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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Language
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Shared, rule-governed system of symbolic code to communication
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social tool, rule-bound, active process, creative tool, spoken or nonspoken, and is dynamic
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speech
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verbal utterances
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Phonology
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governs the structure, position, and sequence of speech sounds
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phoneme
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smallest unit of sound
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"th" "b"
45 of them |
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morphology
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set of linguistic rules that govern the make-up of words
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morpheme
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smallest unit of expression that cannont be broken down into smaller units without destroying its meaning.
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100,000 of them
-s, -ed, -ing |
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syntax
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rules that govern sentence structure
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nouns, verbs, adjectives = complete thought
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semantics
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system of rules that govern the content, the meaning of words, and relationships between words
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Which does not belong: peach, pear, or carrot?
synonyms/antonyms |
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pragmatics
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rules that govern the use of language for communication
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how ask for things, tell a story, begin and carry a coversation, adjust speech to a listener's perspective
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prelinguistic speech
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utterances of sounds that are not words.
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crying, cooing, imitation of sounds without meaning
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linguistic speech
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verbal expression designed to convey meaning
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10-14 months
"wah-wah" = water |
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linguistic speech
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verbal expression designed to convey meaning
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10-14 months
"wah-wah" = water |
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holophrase
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single word that conveys a complete thought
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"Da" = "Where's daddy?"
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telegraphic speech
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early form of sentence consisting of only a few essential words
-simplify, understand grammatical relationships, underextend, overextend, overregularize |
18-24 months - first word
20-30 months - syntax "Dolly fall!" |
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fast mapping
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child absorbs the meaning of a new word after hearing it only once or twice in conversation
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age 3 - 1000 words
age 6 - 2600 words |
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social speech
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speech intended to be understood by a listener
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ask for things, tell a joke, use language to communicate
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metacommunication
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understanding the processes involved in communication
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how communication takes place
middle childhood being aware of the connection between instructions and results |
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private speech
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talking aloud to oneself with no intent to communicate
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piaget age 2-3 (20-50% of speech) egocentric
vygotsky age 3-5 (86%) not egocentric |
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learning theory
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operant conditioning; babies imitate the sounds they hear adults make
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Skinner
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nativism
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human brain has the capacity for acquiring language. brain analyzes language heard and figures out the rules
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chomsky
language acquisition device |
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language acquisition device
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inborn mechanism that enables children to infer linguistic rules from the language they hear
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broca's area
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planning and coordinating the motor movements necessary for speech
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left hemisphere
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wernicke's area
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organizing outgoing messages and analyzing and interpreting incoming ones
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left temporal lobe
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code-mixing
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elements of two languages by young children in households where both languages are spoken
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code-switching
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changing one's speech to match the situation (bilingual)
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child-directed speech
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parentese; speech used when talking to babies or toddlers; slow, simple, exaggerated, vowel sounds or short words, REPETITION
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baby talk
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english-immersion approach
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teaching english as a second language in which instruction is presented only in english
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ESL
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bilingual education
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teaching foreign speaking children in their native language while they learn english, and later switching to an all english instruction
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two way- dual language learning
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english speakers and non-english speakers learn together in their own and each other's languages
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most successful!
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