Vocab From Ch 46 Of Bio Book

Front 1

fusion of haploid gametes forms a diploid cell (zygote)

Back 1

sexual reproduction

Front 2

generation of new individuals without fusion of sperm and egg

Back 2

asexual reproduction

Front 3

female gamete, which large and nonmotile

Back 3

egg

Front 4

male gamete, which is smaller and motile

Back 4

sperm

Front 5

spearation of parent organism into 2 individuals of equal size (a type of asexual reproduction that occurs in invertebrates)

Back 5

fission

Front 6

new individuals arise from outgrowths of existing ones (a type of asexual reproduction that occurs in invertebrates)

Back 6

budding

Front 7

2-step process of asexual reproduction

Back 7

fragmentation (breaking of body into pieces) and regeneration (regrowth of lost body parts)

Front 8

form of asexual reproduction in which egg develops without being fertilized

Back 8

parthenogenesis (note: progeny can be either haploid or diploid)

Front 9

reproductive handicap of sex

Back 9

sexual reproduction produces fewer offspring (but is more common because it has advantages for species, eg, combination of genes may increase survival)

Front 10

release of mature eggs at the midpoint of each reproductive cycle

Back 10

ovulation

Front 11

one individual has both male and female reproductive systems

Back 11

hermaphroditism (which is good for animals that don't move or parasites that are isolated from others of their species)

Front 12

union of sperm and egg

Back 12

fertilization

Front 13

female releases eggs into environment where male fertilizes them

Back 13

external fertilization

Front 14

sperm are deposited in or near the female reproductive tract and fertilization occurs within the tract

Back 14

internal fertilization (allows sperm to reach egg even when environment is dry)

Front 15

individual release gametes into the water at the same time (triggered by one's release or by temperature or day length)

Back 15

spawning

Front 16

chemicals released by one organism that can influence the physiology and behavior of others...often used to attract mates

Back 16

pheromones

Front 17

organs that produce gametes

Back 17

gonads

Front 18

a sac in females that stores sperm for extended periods (until good conditions for the embryo to develop)

Back 18

spermatheca

Front 19

common opening of the reproductive, digestive, and excretory systems to the outside in non-mammals

Back 19

cloaca...mammmals have separate openings for each system

Front 20

found on outer layer of each ovary

Back 20

follicles

Front 21

partially developed egg surrounded by support cells

Back 21

oocyte

Front 22

the formation and development of an ovum

Back 22

oogenesis

Front 23

leftover follicular issue that secretes estradiol and progesterone

Back 23

corpus luteum

Front 24

thick, muscular organ that expands during pregnancy

Back 24

uterus

Front 25

inner lining of the uterus

Back 25

endometrium

Front 26

neck of the uterus

Back 26

cervix

Front 27

muscular but elastic chambber that is the site for insertion of the penis and deposition of sperm during copulation

Back 27

vagina

Front 28

external female genitalia

Back 28

vulva

Front 29

thick fatty ridges that enclose and protect the vulva

Back 29

labia majora

Front 30

a pair of slender skin folds that borders the vaginal opening

Back 30

labia minora

Front 31

thin piece of tissue that partly covers the vaginal opening in humans at birth and usually until sexual intercourse or vigorous activity ruptures it

Back 31

hymen

Front 32

short shaft of tissue that consists of erectile tissue in females

Back 32

clitoris

Front 33

head of the clitoris or penis

Back 33

glans

Front 34

small hood of skin that covers the clitoris or penis

Back 34

prepuce

Front 35

glands that secrete milk

Back 35

mammary glands

Front 36

male gonads that consist of highly coiled tubes and connective tissue

Back 36

testes

Front 37

tubes in testes where sperm form

Back 37

seminiferous tubules

Front 38

cells scattered between seminiferous tubules that produce testosterone and other androgens

Back 38

leydig cells

Front 39

a fold of the body wall of the testis that keeps the temperature 2 degrees below the abdominal cavity's temperature

Back 39

scrotum

Front 40

coiled tubules located next to the testis where sperm go after they leave the testis

Back 40

epididymis

Front 41

process in which sperm are propelled from which epididymis through a muscular duct

Back 41

ejaculation

Front 42

muscular duct through which sperm are propelled...it extends around and behind the bladder

Back 42

vas deferens

Front 43

the duct that forms from the vas deferens and a duct from the seminal vesicle...it opens into the urethra

Back 43

ejaculatory duct

Front 44

outlet tube for the excretory and reproductive system (in the male)

Back 44

urethra

Front 45

the fluid that is ejaculated. it includes sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

Back 45

semen

Front 46

a gland that secretes thin, milky fluid with anticoagulant enzymes and citrate (a sperm nutrient) into the urethra

Back 46

prostate gland

Front 47

glandbelow the prsotate that secrete clear mucus that neutralizes acidic urine remaining in the urethra. the fluid also has some sperm

Back 47

bulbourethral glands

Front 48

it contains the urethra and 3 cylinders of spongy erectile tissue.

Back 48

penis

Front 49

filling of tissue with blood

Back 49

vasocongestion

Front 50

increased muscle tension (part of the human sexual response)

Back 50

myotonia

Front 51

sexual intercourse

Back 51

coitus

Front 52

rhythmic, involuntary contractions of the reproductive structures

Back 52

orgasm

Front 53

the production of gametes

Back 53

gametogenesis

Front 54

development of mature ooccytes (eggs)

Back 54

oogenesis

Front 55

a cell that divides mitotically to form spermatocytes

Back 55

spermatogonia

Front 56

a special vesicle in the head of the sperm that contains enzymes that help sperm penetrate the egg.

Back 56

acrosome

Front 57

primordial germ cells that becom oocytes (eggs)

Back 57

oogonia

Front 58

an oocyte prior to completion of meiosis 1. (the oogonia divid mitotically that begin meiosis but stop at prophase 1 until puberty

Back 58

primary oocytes

Front 59

a primary oocyte that has completed meiosis 1 and started a 2nd meiotic division but stops at metaphase. it is released at ovulation when its follicle breaks open

Back 59

secondary oocyte