Vocab From Ch 9 Fund. Of Nursing

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Culture

Back 1

p107 The thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions, of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups. Consists of socially transmitted knowledge, behavioral patterns, values, beliefs, norms and lifestyles of a particular group that guides their worldview and decision making. Visible and invisible components.

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Visible Culture

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p107. Artifacts of a culture. Easily seen. ie. veil or steel bracelet of Sikh

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Invisible Culture

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p107. The invisible value-belief system of a particular culture is often the major driving force behind visible practices

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Sikh

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p 107 Identified by his visible artifacts: Turban, uncut hair with wooden comb, cotton underwear, short sword, steel bracelet, beard. These symbolize his allegiance to the philosophy of Sikhism, and removal of these artifacts w/out express consent of the ind. or fam. is sacrilegious and violates the ethnoreligious identity of the person.

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Subculture

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p107 such as the Appalachian represent various ethnic, religious, and other groups with distinct char. fr. the dominant culture.

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Ethnicity

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p107 Refers to a shared identity related to SOCIAL AND CULTURUAL HERITAGE such as values, LANGUAGE, GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE AND RACIAL CHARACTERISTICS. Members of an ethnic group feel a common sense of identity. ex Irish. (Race is common biological attributes shared by a group such as skin color or blood type)

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Emic Worldview
Etic Worldview

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p108 Insider or native perspective.
Outsider's perspective.

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Enculturation
Acculturation

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p108 Socialization into one's primary culture as a child is ____.
process of adapting to and adopting a new culture is _____. Results in varying dgrees of affiliation with the dominant culture.

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Biculturalism

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p108 (multiculturalism) Occurs when an individual identifies equally with two or more cultures

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Assimilation

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p108 Results when an individual gradually adopts and incorporates the char. of the dominant culture.

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Cultural Backlash

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p108 Occurs when an individual rejects a new culture because exp. w/ a new culture because exp. w/a new or diff. culture is extremely negative.

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Transcultural Nursing

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p108 Comparative study of cultures to understand similarities (culture universal) and differences (culture specific) across human groups. Goal is CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE.

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Culturally Congruent Care

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P108 Care that fits the person's valued life patterns and set of meanings. (meanings generated from people themselves). nurses play the role of learners and parner w/ clients and families in defining the char. of meaningful and beneficial care.

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Culturally Competent Care

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p108 Requires sp. knowledge, skills, and attitudes in the delivery of culturally congrunent care. 3 levels of cultural competence: individual, organizational, and societal level.
DEF: the ability of the nurse to bridge cultural gaps in caring, work w/cultural diff, and enable clients and families to achieve meaningful and supportive caring.

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Ethnocentrism

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p109 Tendency to hold one's own way of life as superior to others. Cause of biases/prejudices that associate neg. permanent char. w/people who are diff. fr the valued group.

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Cultural Imposition

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p109 Use of one's own values and lifestyles as the absolute guide in dealing w/ clients and interpreting their behaviors.

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Hmong
Shaman

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p109 Refugees (from Laos) who believe that epilepsy or seizure disorder is caused by the wandering of the soul; hence treatment includes intervention by a _____who performs the ritual to retrieve the client's soul. Epilepsy is connected to the magical and supernatural forces in nature. A _____ uses rituals symbolizing the supernatural, spiritual, and naturalistic modalities of prayers, herbs, and incense burning.

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Naturalistic Practitioners

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p110 Attribute illness to natural, impersonal, and biological forces that cause alteration in the equilibrium of the human body. Healing emphasizes use of naturalistic modalities incl. herbs, chemicals, heat, cold, massage and surgery.

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Personalistic Practitioners

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p110 Believe that an external agent, wh. can be human (sorcerer) or nonhuman (ghosts) cause health and illness. Also uses, massage, herbs and aromatherapy. ex. voodoo priest

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Culture Bound Syndrome

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p110 Illnesses that are sp. to one culture. They are used to explain personal and social reactions of the culture's members.

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Hwa-byung

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p110 Korean culture-bound syndrome observed among, middle-age, low-income women who are overwhelmed and frustrated by the burden of caregiving for their in-laws, husbands, and children. Sym. are gnerally somatic manifestations: insomnia, fatigue, anorexia, indigestion, feelings of an epigastic mass, etc . . Women unconsciously avoid expressions of symptons that counter the cultural ideal of females as the caretakers . ..imbalance of yin (cold) and yang (heat)

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Rites of Passage

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p110 Significant social markers of changes in a person's life.

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Igbos

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p111 Greatly celebrate the birth of a son. From Western Africa

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Patrilieal
Bilineal
Matrilineal

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p116 Kinship is limited to father's side. (Chinese and Hindu)
Both father and mother's family.
Mother's side.

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Cultural Pain

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p110 Clients suffer _____when health are providers disregard their valued way of life.

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Ethnohistory

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Refers to significant historical experiences of a particular group. ie Great Depression - older adults are frugal. Encourage clients to share their stories to understand who they are.

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Cultural Assessment

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p113 Systematic and comprehensive examination of the cultural care values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families and communities. The GOAL: to gather significant info. fr. client that will enable the nurse to implement culturally congruent care.

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Madeline Leininger's Sunrise Model

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p113 The model assumes that cultural care values, beliefs, and practices are fixed in the cultural and social structural dimensions of society, wh. include environmental context, language, and ethnohistory.

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Folk Care vs Health Care Professions

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p113 Caring as defined by the people.
HCP - based on the scientific, biomedical caring system

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Impression Management (under Cultural Assessment)

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p113 based on nurse's ability to interpret the client's behavior w/in his or her own context of meanings and to behave in a culturally congruent way. Requires linguistic skills, culturally congruent interpretation of behaviors of others, listening, and observation skills.

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Social Organization
Fictive

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p116Non- blood kin

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Halal Foods

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meat, fish, . . .permissible for Muslims. Halal meat comes from animals slaughtered during a prayer ritual.

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Haram

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Prohibited food for Muslims. Animals with fangs, pork products, gelatin products, and alcohol.

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Leininger Identified 3 nursing decision and action models to achieve culturally congruent care

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p119 All 3 modes of professional decision and actions assist, support, facilitate, or enable people of particular cultures.
1. Cultural Care preservation or maintenance
2. "" accommodation or negotiation
3. ""repatterning or restructuring

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The role of the nurse in planning care for a culturally diverse population can best be described as . . .

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Providing care while remaining aware of one's own bias and focusing on the client's individual needs rather than the staff's practices