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93 Cards in this Set
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Devotion and Loyalty to one's country
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Nationalism
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When two or more countries agree to help and support each other
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Alliance
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Germany was most afraid of :
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Russia
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A final set of demands from one group/nation to another, with an implied threat if the demands are not met.
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Ultimatum
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England agreed to protect this country under any attack :
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Belgium
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Germany considered this ally to be unreliable :
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Italy
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Common source of conflict (denying basic human rights)
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Oppression
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Transylvania is part of what country?
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Romania
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This country bordered Serbia to the north:
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Austria-Hungary
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Leader of Germany in 1914
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Kaiser Wilhelm 2
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Minorities in Austria-Hungary
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Poland, Czechs, Croats etc.
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Group of countries controlled or owned by another country
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Empire
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Shot archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Gavrilo Princip
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Trade and manufacturing
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Industry
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Triple Alliance
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
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Importance of Armed Forces
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Militarism
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Country that is ruled by another country :
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Colony
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Cousin to Nicky and Willy
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King George
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Westernmost member of the Triple Entente
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England. (Russia, France, England)
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Condition of instability and danger
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Crisis
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Murder of a person for political reasons
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Assassination
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Maintaining good relations and communications, between nations
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Diplomacy
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A formal agreement among two or more countries
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Treaty
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Payments made by a country defeated in war for damage caused in that war
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Reparations
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A temporary agreement to stop fighting
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Armistice
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A person who is killed, injured or missing in a war or accident
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Casualty
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A discussion regarding the terms of a treaty or agreement
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Negotiation
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Possession of a country's land by a foreign army, usually after a war
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Occupation
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When the military is removed from a location
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Demilitarized
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The treaty that dictated terms to Germany at the end WW1
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Treaty of Versailles
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A government system led by a dictator and emphasizing the power of the state over individuals
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Fascism
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Media
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A means of communication
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Mass Media
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Methods of communication used to reach large numbers of people (e.g. TV, newspapers, books)
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Audience
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The people who read, watch or listen to a media product
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Values
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Beliefs or ideals held by an individual or group of people about what is good or bad
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Bias
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An opinion that strongly favors one side in an argument; prejudice
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Ideology
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A set of ideas or beliefs that form the basis of a political, economic or social system.
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Aesthetic
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Relating to what is beautiful
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Constructed
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Built by fitting parts or elements
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Staged
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Contrived or manufactured to create a desired impression
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Photoshop
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A program for manipulating visual images or the act of manipulating visual images
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Persuasion
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The act of convincing someone of a fact or idea
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Psychology
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The science of how we think and behave
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Advertising
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Calling attention to a product using paid announcements
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Propaganda
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Information or ideas spread to change beliefs or attitudes toward a cause, group or institution
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Brand
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A name, design or any other feature that distinguishes on company's product from another's
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Logo
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A symbol that identifies a product or brand
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Slogan
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A short, memorable phrase
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Demographics
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The study of populations; segmenting population into groups based on age, gender, location, income etc.
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Target audience
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Specific groups of people that media producers or advertisers want to reach
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Positioning
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Ideas regarding what a product does and who it is designed for that guide advertising decisions
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Credible
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Believeable
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Valley
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low + reasonably levelled ground in between two mountains; usually result of a stream
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Draw
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Like a very steep valley; sinkhole that hasn't developed into a valley yet
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Hilltop
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high point
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Saddle
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Low point on a ridge; spot in between two mountains
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Ridge
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A long, flat top. Lengthy part of a mountain that's flat.
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Cut
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Where there's a manmade feature that cuts through a high area
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Depression
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Low point surrounded on all sides by higher ground
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Convex slope
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Bound outward
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Concave slope
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Bound inward; shallow at the bottom, steep at the top
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Carrying Contour
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mark symbolizing a cliff
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Contour interval
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One contour line = this much elevation per line.
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Tick marks
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Symbolize a cliff
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What are the questions you should ask about a research source?
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1. Who created this message? (Background info / contact info of author provided?)
2. Is this message good quality? (Is it written in a professional and convincing manner or an amateur way? Is there enough coverage on the topic?) 3. Is this message biased? (Does the author use emotion / loaded language to convince you? Are facts shown as opinion / fact / speculation? Google name of author + biased) 4. What is this website's purpose? (To inform, persuade or sell something?) 5. Are the facts verifiable? (Can they be confirmed through 2nd and 3rd sources?) |
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Photography techniques
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1. Framing - what did the photographer include/ exclude? Close ups -> intimacy
2. Shapes and patterns - are there any repeated patterns or geometric shapes that draw your attention? 3. Lines - are there any lines that move towards a 'focal point' in the image? 4. Angle - from below -> subject seems dramatic/large; from above -> subject seems vulnerable and small 5. Contrast - between light and dark, texture, etc. -> can highlight certain points in the image |
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"The world is a more violent place today than it was in the past."
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- not true : homicide rates + violent crime rates have gone down greatly
- slavery, torture, death penalty etc. have been eradicated - may seem like it's worse due to a bettering in standards, cognitive illusion, better reporting. |
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Most common causes of war?
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1. Ideology - Difference in beliefs about religion, political systems or social values.
2. Self-Determination - Specific ethnic minority groups that want to govern themselves 3. Resources and Territory - Wanting more land, especially when resources/space are limited 4. Bitterness - Revenge, reaction to past offences 5. Oppression - People wanting freedom against the corrupt government because it's denying them basic human rights |
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Long-term forces or factors that have led to reduced levels of war / violence -> strategies for creating or maintaining peace
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- Stable central governments -> through Peacekeeping, Diplomacy, Expert Aid
- Life is precious -> Make lives longer (economic + humanitarian aid) - Build + maintain cooperative relationships with other countries - increase understanding -> cultural and educational exchange |
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Identify short-term factors that could work to stop a particular conflict.
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- Diplomacy (ie Peacekeeping)
- international intervention (ie no-fly zones) - public pressure (press reports etc.) |
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MAIN factors that helped lead to WW1?
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Militarism - Germany + England was in an arms race + Germany and Britain were in a fight because England's navy was good and Germany also wanted a strong navy.
Alliances - rival alliances would go to war to defend each other Imperialism - England and France had many overseas empires next to each other. England wanted to keep France and Russia happy to protect her colonies. Potential for tensions in colonies lead to European wars. Bitterness: Germany was discontented with its position. Nationalism - Balkans consisted of unstable Slavs + ambitious Serbia. Austro-Hungary, Russia and the Ottoman Empire all wanted influence. Russia and Serbia helped Slavic nations in Austro-Hungary. Germany took Alsace-Lorraine from France. Germany was a new nation -> wanted status and became unified. |
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Major European Alliances?
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Germany and Austro-Hungary,
France and Austro-Hungary and Russia (Italy, Germany and Austro-Hungary, before the war -> Triple Alliance) |
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Schlieffen Plan - explain.
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Russia, France and England felt threatened by Germany and joined an alliance to protect themselves. Germany believed it'd have to fight France and Russia in any war, so they planned to attack France through Belgium and then attack Russia
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What event triggered WW1?
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assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip
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Why did England feel the need that they had to support France and Russia?
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they were in an alliance lol obvs
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"World War One was Germany's fault."
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Not true
- Germany was blamed bc reparations needed to be paid, and even though Austria-Hungary was at fault, it was collapsing so Germany had to accept war guilt. |
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How many men fought in WW1?
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42 million
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How many died?
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13 million
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What was the overall casualty rate?
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22 million -> 52%
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What major power left the war in 1917 and why?
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Russia left the war because of an uprising in St. Petersburg that led to the abdification of Tsar Nicholas 2
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Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks and how did Germany help him?
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Vladimir Lenin, an extreme radical socialist dude. Germany helped by financing train travel to Russia because they thought if he got to Russia, he would cause a revolution and make Russia leave the war
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What was the armistice and when was it signed?
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The ceasefire agreement; 1918 nov
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What factors led to Germany's defeat?
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- difference in industrial power
- poor morale - poor leadership - collapsing allies - manpower really weak against USA - |
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Did the german ppl believe that Germany's army had been defeated?
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no bc there was a widespread belief supported by politicians that the army had never been defeated
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What new nations were formed at the end of ww1?
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Yugoslavia, Poland, Finland+lithuania+estonia gained independence
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When was the treaty of Versailles signed?
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1919
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What major countries didnt attend the peace conference?
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russia and germany. Germany just wasn't invited and russia didn't want to be part of anything
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Who were the big three?
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France, England, USA
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What were the main provisions of the treaty?
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- Germany military reduced to 100k men
- Polish farmland back to poland - Alsace-Lorraine back to France - War guilt on Germany - Rhineland held by Peacekeepers,Germany excluded - League of Nations w/ no power to inforce power over its members - German colonies given to France + england - 100 billion reparations to france |
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Why was it important to make Germany accept guilt for the war?
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Reparations needed to be paid and as Austro-Hungary was collapsing, even though it was their fault, wasn't blamed.
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How did Germany people react to the treaty?
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resentful and bitter
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Why did Germany sign it?
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German economy was going down as it used all of its assets to prosecute war. Had nothing left to rebuild because they were forced to pay reparations.
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Based on the strategies identified for preventing war/violence, was the treatment of Germany at the end of WW1 more likely to lead to war or peace in the future?
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Germany’s government was very unstable : It used all of its assets to prosecute war, had no money and was then forced to pay reparations, had nothing left to rebuild -> led to famine and poverty. Germany lost Rhineland, Polish Farmland was given back to Poland and Alsace Lorraine was given back to France. German colonies were also taken over. more likely to lead to war than peace -> government was at an absolute low famine and poverty could cause an uprising of civilians -> destroy more of Germany.
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