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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
construct
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abstraction that cannot be observed directly, i.e. intelligence, personality, effectiveness, creativity
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data
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pieces of information collected to examine a topic
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variable
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construct that can take on two or more values or scores
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instrument
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tool used to collect data
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measurement scale
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instrument used to obtain a range of values or scores for each variable
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nominal (categorical) variables
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classify persons or object into two or more categories, i.e. male/female, married/divorced/ single
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ordinal variables
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classify and rank persons or objects
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interval variables
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classify and rank using equal intevals, i.e. test score of 88%
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ratio variables
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classify, rank in equal intervals with a true zero point, mostly used with physical measurements
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dependent variable
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effect
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independent variable
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cause, treatment
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test
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formal, sytematic, paper-and-pencil procedure
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cognitive
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acheivement, ability, reading
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affective
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attitudes, emotions, interests, values
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assessment
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process of collecting, sythesizing, interpreting info from formal or informal instruments
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measurement
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process of quantifying or scoring person's performance on assessments
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performance assessment
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authenthic or alternative assessment
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raw score
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number correct on a test, 78 out of 100 would be 78
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norm-referenced test
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scoring indicates how one student did compared to other students who took the test
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criterion-referenced
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scores compared against predetermined levels of performance
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self-referenced
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measures how an individual student's performance changes over time
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cognitive test
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measures intellectual processes, i.e. thinking, memorizing, problem solving, analyzing, reasoning
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achievement test
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measures how well students have learned what they have been taught in school
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diagnostic test
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measures student's strengths and weaknesses
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aptitude test
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used to predict how well a student will perform in the future
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affective test
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assesses feelings, values, attitudes toward self, others, actrivities, institutions, and situations
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attitude scales
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determine what an idivdual believes, perceives, or feels about self, others, etc.
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Likert scale
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participants respond to a statement indicating whether they strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree or strongly disagree
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semantic differential scale
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scale between two polar adjectives, i.e. necessary/unnecessary; fair/unfair, better/worse
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rating scale
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measures attitudes toward others
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Thurston scale
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measures attitude
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Guttman scale
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measures attitude and determines if it is munidmentsional, using a cumulative scale
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interest inventory
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determines an individual's like and dislikes ex. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory and Kuder Preference Record-Vocational
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Study of Values
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test of individual's values
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personality inventory
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describes an individual's personality, i.e. Personality Adjective Checklist, California Psychological Inventory, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Mooney Problem Checklist, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire
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response set
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tendency of individual to continually respond in a particular way
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bias
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when respondent's race, gender, language, or religious orientation distorts their performance
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projective test
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answers are ambiguous and not obvious to the respondent, i.e. inkblot
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validity
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extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure
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content validity
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degree to which the test measures the intended content area
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item validity
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degree to which test items are relevant to the intended content area
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sampling validity
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how well the test samples the total content area being tested
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concurrent validity
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degree to which the scores on two test taken at about the same time are correlated
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predictive validity
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degree to which the scores on two tests taken at different times are correlated
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criterion-related validity
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determined by establishing a relatoinship between scores on the test and scores on some other established test or criterion
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predictive validity
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degree to which a test can predict how well an individual will do in a future situation
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construct validity
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degree to which a test reflects the construct it is intended to measure
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consequential validity
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measure possible harmful effects
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reliability
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degree to which a test consitently measures whatever it is measuring
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reliability coeefficient
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a perfectly reliable test would score a 1.00
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stability
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test, retest reliability, degree to which socres on the same test are consistent over time
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equivalence
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consistency between alternate forms of the test
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internal consistency reliability
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measures reliability one test at a time using split-half, Kuder-Richardson or Chronbach's alpha
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split half reliability
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breaking single test into two halves and correlating the two sets of scores
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Kudar-Richardson
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measures intennal consistency by determining how all items on a test relate to other test items and to the total test (multiple choice)
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Cronbach's alpha
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general formula on which K-R is based
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score/rater reliability
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degree to which scoring is reliable
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interjudge reliability
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scoring reliability of two ormore independent scoreers
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intrajudge reliability
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consistency of the scoring of a single judge over time
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reliability coefficents
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.90 is a high score
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standard error of measurment
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estimate of how often you can expect test errors of a given size
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