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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Base pair
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two nucleotides in an RNA or a DNA molecule that are specifically paired by hydrogen bonds- for example, G with C, and A with T or U
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cell cycle
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reproductive cycle of the cell: the orderly sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its contents and divides into two
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centromere
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constricted region of a mitotic chromosome that holds sister chromatids together; also the site on the DNA where the kinetochore forms and then captures microtubules from the mitotic spindle
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chromatin
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complex of DNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins found in the nucleus of a eucaryotic cell. THe material of which chromosomes are made
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chromatin-remodeling complex
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enzyme (typically multisubunit) that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to alter histone-DNA interactions in eucaryotic chromosomes; the resulting alteration changes the accessibility of the underlying DNA to other protiens, including those involved in transcription
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chromosome
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long threadlike structure composed of DNA and associated proteins that carries the genetic information of an organism. especially visible when plant and animal cells undergo mitosis or meiosis
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complementary
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describes two molecular surfaces that fit together closely and form noncovalent bonds with each other
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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double-stranded polynucleotide formed from two separate chains of covalently linked deoxyribonucleotide units. It serves as the cell's store of genetic information that is transmitted from generation to generation
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double helix
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the typical conformation of a DNA molecule in which two polynucleotide strands are wound around each other with base pairing between the strands
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epigenetic inheritance
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inheritance that is superimposed on the information inherited in the DNA sequence itself. often, information in the form of a particular type of chromatin structure (ex a certain pattern of histone modification or DNA methylation)
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euchromatin
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one of the two main states in which chromatin exists within an interphase cell, the other being heterochromatin. characterized by particular histone modifications and associated proteins;
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gene
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region of DNA that controls a discrete hereditary characteristic of an organism, usually responsible for specifying a single protein or RNA molecule
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genome
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the total genetic information carried by a cell of an organism (or the DNA molecules that carry this information)
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heterochromatin
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region of a chromosome that remains unusually condensed and transcriptionally inactive during interphase
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histone
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one of a group of abundant basic proteins, rich in arginine and lysine, that are associated with DNA in chromosomes to form nucleosomes
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karyotype
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a display of the full set of chromosomes of a cell arranged with respect to size, shape, and number
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nucleolus
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large structure in the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is transcribed and ribosomal subunits are assembled
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nucleosome
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beadlike structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome composed of a short length of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins; the fundamental subunit of chromatin
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replication origin
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site on a chromosome at which DNA replication begins
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telomere
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structure at the ends of linear chromosomes, associated with a characteristic DNA sequence that is replicated in a special way. counteracts the tendency of the chromosome otherwise to shorten with each round of replication
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G-C base pairs are more stable because they are held together by three hydrogen bonds, whereas A-T base pairs are held together by only 2
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Which of the following statements are correct?
A. A DNA strand has a polarity because one end of the strand is more highly charged than the other B. G-C base pairs are more stable than A-T base pairs |
