Vocabulary For Science Final. (2007)

Front 1

a substance that undergoes a chemical change

Back 1

reactant

Front 2

a substance that is the result of a chemical

Back 2

product

Front 3

the energy stored within atoms and molecules that can be released when a substance reacts

Back 3

chemical energy

Front 4

a reaction that transfers energy from the reactants to the surroundings usually as heat.

Back 4

exothermic reaction

Front 5

a reaction in which energy is transferred to the reactants usually as heat from the surroundings

Back 5

endothermic reaction

Front 6

a reaction of atleast two substances that forms a new, more complex compound

Back 6

synthesis reaction

Front 7

a reaction in which one compound breaks into atleast two products

Back 7

decompostion reaction

Front 8

the decompostition of a compound by an electric current

Back 8

electrolysis

Front 9

a reaction in which a compound and oxygen burn

Back 9

combustion reaction

Front 10

a reaction in which atoms of one element take the place of atoms of another element in a compound

Back 10

single-displacement reaction

Front 11

a reaction in which a gas, a solid precipitate, or a molecular compound is formed from the apparent exchange of ions between two compounds

Back 11

double-displacement reaction

Front 12

a reaction that occurs when electroms from one reactant to another

Back 12

reduction/oxidation (redox) reaction

Front 13

the fragments of moecules that have atleast one electrom available for bonding

Back 13

radicals

Front 14

an equation that uses chemical formulas and symbols to show the reactants and products in a chemical reaction

Back 14

chemical equation

Front 15

the smallest relative number of moles of the substances involved in a reaction

Back 15

mole ratio

Front 16

a subsatnace that changes the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed

Back 16

catalyst

Front 17

a protein that speeds up a specific biochemical reaction

Back 17

enzyme

Front 18

the specific substance affected by an enzyme

Back 18

substrate

Front 19

the state in which a chemical reaction and its reverse occur at the same time and at the same rate

Back 19

equilibrium

Front 20

a general rule that describes the behavior of equilibrium systems

Back 20

Le Chatelier's Principle

Front 21

distance traveled divided by the time interval during which motion occured

Back 21

speed

Front 22

quantity describing both speed and direction

Back 22

velocity

Front 23

a quantity defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity

Back 23

momentum

Front 24

change un velocity divided by the time interval in which the change occured

Back 24

acceleration

Front 25

the cause of acceleration, orchange in an object's velocity

Back 25

force

Front 26

forces acting on an object that combine to produce an net force equal to zero

Back 26

balanced forces

Front 27

forces acting on an object that combine to produce a net nonzero force

Back 27

unbalanced foreces

Front 28

the attraction between two particles of matter due to their mass

Back 28

gravity

Front 29

the tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity

Back 29

inertia

Front 30

the motion of a body when only the force of gravity is acting on it

Back 30

free fall

Front 31

the maximum velocity reached by a falling object that occurs when the resistance of the medium is equal to the force due to gracity

Back 31

terminal velocity

Front 32

a quantity that measures the effects of a force acting over a distance

Back 32

work

Front 33

a quantity that measures the rate at which work is done

Back 33

power

Front 34

a quantity that measures how much a machine multiplies force or distance

Back 34

mechanical advantage

Front 35

one of the six basic types of machines of which all other machines are composed

Back 35

simple machine

Front 36

a machine made of more than one simple machine

Back 36

compound machine

Front 37

the stored energy resulting from the relative positions of objects in a system

Back 37

potential energy

Front 38

the energy of a moving object due to its motion

Back 38

kinetic energy

Front 39

the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of large-scale objects in a system

Back 39

mechanical energy

Front 40

a quantity, usually expressed as a percentage, that measures the ration of useful work output to work input

Back 40

efficiency

Front 41

a disturbance that transmits energy through matter or space

Back 41

wave

Front 42

the matter through which a wave travels

Back 42

medium

Front 43

a wave that requires a medium through which to travel

Back 43

mechanical wave

Front 44

a wave caused by a disturbance in electric and magnetic fields and that doesnt require a medium; also called a light wave

Back 44

electromagnetic wave

Front 45

a wave that causes the particles of the medium to vibrate parallel to the direction the wave travels

Back 45

transverse wave

Front 46

the highest point of a transverse wave

Back 46

crest

Front 47

the lowest point of a transverse wave

Back 47

trough

Front 48

the greatest distance that particles in a medium move from their normal position when a wave passes

Back 48

amplitude

Front 49

the distance between any two successive ientical parts of a wave

Back 49

wavelength

Front 50

the time required for one full wavelength to pass a certain point

Back 50

period

Front 51

the number of vibrations that occur in a one second time interval

Back 51

frequency

Front 52

a speed at which a wave passes through a medium

Back 52

wave speed

Front 53

an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

Back 53

Doppler Effect

Front 54

the bouncing back of a wave as it meets a surface or boundary

Back 54

reflection

Front 55

the bending of a wave as it passes an edge or an opening

Back 55

diffraction

Front 56

the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another

Back 56

refraction

Front 57

the combination of two or more waves that exist in the same place at the same time

Back 57

interference

Front 58

any interference in which waves combine so that the resulting wave is smaller that the largest of the orignal waves

Back 58

destructive interference

Front 59

any interference in which waves combine so that the resulting wave is smaller than the largest of the original waves

Back 59

contructive wave

Front 60

a wave form caused by interference that appears not to move along the medium and that shows some regions of no vibration (nodes) and other regions of maximum vibrations (antinodes)

Back 60

standing wave

Front 61

the highest point of a transverse wave

Back 61

crest

Front 62

the lowest point of a transverse wave

Back 62

trough

Front 63

the greatest distance that particles in a medium move from their normal position when a wave passes

Back 63

amplitude

Front 64

the distance between any two successive ientical parts of a wave

Back 64

wavelength

Front 65

the time required for one full wavelength to pass a certain point

Back 65

period

Front 66

the number of vibrations that occur in a one second time interval

Back 66

frequency

Front 67

a speed at which a wave passes through a medium

Back 67

wave speed

Front 68

an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

Back 68

Doppler Effect

Front 69

the bouncing back of a wave as it meets a surface or boundary

Back 69

reflection

Front 70

the bending of a wave as it passes an edge or an opening

Back 70

diffraction

Front 71

the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another

Back 71

refraction

Front 72

the combination of two or more waves that exist in the same place at the same time

Back 72

interference

Front 73

any interference in which waves combine so that the resulting wave is smaller that the largest of the orignal waves

Back 73

destructive interference

Front 74

any interference in which waves combine so that the resulting wave is smaller than the largest of the original waves

Back 74

contructive wave

Front 75

a wave form caused by interference that appears not to move along the medium and that shows some regions of no vibration (nodes) and other regions of maximum vibrations (antinodes)

Back 75

standing wave

Front 76

an object so massive and dense that not even light can escape its gravity

Back 76

blackhole

Front 77

any of the nine primary bodies orbiting the sun; a similar body orbiting another star

Back 77

planet

Front 78

the sun and all the objects that orbit around it

Back 78

solar system

Front 79

a small, rocky object that orbits the sun, usually in a band between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

Back 79

asteroid

Front 80

a model that describes the sun and the solar system forming together out of a gas and dust

Back 80

nebular model

Front 81

the different apparent shapes of the moon or a planet due to the relative positions of the sun, earth, and the moon or planet

Back 81

phases

Front 82

an event that occurs when one object passes into the shadow of another object

Back 82

eclipse