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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alternative forms of a gene for each variation of an organism
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alleles
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pairs of matching homologous chromosomes in somatic cells
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autosome
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cell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a ______, or 2n, number of chromosomes
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diploid
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observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait
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dominant [trait]
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branch of biology that studies heredity
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genetics
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combination of genes in an organism
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genotype
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cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or n, number of chromosomes
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haploid
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passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring
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heredity
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when there are two different alleles for a trait
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heterozygous
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when there are two identical alleles for a trait
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homozygous
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Mendelian priniciple statin that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
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law of independent assortment
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Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles
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law of segregation
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outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes
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phenotype
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transfer of male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower
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pollination
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trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait
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recessive
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in humans, the 23rd pair of chromosomes; determines the sex of an individual and carry sex-linked characteristics
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sex chromosome
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characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive
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trait
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pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsquent fusion of haploid sex cells
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sexual reproduction
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haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis
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sperm
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traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes
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sex-linked trait
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inheritance pattern of a trait controlled by two or more genes; genes may be on the same or different chromosomes
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polygenic inheritance
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failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes
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nondisjunction
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type of a cell division where one body cell produces four gametes each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parents body cell
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meiosis
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presence of more that two alleles for a genetic trait
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mulitple alleles
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inheritance pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between those of the two homozygotes; neither allele of the pair is dominant but combine and display a new trait
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incomplete dominance
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offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait
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hybrid
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paired chromosomes with gened for the same traits arranged in the same order
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homologous chromosome
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major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis
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genetic recombination
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a developing mammal from nine weeks to birth
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fetus
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fusion of male and female gametes
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fertilization
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