Vocabulary For Ielts (Unit 20)

Front 1

Appreciation (n) *

Back 1

[uncountable]

a feeling of being grateful for something someone has done

show/express your appreciation

✓The chairman asked me to express our appreciation of all your hard work.

✓He was presented with a watch in appreciation of his long service.

Hint 1

تقدیر، درک قدر یا بهای چیزی

Front 2

Behold (v)

Back 2

to see or to look at something

– sometimes used humorously

be a sight/joy/pleasure etc to behold

✓The beauty of the garden was a pleasure to behold.

—beholder (noun) [countable]

Hint 2

مشاهده کردن، نظاره کردن

Front 3

artifact (n) *

Back 3

artefact (especially British English) [countable]

an object such as a tool, weapon etc that was made in the past and is historically important:

✓ancient Egyptian artefacts

Hint 3

اثر تصنعی

Front 4

Impulse (n)

Back 4

[countable]

a reason or aim that causes a particular kind of activity or behaviour:

✓It is the passions which provide the main impulse of music.

Hint 4

انگیزش

Front 5

Throng (n) *

Back 5

(Countable)

a large group of people in one place

Synonym : crowd:

✓She got lost in the throng.

✓a throng of excited spectators

Front 6

Enigmatic (adj)

Back 6

mysterious and difficult to understand

enigmatic smile/expression etc

—enigmatically (adverb):

"You'll see," he replied enigmatically.

Hint 6

مبهم، معمایی

Front 7

Tingle (v)

Back 7

if a part of your body tingles, you feel a slight stinging feeling, especially on your skin:

✓My body tingled all over and I had a terrible headache.

tingling feeling/sensation

✓Graham felt a tingling sensation in his hand.

Hint 7

حس خارش یا سوزش داشتن

Front 8

Glimpse (n) *

Back 8

a quick look at someone or something that does not allow you to see them clearly

✓They caught a glimpse of a dark green car.

brief/fleeting/quick glimpse (=a very short look)

✓We only had a fleeting glimpse of the river.

Hint 8

نگاه اجمالی

Front 9

Mundane (adj) *

Back 9

ordinary and not interesting or exciting

Synonym : boring:

✓Initially, the work was pretty mundane.

✓The mundane task of setting the table can be fun on holidays.

Front 10

Curvaceous (adj) *

Back 10

having an attractively curved body shape

– used about women:

✓a tall curvaceous young woman

Hint 10

دارای انحناء وقوسهای ظریف زنانه

Front 11

Choreograph (v) *

Back 11

to arrange how dancers should move during a performance:

✓The show is very cleverly choreographed.

Front 12

Aesthetic (adj) *

Back 12

connected with beauty and the study of beauty:

✓From an esthetic point of view, it's a nice design.

✓a work of great aesthetic appeal

Hint 12

وابسته به زیبایی,، زیبایی شناختی

Front 13

Stimulus (adj) *

Back 13

[countable usually singular, uncountable]

something that helps a process to develop more quickly or more strongly:

✓Tax cuts provided the stimulus which the slow economy needed.

✓The discovery of oil acted as a stimulus to industrial development.

Hint 13

انگیزه، وسیله تحریک

Front 14

Deft (adj)

Back 14

(Written)

skilful at doing something

Synonym : adept (adj)

his deft chairmanship of the company

—deftly (adverb)

—deftness (noun) [uncountable]

Hint 14

ماهر، زبردست

Front 15

Conception (n) *

Back 15

[uncountable and countable]

an idea about what something is like, or a general understanding of something ⇒ concept

✓the conception of parliamentary

✓democracy changing conceptions of the world

have (no) conception of something

✓They have no conception of what women really feel and want.

Hint 15

فهم، ادراک

Front 16

Burgeon (v) *

Back 16

formal

to grow or develop quickly:

✓the burgeoning market for digital cameras

Front 17

Transcend (v) *

Back 17

formal

to go beyond the usual limits of something:

✓The desire for peace transcended political differences.

Hint 17

ورا رفتن، برتری یافتن

Front 18

Provoke (v) *

Back 18

to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one ⇒ provocation

provoke a protest/an outcry/criticism etc

✓The proposal provoked widespread criticism.

provoke debate/discussion

✓The novel has provoked fierce debate in the US.

Hint 18

برانگیختن

Front 19

Showcase (n)

Back 19

a glass box containing objects for people to look at in a shop, at an art show etc

—showcase (verb) [transitive]:

✓She wants to showcase African-American literature.

Hint 19

در ویترین نمایش دادن

Front 20

Dine (v)

Back 20

(Formal)

to eat dinner:

He was dining with friends at the Ritz.⇒ wine and dine somebody at wine

dine on/off something (phrasal verb)

to eat a particular kind of food for dinner, especially expensive food:

✓We dined on lobster and strawberries.

Hint 20

ناهار خوردن، شام خوردن

Front 21

Literary (n) (only before noun) ***

Back 21

relating to literature:

✓a literary prize

✓literary criticism (=the study of the methods used in writing literature)

Front 22

Fair (n) ***

Back 22

book/antiques/craft/trade etc fair

an event at which people or businesses show and sell their products:

✓the Frankfurt Book Fair

✓a trade fair (=where companies show their newest products)

✓a craft fair (=where people sell handmade products such as jewellery, paintings etc)

Front 23

In residence (formal)

Back 23

living in a place at a particular time:

✓The emperor was in residence at his summer palace.

Front 24

Feature (v) ***

Back 24

✓The exhibition features paintings by Picasso.

be featured in something

✓Pupils visited some of the websites featured in the article.

feature somebody as something

✓The film featured Brando as the Godfather.

Hint 24

to include or show something as a special or important part of something, or to be included as an important part:

Front 25

Prominent (adj)

Back 25

important:

a prominent Russian scientist

play a prominent part/role (in something)

✓Mandela played a prominent role in the early years of the ANC.

✓The World Cup will have a prominent place on the agenda.

Hint 25

مهم، برجسته

Front 26

intricate (adj) *

Back 26

containing many small parts or details that all work or fit together ⇒ complex:

✓intricate patterns

—intricately adverb:

✓intricately woven fabric

Hint 26

پیچیده، بغرنج

Front 27

Devote (v) **

Back 27

to use a particular area, period of time, or amount of space for a specific purpose

devote something to something

✓The meeting will be devoted to health and safety issues.

Hint 27

اختصاص دادن

Front 28

Interactive (adj) *

Back 28

involving talking and working together:

✓interactive teaching methods such as role playing

Hint 28

متقابل

Front 29

Accomplished (adj) *

Back 29

an accomplished writer, painter, singer etc is very skilful

highly/very accomplished

✓a highly accomplished designer

Front 30

Carving (n) *

Back 30

1) [countable]

an object or pattern made by cutting a shape in wood or stone for decoration ⇒ carve

2) [uncountable]

the activity or skill of carving something

Hint 30

حکاکی، بریدن

Front 31

narrative (n)

Back 31

(formal)

[countable]

a description of events in a story, especially in a novel:

✓At several points in the narrative the two stories cross.

Front 32

Justifiable (adj)

Back 32

actions, reactions, decisions etc that are justifiable are acceptable because they are done for good reasons:

✓justifiable anger

economically/commercially justifiable

✓Are these experiments morally justifiable?

—justifiably (adverb)

Hint 32

قابل توجیه، توجیه پذیر

Front 33

Embed (v)

Back 33

[intransitive, transitive usually passive]

to put something firmly and deeply into something else, or to be put into something in this way

be embedded in something

✓A piece of glass was embedded in her hand.

Front 34

Consensus (n) *

Back 34

(Uncountable)

an opinion that everyone in a group agrees with or accepts

Synonym : agreement

consensus that

✓There is a consensus among teachers that children should have a broad understanding of the world.

✓The general consensus was that technology was a good thing.

Hint 34

توافق عام، اجماع

Front 35

Emergence (n) *

Back 35

when something begins to be known or noticed

✓the emergence of Japan as a world leader

Hint 35

ظهور

Front 36

Concrete (adj) **

Back 36

definite and specific ⇒ abstract:

✓What does that mean in concrete terms?

✓the lack of any concrete evidence

✓a dialogue about concrete issues and problems

Front 37

Explicit (adj) *

Back 37

expressed in a way that is very clear and direct ⇒ implicit:

✓The kidnappers gave us explicit instructions not to involve the police.

✓Be explicit when you talk about money with your family.

✓He made the rules without being explicit about them.

Hint 37

صریح، روشن، واضح

Front 38

Strive (v)

Back 38

(formal)

to make a great effort to achieve something

strive to do something

✓I was still striving to be successful.

strive for/after

✓We must continue to strive for greater efficiency.

Hint 38

کوشیدن، کوشش کردن

Front 39

Medieval (adj) **

Back 39

connected with the Middle Ages (=the period between about 1100 and 1500 AD):

✓These spices were first brought to Italy from the East in medieval times.

✓a medieval castle

Hint 39

قرون وسطایی

Front 40

Seldom (adj)

Back 40

very rarely or almost never:

✓Karen had seldom seen him so angry.

Hint 40

GRAMMAR

In formal writing, seldom can be put first, followed by an auxiliary and the subject, to emphasize that something very rarely happens:

✓Seldom have I read an article that was so full of lies.

Front 41

Institutionalize (v)

Back 41

to make something a normal accepted part of a social system or organization:

✓the struggle to institutionalize equality for women

Hint 41

رسمی کردن

Front 42

Attribute (v) *

Back 42

if people in general attribute a particular statement, painting, piece of music etc to someone, they believe that person said it, painted it etc:

✓a saying usually attributed to Confucius

Hint 42

منسوب به

Front 43

Imprint (v)

Back 43

literary

to become fixed in your mind or memory so that you never forget

imprint something on your mind/memory/brain etc

✓The sight of Joe's dead body was imprinted on his mind forever.

Front 44

Descriptive (adj)

Back 44

technical

describing how the words of a language are actually used, rather than saying how they ought to be used

Antonym : prescriptive

Hint 44

توصیفی

Front 45

Rote (n)

Back 45

(formal) (Uncountable)

when you learn something by repeating it many times, without thinking about it carefully or without understanding it:

✓In old-fashioned schools, much learning was by rote.

✓the rote learning of facts

Front 46

Marginally (adv) *

Back 46

not enough to make an important difference

Synonym : slightly

Antonym : significantly:

✓Gina's grades have improved marginally since last term.

✓The new system is only marginally more efficient than the old one.

Front 47

Cue (n) *

Back 47

an action or event that is a signal for something else to happen

✓Our success was the cue for other companies to press ahead with new investment.

somebody's cue to do something

✓I think that's my cue to explain why I'm here.

Front 48

Sculpture (n) *

Back 48

[uncountable and countable]

an object made out of stone, wood, clay etc by an artist

✓a sculpture of an elephant

✓an exhibition of sculpture

Hint 48

مجسمه سازی

Front 49

Ovation (n)

Back 49

(formal)

if a group of people give someone an ovation, they clap to show approval:

✓The Chancellor's entrance was greeted with a standing ovation (=everyone stood up).

✓Fans gave the rock group a thunderous ovation.

Hint 49

تحسین حضار