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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the stages of cell cycle?
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Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. (IPMAT)
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Approx. what percentage of the cell cycle is interphase?
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90%
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What event must occur before mitosis can begin?
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The DNA must replicate (double).
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How do the daughter cells compare with the parent cells?
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Daughter cells are identical copies of the parent cells.
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List the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
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(IPMAT) interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase.
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Describe one feature that identifies each stage of mitosis.
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Prophase: Chromosomes condense and come into the middle
Metaphase:chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell. Anaphase: centrioles split to form two identical chromatids, drawn to separate sides by the spindle fibres Telophase: spindle fibres dissolve, new nuclear membranes form around new nucleus. |
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Why is it necessary for a cell to duplicate its nuclear material?
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So each daughter cell has a set.
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What is the duplicated material called?
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Sister chromatids.
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What disease may result from a harmful mutation?
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Cancer
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Which part of the cell does cancer effect?
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The nucleus.
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Describe two characteristics of cancer cells.
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Benign tumour- does not spread
Malignant tumour- spreads and affects tissues and organs of the body |
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What characteristic of a cancer cll allows cancer to spread to other areas of the body?
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Malignant tumours.
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What is a carcinogen? Give two examples of known carcinogens.
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Any substance that can came cancer. Examples: tobacco, STD's
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What is a common treatment for benign tumours?
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Surgery
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What characteristic of cancer makes them easy to identify under a microscope?
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Large nuclei, cells separate, cells divide uncontrollably.
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Why is cancers that metastasize more dangerous than cancers that don't?
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Larger area to treat.
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Explain the differences between radiation and chemotherapy.
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Radiation: radioactive isotopes that destroy cancer cells
Chemotherapy: destroys cancer cells by using chemicals |
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How does radiation affect cancer cells?
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Disrupts cells division.
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Explain why cancer treatments may cause hair loss and burns.
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Chemicals that are used in chemotherapy.
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How is asexual reproduction different from sexual reproduction?
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Asexual: only one parent (organism)
Sexual: two separate organisms |
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What is cloning? Why are all offspring of asexual reproduction called clones?
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DNA that is identical to the DNA of the parent. Called clones because they are identical to the parent.
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What process must occur before asexual reproduction begins?
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DNA replication.
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Explain why the population of an asexually reproducing organism can increase rapidly.
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Only involves one person.
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Define: Binary and Fission.
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Binary: Made up of two parts; double.
Fission: Splitting apart. |
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How are binary fission and budding similar?
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They both occur in single-celled organisms.
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Describe 2 types of vegetative reproduction.
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Shoots forming on potato tuber, runners on a spider plant.
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How is spore formation different than the other types of asexual reproduction?
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Reproduces by forming large numbers of spores, and organisms from spores may also reproduce sexually.
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Explain the difference between fragmentation and regeneration.
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Fragmentation is when a part of an animal breaks off and forms into a new organism. Regeneration is the ability to re-grow a body part.
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What are some advantages to asexual reproduction?
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- only need one organism
- genetically identical to the parent - large numbers of offspring |
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Why are cells replaced, and where do the new cells come from?
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Old cells die out and we need new cells to keep is healthy. They come from cell division.
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What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular?
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Unicellular is one, and multicellular is more than one; many.
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Mitosis is the division of the _____.
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nucleus
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