Vocabulary For Ielts (Unit 18)

Front 1

Arson (n) *

Back 1

Uncountable

the crime of deliberately making something burn, especially a building:

✓The school was destroyed in an arson attack.

Front 2

Burglary (n) *

Back 2

[uncountable and countable]

the crime of getting into a building to steal things:

✓Burglaries have risen by 5%.

✓He was charged with burglary.

✓Most burglaries happen at night.

Front 3

Fraud (n) *

Back 3

[uncountable and countable]

the crime of deceiving people in order to gain something such as money or goods

tax/insurance/credit card etc fraud

✓He's been charged with tax fraud.

✓electoral fraud

✓She was found guilty of fraud.

Hint 3

کلاهبرداری

Front 4

Vandalism (n) *

Back 4

[uncountable]

the crime of deliberately damaging things, especially public property

Front 5

Pickpocket (n) *

Back 5

[countable]

someone who steals things from people's pockets, especially in a crowd

Hint 5

جیب بر

Front 6

Smuggling (n) *

Back 6

[uncountable]

the crime of taking something illegally from one country to another:

✓He was arrested in connection with drug smuggling.

Front 7

Violate (v) *

Back 7

to disobey or do something against an official agreement, law, principle etc:

✓34 protesters were arrested for violating criminal law.

✓regimes that violate human rights

Hint 7

نقض کردن

Front 8

Offence (n) (British English)

Back 8

offense (American English)

[countable]

an illegal action or a crime:

✓His solicitor said he committed the offence because he was heavily in debt.

✓sexual offences against children

Hint 8

قانون شکنی

Front 9

Representative (n) ***

Back 9

someone who has been chosen to speak, vote, or make decisions for someone else

Synonym : delegate:

✓a union representative

✓an elected representative of the people

Front 10

on behalf of somebody

Back 10

also in behalf of somebody (American English)

instead of someone, or as their representative:

✓She asked the doctor to speak to her parents on her behalf.

✓On behalf of everyone here, may I wish you a very happy retirement.

Front 11

Intent (n)

Back 11

formal

(Uncountable)

what you intend to do

Synonym : intention:

✓She behaved foolishly but with good intent.

Front 12

Reckless (n) *

Back 12

not caring or worrying about the possible bad or dangerous results of your actions:

✓He was accused of causing death by reckless driving.

✓He ran into the burning house with reckless abandon (=without caring about the danger).

—recklessly (adverb)

—recklessness (noun) [uncountable]

Hint 12

بی پروا

Front 13

Unintentional (adj) *

Back 13

not done deliberately

Antonym : deliberate (adjective)

I know she upset you, but I'm sure it was unintentional.

—unintentionally (adverb)

Front 14

Numerous (adj) **

Back 14

many:

✓Numerous attempts have been made to hide the truth.

✓The two leaders have worked together on numerous occasions.

too numerous to mention/list

✓The individuals who have contributed to this book are far too numerous to mention.

Front 15

Elusive (adj) *

Back 15

an elusive idea or quality is difficult to describe or understand:

✓For me, the poem has an elusive quality.

Front 16

Perpetrate (v)

Back 16

(formal)

to do something that is morally wrong or illegal ⇒ commit:

✓Who could have perpetrated such a dreadful crime?

Hint 16

مرتکب شدن

Front 17

Contend (v)

Back 17

[transitive]

to argue or state that something is true

Synonym : insist

contend (that)

✓Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously thought.

Hint 17

contend with something (phrasal verb)

to have to deal with something difficult or unpleasant

Synonym : cope with:

✓The rescue team also had bad weather conditions to contend with.

Front 18

Deter (v) *

Back 18

to stop someone from doing something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results ⇒ deterrent:

✓The company's financial difficulties have deterred potential investors.

deter somebody from (doing) something

✓The security camera was installed to deter people from stealing.

Hint 18

بازداشتن، ترساندن

Front 19

Convict (v) *

Back 19

to prove or officially announce that someone is guilty of a crime after a trial in a law court

Antonym : acquit

convict somebody of something

✓She was convicted of shoplifting.

convict somebody on something

✓He was convicted on fraud charges.

✓a convicted murderer

Hint 19

محکوم کردن

Front 20

Convict (n)

Back 20

someone who has been proved to be guilty of a crime and sent to prison:

✓an escaped convict

Front 21

Impose (v) ***

Back 21

[transitive]

if someone in authority imposes a rule, punishment, tax etc, they force people to accept it:

✓The court can impose a fine.

impose something on something/somebody

✓The government imposed a ban on the sale of ivory.

Hint 21

وضع کردن

Front 22

Prosecutor (n) *

Back 22

a lawyer who is trying to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime

Front 23

Victim (n) ***

Back 23

someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered:

✓The victim received head injuries from which she died a week later.

rape/murder etc victim

✓Most homicide victims are under 30.

✓a credit card fraud ring that stole millions of dollars from unsuspecting victims

Hint 23

قربانی

Front 24

abide by something (phrasal verb)

Back 24

to accept and obey a decision, rule, agreement etc, even though you may not agree with it:

✓You have to abide by the referee's decision.

law-abiding (adjective)

respectful of the law and obeying it:

✓a law-abiding citizen

Front 25

Abolish (v) *

Back 25

to officially end a law, system etc, especially one that has existed for a long time:

✓Slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th century.

Hint 25

منسوخ کردن

Front 26

Deem (v) * (formal)

Back 26

deem something necessary/appropriate etc

✓They were told to take whatever action they deemed necessary.

be deemed to be something

✓They were deemed to be illegal immigrants.

be deemed to do something

✓UK plans were deemed to infringe EU law.

Hint 26

to think of something in a particular way or as having a particular quality

Synonym : consider

✓They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing the business.

Front 27

Intrusion (n) *

Back 27

when someone does something, or something happens, that affects your private life or activities in an unwanted way

intrusion into/on/upon

✓I resented this intrusion into my domestic affairs.

✓the unwelcome intrusion of the press

Hint 27

تعدی

Front 28

Petty (adj) *

Back 28

a petty problem, detail etc is small and unimportant

Synonym : trivial:

✓petty squabbles

✓petty restrictions

petty crime

a crime that is not serious, for example stealing things that are not very valuable

Front 29

Resent (v) *

Back 29

to feel angry or upset about a situation or about something that someone has done, especially because you think that it is not fair

resent (somebody) doing something

✓I resented having to work such long hours.

bitterly/deeply/strongly resent

✓She bitterly resented his mother's influence over him.

Hint 29

منزجر شدن از، رنجیدن از

Front 30

Combat (v) *

Back 30

to try to stop something bad from happening or getting worse

-used especially in news reports

combat inflation/crime/racism etc

✓To combat inflation, the government raised interest rates.

✓new strategies for combatting terrorism

Front 31

Rehabilitate (v) *

Back 31

to help someone to live a healthy, useful, or active life again after they have been seriously ill or in prison:

✓a special unit for rehabilitating stroke patients

Hint 31

توانبخشی کردن