Vocabulary 9, 12, 13

Front 1

Articulation

Back 1

Joint or connection between bones

Front 2

Amphiarthrosis

Back 2

A slightly movable joint

Front 3

Syntosis

Back 3

Osseous union between 2 bones that were initially separate

Front 4

Symphysis

Back 4

Cartilaginous joint in which 2 bones are separated by a pad of fibrocartilage

Front 5

Bursa

Back 5

Closed fluid filled sac lined with a synovial membrane; usually found in areas subject to friction

Front 6

Flexion

Back 6

Movement that decreases the angle between the articulating bones.

Front 7

Extension

Back 7

Movement that increases the articulating angle

Front 8

Hyperextension

Back 8

Extension of a body part beyond 180 degrees

Front 9

Abduction

Back 9

Movement of a body part away from the median plane of the body

Front 10

Adduction

Back 10

Medial movement of a body part toward the midline.

Front 11

Circumduction

Back 11

Movement of a body part in a circular direction

Front 12

Rotation

Back 12

Movement of a part around its axis

Front 13

Medial

Back 13

Toward the midline

Front 14

Lateral

Back 14

Away from the midline

Front 15

Depression

Back 15

Downward/inward displacement of a body part

Front 16

Elevation

Back 16

Superior movement of a body part

Front 17

Protraction

Back 17

Movement of a body part anteriorly in a horizontal plane.

Front 18

Opposition

Back 18

Movement of the thumb across the palm to touch the Palmar side of the finger tips

Front 19

Meniscus

Back 19

Crescent shaped fibrocartilage found in certain joints

Front 20

Dorsiflexion

Back 20

Upward movement of the foot or toes, or of the hand or fingers

Front 21

Receptor

Back 21

Structure that detects a stimulus

Front 22

Stimulus

Back 22

Change in a regulated variable; event that provokes cellular response

Front 23

Effector

Back 23

Peripheral tissue or organ that responds to nervous or hormonal stimulation

Front 24

Central nervous system

Back 24

Composed of the brain and spinal cord

Front 25

Peripheral nervous system

Back 25

Composed of neurons and neurological cells found outside of the central nervous system

Front 26

Autonomic nervous system

Back 26

Part of the nervous system that regulates processes that occur below the conscious level. The activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, and glands.

Front 27

Afferent

Back 27

Inflowing or going toward a center

Front 28

Efferent

Back 28

Outgoing or moving away from a center

Front 29

Sensory (afferent) nueron

Back 29

Nerves sending information to the central nervous system

Front 30

Motor (efferent) nuerons

Back 30

Composed of neurons that take information away from the central nervous system

Front 31

Internueron

Back 31

Type of neuron that resides within the CNS and coordinate activity between sensory and motor nuerons

Front 32

Excitability

Back 32

The ability of a cell to respond to a stimulus with an action potential

Front 33

Conductivity

Back 33

Property or sending an electrical change along the cell membrane

Front 34

Dendrite

Back 34

Process of a neuron that receives and conducts graded potentials toward the body

Front 35

Axon

Back 35

Process of a nerve cell that conducts a nerve signal away from the cell body

Front 36

Axoplasm

Back 36

Cytoplasm within the axon

Front 37

Axolemma

Back 37

Plasma membrane of an axon

Front 38

Synaptic vesicles

Back 38

Package of plasma membrane enclosing neurotransmitter molecules in the synaptic knob

Front 39

Epineurium

Back 39

Outermost supporting connective tissue layer of peripheral nerves

Front 40

Perineuriom

Back 40

Fibrous sheath of peripheral nerves that surround the nerve fascicles

Front 41

Endoneurium

Back 41

Areolar connective tissue of a peripheral nerve that surrounds the axons

Front 42

Synapse

Back 42

Functional contact of a nerve cell with another nerve cell, effector or receptor

Front 43

Neurotransmitter

Back 43

Chemical released from a neuron that delivers information to another cell

Front 44

Astrocyte

Back 44

Largest and most abundant glial cell of the nervous system.

Front 45

Ependymal Cells

Back 45

Relating to the cellular lining of the brain ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord. Assist in production and circulation of CSF

Front 46

Microglia

Back 46

Category of small glial cells in central nervous system. Wander and exhibit phagocytic activity

Front 47

Oligodendrocytes

Back 47

Category of large glial cells in the central nervous system that wrap around and insulate axons

Front 48

Sulci

Back 48

Groove or furrow on the surface of the brain

Front 49

Fissure

Back 49

Deep furrow, cleft, or slit

Front 50

Ventricle

Back 50

Cavity within an organ such as the heart or the brain

Front 51

Diencephalon

Back 51

Brain region deep to the cerebrum. Contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Front 52

Gray matter

Back 52

Brain or spinal cord tissue composed of neuron cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons.

Front 53

Cerebral cortex

Back 53

Superficial layer of gray matter in the cerebrum

Front 54

Cerebral nuclei

Back 54

Paired irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres inferior to the floor of the lateral ventricle

Front 55

Arachnoid mater

Back 55

Spider web like meningeal layer. located between the dura matter and the pic matter

Front 56

Dura mater

Back 56

Tough fibrous membrane forming the outer covering of the CNS

Front 57

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 57

A clear fluid that circulates and ventricles and subarachnoid space to protect and support the brain and spinal cord

Front 58

Blood brain barrier

Back 58

Structure that regulates what can enter the interstitial fluid in the brain

Front 59

Cerebrum

Back 59

The largest most superior part of the brain. Left and right hemispheres. Location of conscious thought processes and of all complex intellectual functions

Front 60

Gustation

Back 60

Sense of taste

Front 61

Olfaction

Back 61

Sense of smell

Front 62

Hypothalamus

Back 62

Region of the brain that regulates body temperature in in automatic nervous system and endocrine system

Front 63

Infundibulum

Back 63

Funnel shaped structure or passage

Front 64

Medulla oblongata

Back 64

Brain region that transmits information between the spinal cord and higher brain centers. controls heart rate, blood pressure and breathing

Front 65

Cerebellum

Back 65

Second largest part of the brain. Develops posterialy to the pons I. The metencephalon.