Vocabulary-Infection And Disease

Front 1

Define Infection

Back 1

Type of disease that is caused by a microbe

Front 2

Define Transient

Back 2

Normal flora that is here today but gone tomorrow

Front 3

Define Symbiosis

Back 3

A relationship between 2 organisms living together

Front 4

Define Commensalism

Back 4

One organism is benefited and the other is unaffected.

Front 5

Define Mutualism

Back 5

Both organisms benefit from relationship

Front 6

Define Parasitism

Back 6

Damaging relationsip for Host only

Front 7

Define Opportunistic Flora

Back 7

Flora that's part of normal flora that if it overpopulates or moves can becomean opportunistic pathogen

Front 8

Define Communicable

Back 8

Transmitted from one person to another

Front 9

Define Contagious Infection

Back 9

Communicable; Very easily and rapidly transmitted

Front 10

Define Non-communicable

Back 10

Not spread from one to another; typically caused by normal flora or soil organisms

Front 11

What type of communicability do gas gane green, histoplasmosis, and tetanus have?

Back 11

Non-communicable

Front 12

Define Sporadic Infections

Back 12

Infections that happen just once in a while

Front 13

Define Endemic

Back 13

Disease is constantly present in a given population

Front 14

Define Epidemic

Back 14

Many people in a given area acquire a specific pathogen in a short preiod of time.

Front 15

Define Pandemic

Back 15

World-wide epidemic; Infection whose numbers are increasing

Front 16

Define Pandemic AFTER H1N1

Back 16

Every country reported a case of the infection

Front 17

Define Acute Infection

Back 17

an infection that develops rapidly but lasts for only 7-10 days

Front 18

Define Chronic Infection

Back 18

an infection that develops more slowly and lasts longer than an acute infection.

Front 19

Define Sub-acute

Back 19

Latent infections

Front 20

Define Local Infection

Back 20

Restricted to a relatively small area on the body

Front 21

Define Systemic infection

Back 21

Involves 2 or more systems

Front 22

Define Focal Infection

Back 22

Starts as local infection then spreads.

Front 23

Define Bacteremia

Back 23

Bacteria in blood

Front 24

Define Sepsis

Back 24

Bacteria multiplying in blood

Front 25

Define Viremia

Back 25

Virus in blood

Front 26

Define primary infection

Back 26

Perfectly healthy then acquire infection

Front 27

Define Secondary Infection

Back 27

Typically by opportunistic organism. It is a result of a primary infection

Front 28

Define Subclinical Infection

Back 28

You don't feel good but you have no specific symptoms

Front 29

What are 2 common subclinical infections?

Back 29

1-Polio
2-Hep. A

Front 30

Define Incubation Period

Back 30

Period of time from when you first caught microbe to when you acquire symptoms

Front 31

Define Prodromal Period

Back 31

End of incubation period. You have no specific symptoms but you feel sick.

Front 32

Define Period of Illness

Back 32

Specific symptoms; white blood cell count is at its highest

Front 33

Define Period of Decline

Back 33

Symptoms lessen

Front 34

Define Convalescence

Back 34

Return to original state of health

Front 35

What are the 5 stages of the Development of an Infection?

Back 35

1) Incubation period
2) Prodromal Period
3) Period of Illness
4) Period of Decline
5) Convalescence

Front 36

Define Resevoir

Back 36

Place in nature where microbes live

Front 37

Define Human Resevoir

Back 37

If you have infection you are natural resevoir for that microbe

Front 38

Define Carrier

Back 38

Individual who harbors pathogen but no symptoms

Front 39

Define Healthy Carriers (asymptomatic carriers)

Back 39

Individual who has pathogen but has no symptoms

Front 40

Define Incubation Carrier

Back 40

Individual who is in incubation stage of the infection

Front 41

Define Convalescent Carrier

Back 41

Had infection, is recovering, but can still transmit it to other individuals

Front 42

Define Chronic Carrier

Back 42

Individual who harbors pathogen for a long time after recovery

Front 43

Define Passive Carrier

Back 43

Medical and dental personel pick up pathogen while handeling contaminated materials and transmit it to other people

Front 44

Define Zoonosis

Back 44

Infection indigenous to animals but transmissible to humans

Front 45

Define Direct Contact transmission

Back 45

Transmitted person to person

Front 46

Define Indirect Contact

Back 46

Inanimate object between 2 hosts

Front 47

Define Fomite

Back 47

Contaminated object involved in the spread of infection

Front 48

Define Droplet Transmission

Back 48

Droplets out of nose or mought while coughing, laughing, sneezing, etc.

Front 49

Give examples of diseases usually spread through droplet transmission

Back 49

1-Pertussis
2-RSV
3-Pneumonia

Front 50

Define Vehicle Transmission

Back 50

Something transports pathogen from one individual to another

Front 51

Define Airborne Transmission

Back 51

Pathogen is in small droplet and remains airborne for long distances

Front 52

Give examples of airborn transmissible pathogens

Back 52

fungi spores, staph, strep

Front 53

Define Vector Transmission

Back 53

Organism that transmits pathogen from one host to another

Front 54

What vector is used in transmitting Salmonella usually?

Back 54

Turtles

Front 55

What are 2 categories of vectors?

Back 55

1- Biological Vector
2- Mechanical Vector

Front 56

Define biological vector

Back 56

A vector that is necessary for the vector's lifecycle

Front 57

Name and example of a biological vector

Back 57

Plasmodium

Front 58

Define Mechanical Vector

Back 58

Vector that is not necessary for vector's lifecycle

Front 59

Define Parenteral entry

Back 59

Direct deposit in skin

Front 60

What are the diseases that can cross the placenta?

Back 60

1-Syphilis
2-Toxoplasmosis
3-Other diseases (HBV, HIV, Chlamydia)
4-Rubella
5-CMV
6-Herpes simplex

Front 61

Define Siz of inoculum

Back 61

The number of cells acquired

Front 62

Define Infectious Dose

Back 62

The number of cells that you must acquire in order for a disease to occur

Front 63

Name 3 structures that allow microbes to attach to host cells

Back 63

1-Pilus
2-Flagella
3-Capsules

Front 64

Name to structures that protect against phagocytosis

Back 64

1-Biofilms
2-Capsules

Front 65

Define Hemolysin

Back 65

an exoenzyme that destroys RBCs

Front 66

Define Leukocidins

Back 66

Exoenzymes that destroy WBCs

Front 67

Define Keratinase

Back 67

Exoenzyme that destroys protective skin layer

Front 68

Define Kinase

Back 68

Exoenzyme that dissolves blood clots

Front 69

Give to examples of organisms with keratinase

Back 69

1-Staph
2-Strep

Front 70

Define coagulase

Back 70

Exoenzyme that creates blood clots

Front 71

WHat does IgA protease do?

Back 71

Degrades IgA to stop first entry defense

Front 72

WHat is the cell wall component in Strep pyogenes?

Back 72

M protein

Front 73

What is the cell wall component in Staph aureus?

Back 73

A Protein

Front 74

What are the 2 pathogens that have learned to survive inside paghocytic cells?

Back 74

Legionella and mycobacterium

Front 75

What is the difference between an exotoxin and endotoxin?

Back 75

An exotoxin is made by the microbe and then spat out while an endotoxin is a physical part of the cell

Front 76

Define exotoxin

Back 76

Chemical produced by some bacteria to help in metabolism

Front 77

What are the 3 groups of exotoxins?

Back 77

1-AB-toxin
2-Membrane disrupting
3-Superantigen

Front 78

What are the two parts to the AB toxin?

Back 78

1-allows it to bind to host cell
2-allows damage to cell

Front 79

Name 2 enzymes that fall under the category of membrane disrupting

Back 79

1-Hemolysin
2-Leukocidins

Front 80

Define Super Antigen

Back 80

Bacterial proteins capable of triggering an incredibly strong inflammation response in the body

Front 81

What does a Diptheria exotoxin do?

Back 81

Damages heart and liver

Front 82

What does an Erythrogenic toxin do?

Back 82

It damages capillaries in skin

Front 83

Give an example of a disease caused by an erythrogenic toxin

Back 83

Scarlet Fever

Front 84

Define Vasomotor Shock

Back 84

Blood vessals dilate