Vocabulary Week 1

Front 1

Gene

Back 1

A portion of DNA that gets transcribed into a functional RNA, which is then translated into a single protei

Front 2

Ribosome

Back 2

An organelle that is made out of rRNA. The job of the ribosome is translate the mRNA into a protein

Front 3

Transcription

Back 3

The process in which a segment of DNA (gene) is copied into RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Uracil replaces Thymine in the RNA product.

Front 4

Translation

Back 4

The process in which a ribosome creates proteins. The messenger RNA produced by transcription is read by codons to produce a specific amino acid chain, or protein.

Front 5

Mutation

Back 5

A permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, at the level of DNA replication, transcription, or translation

Front 6

Chromosome

Back 6

An long, organized structure of DNA located in the nucleus of the cell.

Front 7

Nucleotide

Back 7

The base unit that makes up DNA and RNA. It is made of three parts: sugar, phosphate, the nitrogenous base.

Front 8

Nucleic Acid

Back 8

One of the four macromolecules that make up life. DNA and RNA are both nucleic acid made our of monomers known as nucleotides.

Front 9

Codon

Back 9

A sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front 10

Amino Acid

Back 10

The monomer,or building block, that protein is made out of.

Front 11

Point Mutation

Back 11

A mutation that changes DNA or RNA at only one base in a codon.

Front 12

Base Pair

Back 12

Two bases,one a purine and one pyrimidine, that pair by forming a hydrogen bond between the base. A-T and C-G

Front 13

Anit-codon

Back 13

Located on the transfer RNA. Has a base sequence that is complimentary to the codon on the mRNA.

Front 14

DNA Replication

Back 14

The process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule.

Front 15

Chargaff's Rules

Back 15

DNA should always have 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine (C&T) and purine (A&G) bases and, more specifically, that amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine.