

Back 27

Subtraction

Front 28

sum

Back 28

add

Front 29

mode

Back 29

The element that occurs most frequently in a given set.

For example, the mode of {1, 22, 4, 4, 3, 5} is 4

Front 30

mean

Back 30

An artificial number that we create to represent a set of numbers.

The arithmetic mean or average (called mean) of a1, a2, a3, . . ., an is given by:

symbol space (a1+a2+a3+. . .+an)/n

Front 31

median

Back 31

The Median is the "middle number" (in a sorted list of numbers).
How to Find the Median Value

To find the Median, place the numbers you are given in value order and find the middle number.
Example: find the Median of {12, 3 and 5}

Put them in order:

3, 5, 12

The middle number is 5, so the median is 5.

Front 32

rate

Back 32

A ratio that compares two quantities expressed in two different units.

For example, the speed of light is 186,000 miles per second, in which two units, one for distance and one for time, are used.

Front 33

rational equations

Back 33

Rational Expressions

An expression that is the ratio of two polynomials:

x^2+5/x+2

Front 34

range

Back 34

The difference between the lowest and highest number.

2,3,4,4,5,5,6,7,9

9-2=7
7 is the range.