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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Wall
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a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
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Cell Membrane
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a phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment
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Nucleus
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in physical science, an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons
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Chromosome
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in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
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Cytoplasm
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the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell
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Ribosome
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a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
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Mitochondria
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in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP
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Vacuole
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a fluid-filled vesicle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells or protozoans
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Lysosome
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a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
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Chloroplast
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an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
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Golgi Body
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a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
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Cell
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in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and contain DNA and cytoplasm
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Organelle
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one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function
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Photosynthesis
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the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen
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Cell Respiration
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the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide
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Glucose
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sugar, C 6 H 12 O 6 , having several optically different forms
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Carbohydrate
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any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things
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Amino Acid
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any one of 20 different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form proteins
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Protein
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an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
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Nucleic Acid
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an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
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Lipid
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a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water, including fats and steroids; lipids store energy and make up cell membranes
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Organic Compound
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a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides
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Organism
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a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently
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Prokaryote
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a single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; examples are archaea and bacteria
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Eukaryote
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an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; eukaryotes include protists, animals, plants, and fungi but not archaea or bacteria
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