Vocabulary For Ielts (Unit 11)

Front 1

Cottage

Back 1

a small house in the country:

✓a country cottage

✓We are staying in a holiday cottage in Dorset.

Hint 1

کلبه

Front 2

Quarry (n) *

Back 2

[countable] a place where large amounts of stone or sand are dug out of the ground:

Hint 2

معدن سنگ

Front 3

Ornate (adj) *

Back 3

covered with a lot of decoration:

✓an ornate gold mirror

Hint 3

بیش از حد آراسته

Front 4

Cosy (adj) * (British English)

Back 4

Cozy (American English)

a place that is cosy is small, comfortable, and warm:

✓The living room was warm and cosy.

Hint 4

دنج، راحت، گرم و نرم

Front 5

state-of-the-art (adj) *

Back 5

using the most modern and recently developed methods, materials, or knowledge:

✓state-of-the-art technology

✓His new laptop is state-of-the-art.

Front 6

Cramped (adj) *

Back 6

a cramped room, building etc does not have enough space for the people in it ⇒ crowded:

✓The kitchen was small and cramped.

✓a cramped apartment

✓The troops slept in cramped conditions with up to 20 in a single room.

Front 7

Conventional (adj) **

Back 7

[only before noun] a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type:

✓Internet connections through conventional phone lines are fairly slow.

✓Bake for 20 minutes in a conventional oven; 8 in a microwave.

Hint 7

مرسوم، متعارف

Front 8

Spacious (adj) *

Back 8

a spacious house, room etc is large and has plenty of space to move around in

Antonym : cramped:

✓a spacious living area

Hint 8

جادار

Front 9

Hoist (v) *

Back 9

to raise, lift, or pull something up, especially using ropes:

✓The crew hurried to hoist the flag.

Hint 9

بالا کشیدن

Front 10

Skyward (adv)

Back 10

up into the sky or towards the sky:

✓The bird soared skywards.

Hint 10

به طرف آسمان، به سوی آسمان

Front 11

Haul (v) *

Back 11

to pull something heavy with a continuous steady movement

haul something off/onto/out of etc something

✓She hauled her backpack onto her back.

✓the steam locomotive which hauled the train

✓I hauled the door shut behind me.

Front 12

Inventive (adj)

Back 12

able to think of new, different, or interesting ideas

Synonym : creative:

✓one of the most talented and inventive drummers in modern music

Hint 12

مبتکر

Front 13

Unveil (v)

Back 13

to show or tell people about a new product or plan for the first time:

✓The club has unveiled plans to build a new stadium.

Hint 13

پرده‌برداری کردن، آشکار ساختن

Front 14

Exterior (n) *

Back 14

[usually singular] the outside of something, especially a building

Antonym : interior

✓the exterior of the factory

✓The dome is tiled on the exterior.

Hint 14

بیرونی

Front 15

Landmark (n) *

Back 15

something that is easy to recognize, such as a tall tree or building, and that helps you know where you are:

✓One of Belfast's most famous landmarks, the Grosvenor Hall, has been demolished.

Front 16

Innovate (v) *

Back 16

to start to use new ideas, methods, or inventions:

✓the need for large businesses to innovate

✓The company has successfully innovated new products and services.

Innovation (n)

[countable] a new idea, method, or invention

✓recent innovations in English teaching

Hint 16

ابداع، نوآوری

Front 17

Renovate (v) *

Back 17

to repair a building or old furniture so that it is in good condition again:

✓The hotel has been renovated and redecorated.

—renovation (noun)

[uncountable and countable]

Hint 17

نوسازی کردن

Front 18

Devise (v) *

Back 18

to plan or invent a new way of doing something:

✓She devised a method for quicker communications between offices.

Hint 18

اختراع کردن

Front 19

Tenant (n)

Back 19

someone who lives in a house, room etc and pays rent to the person who owns it ⇒ landlord:

✓The desk was left by the previous tenant.

Hint 19

اجاره نشین، مستأجر

Front 20

Demonstrate (v) ***

Back 20

[transitive]

to show or prove something clearly:

✓The study demonstrates the link between poverty and malnutrition.

demonstrate how/what/why etc

✓This section will attempt to demonstrate how the Bank of England operates.

Hint 20

نشان دادن، ثابت کردن

Front 21

Obsession (n)

Back 21

an extreme unhealthy interest in something or worry about something, which stops you from thinking about anything else:

✓Gambling became an obsession, and he eventually lost everything.

✓an unhealthy obsession with being thin

Hint 21

وسواس، فکر دائم

Front 22

Dwelling (n) *

Back 22

[countable] (formal)

a house, apartment etc where people live

Front 23

Consumer (n) ***

Back 23

someone who buys and uses products and services ⇒ consumption, producer:

✓Consumers will soon be paying higher airfares.

✓It will offer a wider choice of goods for the consumer (=consumers in general).

✓Consumer spending was down by 0.1% last month.

Hint 23

Word Family:

noun: consumption, consumer

verb: consume

Front 24

Consolidate (v)

Back 24

to strengthen the position of power or success that you have, so that it becomes more effective or continues for longer:

✓The company has consolidated its position as the country's leading gas supplier.

✓The team consolidated their lead with a third goal.

Hint 24

محکم کردن

Front 25

Indebted (adj)

Back 25

1. be (deeply/greatly) indebted to somebody

to be very grateful to someone for the help they have given you:

✓We are deeply indebted to Dr Allen.

2. owing money to someone:

✓the 17 most heavily indebted nations

Front 26

Depict (v) *

Back 26

to describe something or someone in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc:

✓a book depicting life in pre-revolutionary Russia

depict somebody/something as something

✓The god is depicted as a bird with a human head.

Front 27

Prefabricated (adj) *

Back 27

built from parts which are made in standard sizes so that they can be put together anywhere:

✓a prefabricated house

Front 28

Appliance (n)

Back 28

a piece of equipment, especially electrical equipment, such as a cooker or washing machine, used in people's homes

domestic/household etc appliance

✓There is plenty of space for all the usual kitchen appliances.

✓electrical/gas appliance

Front 29

Team-up (phrasal verb)

Back 29

to join with someone in order to work on something

✓You can team up with one other class member if you want.

Front 30

Self-propelled (adj)

Back 30

able to move by its own power:

✓self-propelled artillery/guns

Hint 30

خود کششی

Front 31

Marvel (n) *

Back 31

something or someone that is extremely useful or skillful

Synonym : miracle, wonder:

✓an engineering marvel

✓I don't know how he did it – he is an absolute marvel!

✓the marvels of modern science

Front 32

Fascination (n)

Back 32

[singular, uncountable]

the state of being very interested in something, so that you want to look at it, learn about it etc ⇒ obsession

fascination for/with

✓Police knew of his fascination with guns.

✓The children watched in fascination.

Hint 32

افسون، جذبه

Front 33

Synthetic (adj)

Back 33

produced by combining different artificial substances, rather than being naturally produced

Antonym : natural:

✓synthetic chemicals

synthetic fibres/materials/fabrics

Hint 33

مرکب از مواد مصنوعی

Front 34

Domestic (adj)

Back 34

used in people's homes:

✓a new tax on domestic fuel

✓domestic appliances such as washing machines

Hint 34

خانگی

Front 35

Masculinity (n)

Back 35

[uncountable]

the features and qualities considered to be typical of men

Antonym : femininity:

✓Children's ideas of masculinity tend to come from their fathers.

✓boys trying to prove their masculinity.

Hint 35

مردونگی

Front 36

Preserve (v) **

Back 36

to save something or someone from being harmed or destroyed ⇒ preservation:

✓We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands.

Front 37

Pejorative (adj)

Back 37

a word or expression that is pejorative is used to show disapproval or to insult someone:

✓For hard-line Republicans, the word 'liberal' had become a pejorative term.

Hint 37

تحقیر آمیز

Front 38

Exhort (v) *

Back 38

formal

to try very hard to persuade someone to do something

Synonym : urge

exhort somebody to do something

Police exhorted the crowd to remain calm.

—exhortation (noun) [uncountable and countable]

Hint 38

تشویق و ترغیب کردن

Front 39

Rein (n)

Back 39

give (full/free) rein to something

to allow an emotion or feeling to be expressed freely:

✓He gave free rein to his imagination.

Front 40

Ebb (v)

Back 40

(intransitive)

(also ebb away) to gradually decrease:

✓Lind's enthusiasm began to ebb away.

Hint 40

فروکش کردن

Front 41

Hectic (adj)

Back 41

very busy or full of activity:

✓I have had a pretty hectic day.

✓a hectic social life

Front 42

Envisage (v) *

Back 42

to think that something is likely to happen in the future:

✓The scheme cost a lot more than we had originally envisaged.

envisage doing something

✓I don't envisage working with him again.

Hint 42

در نظر داشتن، انتظار داشتن

Front 43

Consumerism (n)

Back 43

(Uncountable)

the belief that it is good to buy and use a lot of goods and services

– often used to show disapproval:

✓the growth of consumerism

Front 44

Disposable (adj) *

Back 44

intended to be used once or for a short time and then thrown away:

✓disposable nappies

Hint 44

یکبار مصرف