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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
¿cómo te relajas?
to go camping |
acampar
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¿cómo te relajas?
to ride bicycle |
adar en bicicleta
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¿cómo te relajas?
to bathe (in a jacuzzi) |
bañarse (en el jacuzzi)
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¿cómo te relajas?
to scuba dive |
bucear
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¿cómo te relajas?
to throw (have) a party |
dar una fiesta
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¿cómo te relajas?
to draw |
dibujar
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¿cómo te relajas?
to mt. climb |
escalar montañas
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¿cómo te relajas?
to ski |
esquir
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¿cómo te relajas?
to ski in the water on the mountains |
esquir en el agua
esquir en las montañas |
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¿cómo te relajas?
to go camping |
hacer camping
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¿cómo te relajas?
to play ________ cards golf volleyball |
jugar a las naipes
jugar al golf jugar al voleibol |
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________ TO MEDITATE |
meditar
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________ TO SAIL |
navegar en un barco
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________ TO SKATE |
patinar
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________ TO FISH |
pescar
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________ TO JUMP ROPE |
saltar a la cuerda
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________ TO HAVE A PICNIC |
tener un picnic
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¿cómo te relajas?
how do you relax yourself? ________ TO GARDEN |
trabajar en el jardín
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¿cómo te relajas?
How do you relax yourself? ________ TAKE A WALK |
dar un paseo
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¿cómo te relajas?
How do you relax yourself? ________ TO GO TO CHURCH |
ir a la iglesia
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¿cómo te relajas?
How do you relax yourself? ________ TO READ |
leer
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¿cómo te relajas?
How do you relax yourself? ________ TO LIFT WEIGHTS |
levantar pesas
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Places - "lugares..."
the forest |
el bosque
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Places - "lugares..."
the desert |
el desierto
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Places - "lugares..."
the lake |
el lago
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Places - "lugares..."
the sea |
el mar
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Places - "lugares..."
the mountains |
las montañas
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Places - "lugares..."
the museum |
el museo
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Places - "lugares..."
the ocean |
el océano
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Places - "lugares..."
the park |
el parque
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Places - "lugares..."
the river |
el río
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otras palabras
funny |
christoso(a)
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otras palabras
comical |
cómico(a)
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otras palabras
funny, amusing |
gracioso(a)
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otras palabras
joke |
el chiste
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otras palabras
to laugh, laughter |
la risa
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otras palabras
free (spare) time |
el tiempo libre
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otras palabras
to make laugh |
hacer reír
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otras palabras
strike someone as funny |
hacerle gracia a uno
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otras palabras
to laugh loudly |
reírse (i,i) a carajadas
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otras palabras
to be funny, charming |
tener gracia
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imperfect conjugations for "ir" to go
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yo íbamos
tu iba el/ella iban Ud we iba Uds. ibas they all iba |
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imperfect conjugations for "ser" I am..
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yo éramos
tu erais el/ella eran Ud we era Uds. eras ellos era |
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last night
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anoche
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ayer
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yesterday
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ayer por la mañana
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yesterday morning
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yesterday afternoon
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ayer por la tarde
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yesterday last night
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ayer por la noche
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last weekend
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el fin de semana pasado
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(time) ago
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hacer + (time)
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a few years ago
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hace unos años
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several months ago
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hace varios meses
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last Saturday (Sunday)
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el sábado (domingo) pasado
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POINT IN TIME
I decided to stay home decidí quedarme en casa sound of the telephone sóno el teléfono I answered it lo contesté I heard the voice oí la voz |
POINT IN TIME
I decided to stay home decidí quedarme en casa sound of the telephone sóno el teléfono I answered it lo contesté I heard the voice oí la voz |
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EVENT IN PROGRESS
it was bad weather hacía mal tiempo it rained llovía he/she didn't want no tenía ganas he/she looked at television miraba la televisión it seemed to be sad parecía estar triste |
EVENT IN PROGRESS
EVENT IN PROGRESS it was bad weather hacía mal tiempo it rained llovía he/she didn't want no tenía ganas he/she looked at television miraba la televisión it seemed to be sad parecía estar triste |
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The IMPERFECT tense is used:
Description : - time, date -weather -event -age -physical characteristics -personality -physical, mental, emotional state or condition -set up the stage On going action in the past Repetitive / habitual action in the past Duration of time (length of time) 2nd part of indirect discourse |
The IMPERFECT tense is used:
Description : - time, date -weather -event -age -physical characteristics -personality -physical, mental, emotional state or condition -set up the stage On going action in the past Repetitive / habitual action in the past Duration of time (length of time) 2nd part of indirect discourse |
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IMPERFECT VERB TENSES FOR AR ER/IR
FLIP CARD |
__AR verbs __ER & IR verbs
Yo__aba __ía Tú__abas __ías Él / Ella / Ud. __aba __ía Nosotros / Nosotras __ábamos __íamos Ellos / Ellas / Uds. __aban __ían |
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IMPERFECT TENSE...the description
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The imperfect tense usually describes conditions, acts already in progress, habitual or ongoing activities, feelings, emotions, and mental or physical states. There is no reference to the beginning or the end of an action. These imperfect tense verbs frequently create the background in which the completed act preterite tense verb) occurred.
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THE PRETERITE TENSE description
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The preterite describes a completed act: the writer views it as over and done with, and the reader or listener knows how it turned out. It may focus on either the beginning or the end of an action, but the action or event is seen as complete.
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the uses of imperfect tense:
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Use the imperfect tense for:
* ongoing past acts or background conditions that do not focus on the completion, beginning or end. * telling time in the past * a customary or habitual past act * descriptions of physical and mental conditions * a series of repeated or habitual acts |
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the uses of preterite tense:
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Use the preterite tense for:
* an entire completed act * the beginning of a completed act * the end of a completed act * a series of specific completed acts |
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Particulars of Imperfect:
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1. used to denote the middle of an action
2. use phrases such as: 2a. ("was speaking") to show that a single action continued 2b. "used to" construction to show that a series of separate actions continued 2c. show state of mind or body ("was," "thought," etc.) as ongoing in the past |
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Particulars of imperfect:
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imperfect is used to denote the middle of an action
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Particulars of Preterite:
preterite is used to indicate the beginning or the end of an action. |
When one says, "I shut the door," on the other hand, by the time one says that, the door is already shut; the action has been completed.
The preterite is used to describe a series of discrete actions that occurred in sequence and then were over. |
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Particulars of the imperfect:
use of time |
example: Of course, there are always some uses that do not necessarily fit the rule, such as the fact that one always tells time in the imperfect ("era la una"),
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One verb -change the tense -meaning changes too...
Preterite versus imperfect |
Verb Preterite
saber supe - "I found out" conocer conocí - "I met" querer quise - "I tried" |
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Particulars of Imperfect vs. Preterite when using the same verb and its tense changes
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Verb Imperfect Pret.
saber sabía - supe - "I knew" "I found out" conocer conocía - conocí - "I knew" "I met" querer quería - quise - "I wanted" "I tried" |
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Preterit:
1. Foreground / Focus event, often one which presents an independent event or advances the story line (cf. 2) 2. Achievement: start or completionis relevant; often momentary events. "Closed box" or "snapshot"--no subdivisions of the event are examined. (flip to continue) |
3. Sequential development
4. Repeated event with clear start and finish and a specific number of repetitions 5. Specific time references: ayer, el domingo, el año pasado |
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Imperfect
1. Background process on which a (completed) foreground event is "superimposed" 2. Duration, non-achievement--event viewed as ongoing, incomplete, or even interrupted ("was/were verb-ing"). "Open box" or "movie"--the event is subject to subdivision and examination (flip to continue) |
3. Simultaneous development
4. Habitual event ("used to", "would") 5. General time references: siempre, con frecuencia |
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Preterit Foreground Events: example
Ayer (llovió) todo el día. Por eso me (mojé). Yesterday it rained the whole day. For that reason I wet myself. flip for more... |
a repeated action viewed as a single event with definite completion
EXAMPLE:(Toqué) tres veces a la puerta, pero (no vino) nadie. I knocked three times on the door, but nobody didn't come. |
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Preterit
[preterit for series of events, "sequential development"] Anoche (cené) a las seis. Luego (fui) a la biblioteca donde me (quedé) tres horas estudiando. Después (volví) a la residencia y me (acosté) a las diez y media. |
Anoche cené a las seis. Luego fui a la biblioteca donde me quedé tres horas estudiando. Después volví a la residencia y me acosté a las diez y media.
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Preterit:("I met"--preterit for focus event, "became acquainted with" = "met")
a Rodrigo cuando (conocí) a su hermana. flip for more explanations |
Anoche supo ("he found out") que hoy no tenemos examen. [special translation of saber in preterit--start to know" = "find out"]
translation: Last night he/she knew ("there is found out") that today we don't have exam. [special translation of to know in preterit--start to know" = "find out"] |
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Imperfect: examples
Background information: Ya llovía [background] cuando me levanté. (trans: it rained when I got up) Habitual: En la secundaria tocaba [habitual] la guitarra casi todos los días. (trans: secondly, he/she played the guitar almost everyday.) flip for more... |
Simultaneous Events: Mientras yo te esperaba, tú estabas en tu cama durmiendo. [imperfect for ongoing simultaneous events] Translation: (While I waited for you, you were in your bed sleeping.)
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Imperfect Tense
Comprar Vender Recibir yo/compraba vendía recibía tú/comprabas vendías recibías él, ella, Ud./ compraba vendía recibía nosotros/ comprábamos vendíamos recibíamos vosotros comprabais vendíais recibíais ellos/ compraban vendían recibían example of imperfect...flip |
Example:
El gerente negociaba con los vendedores. The manager used to (would) negotiate with the vendors. The manager was negotiating (in the process of) with the vendors.*** The manager negotiated (repeatedly) with the vendors. NOTE in the above example, the imperfect is also used to describe a past action, which is still going on in the past, or an action whose beginning and ending are NOT specified or important. ***The equivalent in English is was or were + present participle. To communicate the same idea in English, the phrases used to or would, past continuous, or simple past are used. |
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The imperfect tense
is used to describe physical conditions or characteristics of people and things in the past: EXAMPLES La compañía tenía muchos problemas económicos./ The company had a lot of economic problems. El hijo de Susana era muy inteligente./ Susan's son was very intelligent flip for more examples |
3. It is also used to express ongoing emotional or mental states, desires and opinions in the past:
EXAMPLES Nuestra casa matriz quería fusionar nuestra sucursal con otra compañía./ Our parent company wanted to merge our branch with another company. Los trabajadores se sentían felices con el nuevo jefe./ The workers were happy with their new boss. Nosotros creíamos que la fusión no funcionaba./ We believed that the merger was not working. |
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. The imperfect is used to express time or age in the past:
EXAMPLES Eran las tres de la tarde./ It was 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Tenía un año cuando nos mudamos a la Argentina./ I was a year-old when we moved to Argentina. |
5. The imperfect is used with the conjunction mientras/ while to express 2 or more ongoing and simultaneous actions:
EXAMPLE La empresa quería expandir el mercado mientras que el departamento de justicias la demandaba./ The company was trying to expand its market while the Justice Department was suing them. |
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Imperfect:
6. It is also used to describe a scene in the past: EXAMPLES La noche estaba calurosa./ The night was hot. El paisaje era maravilloso./ The scenery was marvelous. |
NOTE that the following expressions reflect a habitual or repeated action, which often require the use of the imperfect tense:
siempre/ always, con frecuencia/ with frequency, generalmente/ generally, todos los días (horas, meses, años)/ every day (hour, month, year), and por lo general/ in general. EXAMPLES Siempre llovía en Londres./ It always rained in London. Pedíamos préstamos con frecuencia./ Frequently, we would ask for loans. Generalmente me sacaba un diez (10) en matemáticas./ Generally, I used to get an A in math. Todos los días, tomábamos mate en la Argentina./ Every day we used to drink green tea in Argentina. Por lo general, vendíamos mucho antes de Navidad./ In general, we used to sell a lot before Christmas. |
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7. Imperfect Tense: Irregular Verbs.
IR SER VER/ to see yo/iba era veía tú/ibas eras veías él, ella, Ud iba era veía nosotros/ íbamos éramos veíamos vosotros/ ibais erais veíais ellos/ iban eran veían |
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DIFERENCES BETWEEN THE PRETERIT AND THE IMPERFECT
Poder/ to be able to El inmigrante ilegal podía trabajar a escondidas./ The illegal immigrant was able to work secretly. IMPERFECT Él pudo trabajar./ He did manage to work. (It adds more emphasis)PRET. Conocer/ to meet El socio conocía a todos los empleados./ The partner used to know all of the employees. IMPERFECT Él conoció a todos los empleados el mes pasado./ He met all of the employees last month. PRET. |
Saber/ to know
Sabía la clave de acceso./ I knew the password. IMPERFECT Supe la clave de acceso./ I found out the password. PRET. Querer/ to want, desire Mi cuñada no quería mudarse a los Estados Unidos./ My sister-in-law did not want to move to the US. IMPERFECT Ella no quiso mudarse./ She refused to move. PRET. |
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IDIOMATIC USES OF THE IMPERFECT
The imperfect is used to form idiomatic expressions, such as acabar de and hacía + time + que + imperfect tense: 1. Acabar de describes an action that "had just been done:" Acabábamos de comer asado./ We had just eaten some barbecue. 2. hacía + time + que + imperfect tense is used in time expression: Hacía unos años que no íbamos al zoológico./ For many years, we had not been going to the zoo. |
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PRETERIT:
Comprar Vender Recibir yo/compré vendí recibí tú/ compraste vendiste recibiste él, ella, Ud. compró vendió recibió nos./ compramos vendimos recibimos vos./ comprasteis vendisteis recibisteis ellos, Uds./ compraron vendieron recibieron |
FLIP TO NEXT CARD
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EXAMPLES of PRETERIT:
Ana abrió la puerta y salió volando./ Ana opened the door and left swiftly. Esta mañana empezó a llover./ This morning it started to rain. Llovió ayer. It rained yesterday. (AND MEANS) It did rain yesterday. NOTE: There is NO equivalent for the English auxiliary did. Did the interest increase? ¿Subió el interés? ¿El interés subió? Subject and the verb are inverted or the interrogative intonation is used. flip for more... |
3. The preterite can be used to interrupt an action in the imperfect tense (IT).
EXAMPLE Trabajábamos (IT) intensamente cuando anunciaron los despidos masivos./ We were working intensely when they announced the massive lay-offs. |