Vocabulary For Dna Unit (Ch.11)

Front 1

Nucleic acids

Back 1

The polymers that hold the instructions for building our traits.

Front 2

nucleotides

Back 2

This is made of a phosphate, nitrogen base, and a sugar molecule, such as ribose and deoxyribose.

Front 3

hydrogen bonds

Back 3

This force holds the two sides of the DNA helix together.

Front 4

nitrogen bases

Back 4

There are four of these; adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine. They hold the code for our traits.

Front 5

helicase

Back 5

This molecule is used to unwind the helix of DNA.

Front 6

DNA polymerase

Back 6

This molecules is used to add more DNA nucleotides.

Front 7

RNA polymerase

Back 7

This molecules is used to add more RNA nucleotides.

Front 8

mutations

Back 8

If a nucleotide is added, subtracted, or substitued in the DNA strand. It could be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

Front 9

amino acids

Back 9

The monomers used to build proteins. These are found attached to one end of a tRNA molecule.

Front 10

protein

Back 10

These are the polymers built during the process of translation.

Front 11

Francis Crick

Back 11

With James Watson, this scientist helped identify the structure of DNA.

Front 12

James Watson

Back 12

With Francis crick, this scientist helped identify the structure of DNA.

Front 13

Rosalind Franklin

Back 13

This scientist's work helped Watson and Crick identify the structure of DNA.

Front 14

DNA

Back 14

This holds the instructions for the proteins used to build an organsim's traits.

Front 15

mRNA

Back 15

This is the molecule made during transcription, it carries the code out of the nucleus to the ribosomes.

Front 16

replication

Back 16

This is the process that builds mRNA to carry DNA's message out of the nucleus.

Front 17

ribosome

Back 17

This is where proteins are built by reading mRNA.

Front 18

deoxyribose

Back 18

The sugar found in DNA nucleotides.

Front 19

ribose

Back 19

The sugar found in RNA nucleotides.

Front 20

nucleus

Back 20

This organelle is what gives DNA protection. The DNA can't leave this location.

Front 21

chromosomes

Back 21

Coiled DNA holding many, many genes.

Front 22

translation

Back 22

This is the process that builds the proteins by putting together amino acids to build proteins.

Front 23

cytosine

Back 23

Matches with Guanine in DNA and RNA.

Front 24

adenine

Back 24

Matches with Thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA.

Front 25

thymine

Back 25

Matches with Adenine in DNA and RNA.

Front 26

Uracil

Back 26

Matches with adenine in DNA when building RNA.

Front 27

Guanine

Back 27

Matches with Cytosine in DNA and RNA.

Front 28

Double Helix

Back 28

The structure of DNA.

Front 29

covalent bonds

Back 29

The bond that holds the backbone of DNA together.

Front 30

Phosphate

Back 30

Along with the suagr, this makes up the backbone of DNA or RNA.

Front 31

traits

Back 31

The characteristics seen in an organism, such as hair color, height, eye color, etc.

Front 32

complementary strand

Back 32

This is the term used to describe a matching DNA strand.

Front 33

tRNA

Back 33

These carry the amino acids to the ribosome and match with the codons on the mRNA strand.

Front 34

codon

Back 34

The set of three nitrogen bases found in mRNA.

Front 35

transcription

Back 35

The process used to build mRNA from a complementary strand of DNA.